Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgements
Author
Symbols and Abbreviations
Chapter 1 The railway as a transport system
	1.1 Definition
	1.2 Constituents
		1.2.1 Railway infrastructure
		1.2.2 Rolling stock
		1.2.3 Railway operation
	1.3 The railway system technique
		1.3.1 Description of the system
		1.3.2 Fundamental functional principles
			1.3.2.1 Running on a straight path
			1.3.2.2 Running in curves
		1.3.3 Distinctive features of railway systems compared to road means of transport
	1.4 Classification of railway systems
		1.4.1 Speed in railway engineering: design and operational considerations
			1.4.1.1 Definitions
			1.4.1.2 Case study
		1.4.2 Classification of railway systems based on speed
		1.4.3 Classification of railway systems based on functionality/provided services
		1.4.4 Classification of railway systems based on track gauge
		1.4.5 Classification of railway systems based on traffic composition
	1.5 The capabilities of the railway system
		1.5.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the railway
		1.5.2 Comparison of the characteristics of railway systems
		1.5.3 Comparison of the capabilities of different transportation systems
			1.5.3.1 Comparison of air and high-speed train transport
			1.5.3.2 Comparison of urban systems
	1.6 Historical overview of the railway and future perspectives
	References
Chapter 2 Loads on track
	2.1 Classification of loads
	2.2 Vertical loads on track
		2.2.1 Static vertical loads
			2.2.1.1 Axle load
			2.2.1.2 Wheel weight
			2.2.1.3 Daily traffic load
		2.2.2 Quasi-static vertical loads
			2.2.2.1 Vertical wheel load due to crosswinds
			2.2.2.2 Vertical wheel load due to residual centrifugal force
		2.2.3 Dynamic vertical loads
			2.2.3.1 Dynamic vertical wheel load
			2.2.3.2 Total vertical wheel load
			2.2.3.3 Design vertical wheel load
			2.2.3.4 Design loads of bridges
	2.3 Transversal loads on track
		2.3.1 Gravitational forces
		2.3.2 Creep forces
			2.3.2.1 Running on straight path
			2.3.2.2 Running in curves
		2.3.3 Crosswind forces
		2.3.4 Residual centrifugal force
		2.3.5 Total transversal force transmitted from the vehicle to the rail
		2.3.6 Forces due to vehicle oscillations
		2.3.7 Guidance forces
		2.3.8 Case study
	2.4 Longitudinal forces
		2.4.1 Temperature forces
		2.4.2 Rail creep forces
		2.4.3 Braking forces: acceleration forces
		2.4.4 Traction forces: adhesion forces
		2.4.5 Fishplate forces
	References
Chapter 3 Behaviour of rolling stock on track
	3.1 Behaviour of a single railway wheelset
		3.1.1 Movement on straight paths
		3.1.2 Movement in curves
	3.2 Behaviour of a whole vehicle
		3.2.1 Operational and technical characteristics of bogies
			3.2.1.1 Object and purposes of bogies
			3.2.1.2 Conventional bogies
			3.2.1.3 Bogies with self-steering wheelsets
			3.2.1.4 Bogies with independently rotating wheels
			3.2.1.5 Bogies with creep-controlled wheelsets
			3.2.1.6 Bogies with wheels with mixed behaviour
		3.2.2 Wheel rolling conditions and bogies inscription behaviour in curves
		3.2.3 Lateral behaviour of a whole vehicle
			3.2.3.1 Vehicles with conventional bogies
			3.2.3.2 Vehicles with bogies with self-steering wheelsets
			3.2.3.3 Vehicles with independently rotating wheels
			3.2.3.4 Comparative assessment
		3.2.4 Selection of bogie design characteristics based on operational aspects of networks
			3.2.4.1 High-speed networks
			3.2.4.2 Conventional speed networks
			3.2.4.3 Mountainous networks
			3.2.4.4 Metro networks
			3.2.4.5 Tramway networks
	3.3 Derailment of railway vehicles
		3.3.1 Definition
		3.3.2 Derailment as a result of vehicle overturning
			3.3.2.1 Check for derailment due to overturning – movement along curved track segments
			3.3.2.2 Check for derailment due to overturning – movement along straight track segments
		3.3.3 Derailment due to track displacement
			3.3.3.1 Prud’homme limit
			3.3.3.2 Empirical formulas considering the stabilisation degree of the track and the type of sleepers
		3.3.4 Derailment due to wheel climb
			3.3.4.1 Criteria that evaluate the F1 / Q1 ratio
			3.3.4.2 Criteria related to the time or distance limits, which are applied to limit the exceeding duration of the F1 / Q1 ratio limit in either time or distance scale
