Radiotherapy in Skin Cancer: A Practical Guide on Indications and Techniques

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: General Principles of Skin Radiotherapy
	Chapter 1: Classification and Pathology of Common Cutaneous Malignancies
		Introduction
		Basal Cell Carcinoma
			Histological Types
			Low-Risk of Recurrence BCC
			High-Risk of Recurrence BCC
			Immunohistochemical Profile
			Predictive Parameters and Prognosis
		Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
			Risk Factors
			Clinical Presentation
			Histopathology and Histological Types
			Immunohistochemical Profile
			Predictive Parameters and Prognosis
			Pathological Staging
		Merkel Cell Carcinoma
			Clinical Presentation
			Histogenesis and Types
			Histopathology
			Immunohistochemical Profile
			Predictive Parameters and Pathological Staging
		Cutaneous Melanoma
			Histological Types
			Superficial Spreading Melanoma
			Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
			Nodular Melanoma
			Acral Melanoma
			Desmoplastic Melanoma
			Immunohistochemical Profile
			Predictive Parameters and Pathological Staging
		Other Cutaneous Malignancies
			Malignant Appendageal Tumor
			Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma
			Malignant Cutaneous Soft Tissue Tumor
		References
	Chapter 2: Basic Medical Physics
		Superficial and Orthovoltage Radiotherapy (SXRT/DXRT)
		Interaction of Low-Energy Photons with Matter: Photoelectric Effect
		Energy and Atomic Number Dependence
		Half-Value Layer
		Percent Depth Doses
		Effect of f-Factor in Superficial/Orthovoltage Treatments
		Field Defining Cutouts and Internal Shields
		Surface Heterogeneities: Stand-Off and Stand-In Corrections
		Superficial/Orthovoltage Dose Calculation
		Electron Beam RT
		Electron Percent Depth Dose
		Bolus
		Electron Field Shaping
		Electron Backscatter
		Effect of Treatment Field Size
		Isodose Profile Characteristics
		Effect of Inhomogeneities
		Effects of Beam Obliquity
		Electron Dose Calculation
		References
	Chapter 3: Skin Radiotherapy Treatment Planning
		General Considerations
			Patient Selection
			Tumor Factors
		Steps Involved in Treatment Planning
			Target Volume Definition
				Gross Tumor Volume (GTV)
				Clinical Target Volume (CTV)
				Planning Target Volume (PTV)
			Selection of RT Technique
			Superficial or Orthovoltage Irradiation
			Electron Beam Therapy
			Planning Considerations for Electron Beam Therapy
			Treatment Scheme
		References
	Chapter 4: Dose Fractionation in Skin Radiotherapy
		Standard Once-a-Day Fractionations
		Nonstandard Fractionations
			One Single Dose
			Non-daily Fractions
		Specific Clinical Considerations in Radiotherapy of Skin Cancers
			The Issue of Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) and f-Factor of Orthovoltage X-rays Versus Electrons or Megavoltage X-rays
			f-Factor for Bone and Cartilage for Superficial or Orthovoltage X-rays
			Adjuvant Dose Fractionation
			Melanomas
		References
Part II: Site-Specific Indications and Techniques
	Chapter 5: Nasal Skin
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
		Dose
		Treatment-related Side Effects
		Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 6: Scalp
		Introduction
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Adjuvant
		Definitive
		Palliative
		Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
				Local Treatment
				Palliative
			Dose
				Adjuvant
				Definitive
				Palliative
		Treatment-Related Side Effects
		Outcomes
		Follow-Up
		References
	Chapter 7: Eyelid
		Anatomy and Histology of the Eyelid as Relevant to RT
		Indications for Radiotherapy and Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
			The Eyelid as an RT Organ at Risk (OAR)
		Dose
		Treatment-Related Side Effects
			Acute Effects
			