			3.3.4.3 Criterion qr
			3.3.4.4 Empirical formula that calculates the speed over, which a vehicle is derailed due to wheel climb
		3.3.5 Derailment caused by gauge widening or rail rollover
	3.4 Derailment in turnouts
	3.5 Case study
	References
Chapter 4 Tramway
	4.1 Definition and description of the system
	4.2 Classification of tramway systems
		4.2.1 Based on physical characteristics of the corridor
		4.2.2 Based on functionality/provided services
		4.2.3 Based on floor height of the vehicles
			4.2.3.1 Low floor
			4.2.3.2 Very low floor
			4.2.3.3 Moderately high floor
			4.2.3.4 High floor
		4.2.4 Based on power supply system
		4.2.5 Other classifications
	4.3 Constructional and operational characteristics of the system
		4.3.1 Data related to track alignment and track superstructure
		4.3.2 Rolling stock data
		4.3.3 Tramway signalling system and traffic control
		4.3.4 Transport capacity of the system
		4.3.5 Run time and commercial speeds
		4.3.6 Cost of implementing a tramway
	4.4 Integration of tramway corridors across the road arteries
		4.4.1 Types of integration of tramway corridors
			4.4.1.1 A single track per direction at two opposite sides of the road
			4.4.1.2 Double track on one side of the road
			4.4.1.3 Central alignment
		4.4.2 Geometric features of the integration of tramway corridors
			4.4.2.1 Technical and Total Tramway infrastructure Right-Of-Way
			4.4.2.2 Geometric integration of tramway corridors at curved sections of roads in the horizontal alignment
	4.5 Integration of stops
		4.5.1 Types of stops integration
		4.5.2 Geometric and operational features of tramway stop integration
			4.5.2.1 Geometric criteria
			4.5.2.2 Operational criteria
	4.6 Tramway depot facilities
		4.6.1 General description and operational activities
			4.6.1.1 Parking area/yard
			4.6.1.2 Maintenance hall/workshop
			4.6.1.3 Vehicle cleaning/washing area
		4.6.2 Classification of tramway depots
		4.6.3 Main design principles and selection of a ground plan area
	4.7 Requirements for implementing the system
	4.8 Historical overview and present situation
		4.8.1 Historical overview
			4.8.1.1 The first horse-drawn tram
			4.8.1.2 The transition period from the horse-drawn tram to electrification
			4.8.1.3 The development of electric trams
			4.8.1.4 The period of dismantling of tram networks
			4.8.1.5 Restoration and reintegration of tramway systems
		4.8.2 Present situation
	References
Chapter 5 Metro
	5.1 Definition and description of the system
	5.2 Classification of metro systems
		5.2.1 Based on transport capacity
		5.2.2 Based on the Grade of Automation of their operation
		5.2.3 Based on the guidance system
		5.2.4 Other classification categories
	5.3 Constructional and operational characteristics of a metro system
		5.3.1 Track layout
		5.3.2 Track superstructure
		5.3.3 Tunnels
		5.3.4 Rolling stock
		5.3.5 Operation
			5.3.5.1 Commercial speeds, service frequency, and service reliability
			5.3.5.2 Fare collection and ticket supply
			5.3.5.3 Revenues for the system operator
		5.3.6 Implementation cost
	5.4 Metro stations
		5.4.1 Location selection for metro stations
		5.4.2 Construction depth of metro stations
		5.4.3 Construction methods
			5.4.3.1 Construction of the station’s shell
			5.4.3.2 Surface construction
			5.4.3.3 Number of station levels
			5.4.3.4 Station architecture
		5.4.4 Platforms
			5.4.4.1 Layout of platforms
			5.4.4.2 Platform dimensions
	5.5 Depot facilities
	5.6 Requirements for implementing the system
	5.7 Historical overview and present situation
		5.7.1 Historical overview
		5.7.2 Present situation
	References
Chapter 6 Monorail
	6.1 Definition and description of the system
	6.2 Classification of the monorails and techniques of the system
		6.2.1 Based on train placement in relation to the guidebeam
		6.2.2 Based on transport capacity
		6.2.3 Based on system techniques
		6.2.4 Based on functionality/services provided
	6.3 Classification of the monorails and techniques of the system
		6.3.1 Permanent way
		6.3.2 Rolling stock
		6.3.3 Operation
	6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of monorail systems
		6.4.1 Advantages
		6.4.2 Disadvantages
	6.5 Requirements for implementing the system
	6.6 Historical overview and present situation
		6.6.1 Historical overview
		6.6.2 Present situation
	References
Chapter 7 Automatic passenger transport railway systems of low- and medium-transport capacity
	7.1 Definition
	7.2 Cable-propelled railway systems
		7.2.1 General description and classification
		7.2.2 Constructional and operational features of the systems
			7.2.2.1 System ‘principles’ and superstructure configurations
			7.2.2.2 Guideway
		7.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages
			7.2.3.1 Advantages
			7.2.3.2 Disadvantages
		7.2.4 Requirements for implementing the system
	7.3 Self-propelled electric systems
		7.3.1 General description and classification
		7.3.2 Battery-powered systems
			7.3.2.1 Advantages (Wikipedia, 2015c)
			7.3.2.2 Disadvantages (Wikipedia, 2015c)
		7.3.3 Outside power feeding systems
	References
Chapter 8 Suburban railway
	8.1 Definition and classification of suburban railway systems
	8.2 Constructional and operational characteristics of the suburban railway
	8.3 Advantages and disadvantages of the suburban railway
		8.3.1 Advantages
		8.3.2 Disadvantages
	8.4 Requirements for implementing the system
	8.5 Airport railway links
		8.5.1 Railway services between urban centres and neighbouring airports
		8.5.2 Development in the number of airport–urban centre rail links in relation to that of airports
		8.5.3 Average airport–urban centre distance served by the different types of railway systems
		8.5.4 Number and type of railway systems serving as airport links in relation to urban centre population size
	References
Chapter 9 Rack railway
	9.1 Definition and description of the system
	9.2 Classification of rack railway systems
		9.2.1 Type of cog rail
		9.2.2 Type of adhesion along the line
	9.3 Evolution of the system and application examples
	9.4 Constructional and operational features of rack railway systems
		9.4.1 Track alignment
		9.4.2 Track superstructure
		9.4.3 Rolling stock
		9.4.4 Operation
	9.5 Advantages and disadvantages of rack railway systems
		9.5.1 Advantages
		9.5.2 Disadvantages
	9.6 Requirements for implementing the system
	References
Chapter 10 Cable railway systems for steep gradients
	10.1 Definition and description of the system
	10.2 The funicular
		10.2.1 Evolution of funiculars and application examples
		10.2.2 Constructional and operational features of funiculars
			10.2.2.1 Infrastructure
			10.2.2.2 Rolling stock
			10.2.2.3 Operation
	10.3 The inclined elevator
	10.4 Advantages and disadvantages of cable railway systems for steep gradients
		10.4.1 Advantages
		10.4.2 Disadvantages
	10.5 Requirements for implementing the system
	References
Chapter 11 Organisation and management of passenger intercity railway transport
	11.1 Services and basic design principles of passenger railway transport
	11.2 Service level of intercity passenger railway transport: quality parameters
	11.3 Rolling stock for passenger intercity railway transport
	11.4 Scheduling of passenger train services
	11.5 Case study: selection and purchase of rolling stock
		11.5.1 Step 1: assessment of the existing situation
		11.5.2 Step 2: determination of the target year
		11.5.3 Step 3: assessment of the situation in the target year
		11.5.4 Step 4: determination of the transport volume target
		11.5.5 Step 5: determination of the service frequency target
		11.5.6 Step 6: new train timetable scheme
		11.5.7 Step 7: checks on corridor track capacity and transport volume
		11.5.8 Step 8: in theory – required rolling stock for the performance of scheduled services
		11.5.9 Step 9: practically required rolling stock
		11.5.10 Step 10: required rolling stock
	References
Chapter 12 High-speed networks and trains
	12.1 Distinction between high speeds and conventional speeds
	12.2 High-speed train issues
	12.3 Specifications and technical solutions for the achievement of high speeds
		12.3.1 Track geometry alignment characteristics
			12.3.1.1 Selection of horizontal alignment radii – case study
			12.3.1.2 Distance between track centres
			12.3.1.3 Longitudinal slopes
		12.3.2 Track superstructure components
		12.3.3 Civil engineering structures
			12.3.3.1 Tunnel traffic
			12.3.3.2 Passage under bridges
			12.3.3.3 Track fencing
			12.3.3.4 Noise barriers
			12.3.3.5 Handling aerodynamic effects in an ‘open’ track and on platforms
		12.3.4 Track systems
		12.3.5 Rolling stock
			12.3.5.1 Aerodynamic design of vehicles
			12.3.5.2 Design of bogies
			12.3.5.3 Braking system
			12.3.5.4 Vehicle design: construction
			12.3.5.5 Implementation cost
	12.4 Historical review and current situation of very high-speed networks and trains
	12.5 Interoperability issues
	References
Chapter 13 Tilting trains
	13.1 Definition and operating principle of tilting technology
	13.2 Tilting techniques and systems
		13.2.1 Passive tilting
		13.2.2 Active tilting
	13.3 Main constructional and operational characteristics of tilting trains
		13.3.1 Performances in terms of speed
		13.3.2 Tilting angle
		13.3.3 Track gauge
		13.3.4 Axle load
		13.3.5 Track superstructure
		13.3.6 Bogies’ technology
		13.3.7 Train formation
		13.3.8 Signalling
		13.3.9 Traction
		13.3.10 Cost of rolling stock supply
	13.4 Requirements for implementing the system
		13.4.1 Existing conventional-speed infrastructure
		13.4.2 New conventional-speed infrastructure
		13.4.3 New high-speed infrastructure
	13.5 Historic overview and present situation
	References
Chapter 14 Metric track gauge intercity railway networks
	14.1 Definition and description of the system
	14.2 Main constructional characteristics of intercity metric track gauge lines
		14.2.1 Track alignment: differences between tracks of metric and normal gauge
		14.2.2 Track superstructure
	14.3 Advantages and disadvantages of intercity metric gauge lines
		14.3.1 Advantages
		14.3.2 Disadvantages
	14.4 Requirements for implementing the system
	References
Chapter 15 Organisation and management of freight railway transport
	15.1 Provided services and classification of freight railway transportation systems
	15.2 Service level of freight railway transport: quality parameters
	15.3 Rolling stock for freight
	15.4 Scheduling of freight train services
	15.5 The trends in the domain of freight rail transportation
		15.5.1 Combined transport
		15.5.2 Mass transport
		15.5.3 Higher speeds
	15.6 The main dilemmas for railway companies in the domain of freight rail transportation
		15.6.1 Τhe ‘open’ issues
		15.6.2 Mixed traffic operation
			15.6.2.1 Description and justification of the problem
			15.6.2.2 Contribution towards solving the dilemma – investigation of the impact of traffic composition on the economic profitability of a railway system
		15.6.3 Transportation of dangerous goods
			15.6.3.1 Description and justification of the problem
			15.6.3.2 Contribution towards solving the dilemma
		15.6.4 Long or short trains
			15.6.4.1 Description and justification of the problem
			15.6.4.2 Contribution towards solving the dilemma
	References
Chapter 16 Heavy haul rail transport
	16.1 Definition and general description of the system
	16.2 The international market in heavy haul rail transport
	16.3 Differences between conventional and heavy haul freight railway networks
	16.4 Impacts of heavy haul rail operations and main design principles
		16.4.1 Selection of track infrastructure components
			16.4.1.1 Selection of the track’s alignment geometric characteristics
			16.4.1.2 Selection of rails
			16.4.1.3 Selection of the type of sleepers and the distances between them
			16.4.1.4 Selection and dimensioning of track bed layer features
			16.4.1.5 Construction principles of the formation layer
			16.4.1.6 Dimensioning of bridges
			16.4.1.7 Dimensioning of the signalling system
		16.4.2 Effects on the rolling stock
		16.4.3 Effects on the operation
	16.5 Economic efficiency of heavy haul rail transport
	References
Chapter 17 Operation of railway systems under specific weather conditions and natural phenomena
	17.1 Specific weather conditions/natural phenomena and the railway systems
	17.2 Specific weather conditions
		17.2.1 Strong crosswinds
			17.2.1.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
			17.2.1.2 Possible mitigation measures
		17.2.2 Frost/heavy snowfall
			17.2.2.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
			17.2.2.2 Possible mitigation measures
		17.2.3 High temperatures
			17.2.3.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
			17.2.3.2 Possible mitigation measures
	17.3 Natural phenomena
		17.3.1 Sandstorms
			17.3.1.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
			17.3.1.2 Possible mitigation measures
		17.3.2 Heavy leaf fall
			17.3.2.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
			17.3.2.2 Possible mitigation measures
		17.3.3 Earthquakes
			17.3.3.1 Interfaces with the railway system: impacts
			17.3.3.2 Possible mitigation measures
	References
Chapter 18 Railway safety
	18.1 Types of railway incidents and definition of railway safety
		18.1.1 Types of railway incidents
		18.1.2 Definition of railway safety
			18.1.2.1 Based on risk level
			18.1.2.2 Based on incident ‘indicators’
	18.2 Significance of safety in railway systems and differences in road safety
		18.2.1 Significance of safety in railway systems
		18.2.2 Distinctions between railway and road safety
	18.3 Classification of railway incidents
	18.4 Causes of railway incidents
	18.5 Safety in civil engineering structures
		18.5.1 Railway civil engineering structures and related incidents
		18.5.2 Safety at railway bridges
		18.5.3 Safety in railway tunnels
		18.5.4 Safety at road overpasses
		18.5.5 Safety on high embankments
		18.5.6 Safety in deep cuttings
		18.5.7 Safety in fencing
	18.6 Safety at railway stations
	18.7 Safety on the ‘open’ track
		18.7.1 Potential risks
		18.7.2 Safety measures
	18.8 Safety at RLCs
	18.9 The traffic moment of an RLC
	18.10 Correlation between the cost of interventions and the safety level improvement
		18.10.1 General approach
		18.10.2 The change in the value of accident indicators
		18.10.3 The change in the risk level
			18.10.3.1 Characterisation of the frequency of a particular incident
			18.10.3.2 Characterisation of the severity of a particular incident
		18.10.4 Case studies
			18.10.4.1 Individual passive RLC – conversion to active RLC
			18.10.4.2 Individual passive RLC – conversion to overpass
			18.10.4.3 Passive level crossings at railway network level
	References
Chapter 19 Railway and the natural environment
	19.1 Natural environment of the railway
	19.2 Energy consumption
		19.2.1 Definition: units expressing energy consumption
		19.2.2 Energy-consuming railway activities
		19.2.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.2.4 Measures for energy consumption reduction
	19.3 Air pollution
		19.3.1 Definition: units expressing air pollution
		19.3.2 Railway activities causing air pollution
		19.3.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.3.4 Measures for air pollution reduction
	19.4 Soil and water pollution
		19.4.1 Definition: measurement methods of soil and water pollution
		19.4.2 Railway activities causing soil pollution
		19.4.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.4.4 Countermeasures against the pollution of soil due to the presence of the railway
	19.5 Visual annoyance
		19.5.1 Definition: measurement methods of visual annoyance
		19.5.2 Railway activities causing visual annoyance
		19.5.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.5.4 Countermeasures against visual annoyance caused by the presence of the railway
	19.6 Integration of the track into the landscape
		19.6.1 Definition: measurement indices of integration
		19.6.2 Railway activities causing a change of landscape
		19.6.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.6.4 Measures for smooth integration of the railway into the landscape
	19.7 Ecosystem disturbance
		19.7.1 Definition: indices of expression of ecosystem disturbance
		19.7.2 Railway activities causing ecosystem disturbance
		19.7.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.7.4 Reduction measures of ecosystem disturbance
	19.8 Disturbance of local resident activities: access restriction and disruption of urban space
		19.8.1 Definition: measurement indices of disturbance on local resident activities
		19.8.2 Railway activities causing disturbance to local resident activities
		19.8.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.8.4 Measures for the reduction of disturbance caused to local residential activities due to the presence of railway infrastructure
	19.9 Acoustic annoyance
		19.9.1 Definition: units expressing acoustic annoyance
		19.9.2 Railway activities causing acoustic annoyance
		19.9.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.9.4 Countermeasures against acoustic annoyance
			19.9.4.1 The path of noise transmission
			19.9.4.2 The source of noise
	19.10 Ground-borne noise and vibrations
		19.10.1 Definition: measurement units of ground-borne noise and vibrations
		19.10.2 Railway activities causing and affecting ground-borne noise and vibrations
		19.10.3 Special features of each railway system category
		19.10.4 Countermeasures against vibrations and ground-borne noise
	19.11 Impacts on land use
	19.12 Comparative assessment of the impacts of various means of transport on the natural environment
		19.12.1 Methodology approach
		19.12.2 Long distances: comparison between the aeroplane and the high-speed train
		19.12.3 Urban transport: comparison of the metro, the tram, the urban bus, and the private car
		19.12.4 Very high-speed transport modes: comparisons of the aeroplane, the very high-speed train, and the magnetic levitation train
		19.12.5 Freight transport: comparison of freight trains and road trucks
	References
Chapter 20 The research in the railway domain: Cutting-edge technologies in railways
	20.1 The research in the railway domain in Europe
	20.2 Definition and classification of cutting-edge technologies
	20.3 Smart windows
	20.4 Laser railhead cleaner system
	20.5 Catenary-free power supply systems of tramways
		20.5.1 Ground-level power supply systems
			20.5.1.1 The APS system
			20.5.1.2 The TramWave system
			20.5.1.3 The PRIMOVE system
		20.5.2 Onboard energy storage systems
			20.5.2.1 Supercapacitor charging/ESS (supercapacitors or ultracapacitors)
	20.6 Automation of trains
		20.6.1 Definition and Grades of Automation
		20.6.2 Implementing automation
		20.6.3 The advantages and disadvantages of automation
	References
Chapter 21 Applicability verification: A supporting tool for the conduction of feasibility studies of urban mass railway transportation systems
	21.1 Applicability verification – definition and the need for its integration in urban railway project studies
	21.2 Applicability verification of a tramway line
		21.2.1 Individual required verifications
		21.2.2 Verification of track alignment and geometric integration
			21.2.2.1 Track alignment check
			21.2.2.2 Geometric integration check
		21.2.3 Applicability verification of operational efficiency
			21.2.3.1 Check of the commercial speed
			21.2.3.2 Check of the passenger transport volume
		21.2.4 Applicability verification of a tramway depot
			21.2.4.1 Check of the required and the available tramway ground plan area
			21.2.4.2 Check of the distance of the tramway depot from the tramway main network
			21.2.4.3 Check of the landscape
			21.2.4.4 Check of the ability to acquire the land and locating of the tramway depot
		21.2.5 Applicability verification of the implementation cost
		21.2.6 Applicability verification of the environmental impacts
			21.2.6.1 Check of noise pollution and vibrations
			21.2.6.2 Check of visual annoyance
	21.3 Applicability verification of a suburban line
		21.3.1 Individual required verifications
		21.3.2 Operation of suburban trains on existing infrastructure
			21.3.2.1 Applicability verification of constructional features of the railway infrastructure
			21.3.2.2 Applicability verification of the passenger transport volume
			21.3.2.3 Applicability verification of system operability
			21.3.2.4 Applicability verification of the station service level
			21.3.2.5 Applicability verification of the availability of the depot facilities
			21.3.2.6 Applicability verification of the environmental impacts
			21.3.2.7 Applicability verification of the implementation cost
		21.3.3 Operation of suburban trains on new infrastructure
			21.3.3.1 Applicability verification of the constructional features of the railway infrastructure
			21.3.3.2 Applicability verification of the passenger transport volume
			21.3.3.3 Applicability verification of the location, construction, and operation of the depot facilities
			21.3.3.4 Applicability verification of the environmental impacts
			21.3.3.5 Applicability verification of the implementation cost
	21.4 Applicability verification of a monorail line
	21.5 Applicability verification of a metro line
	References
Index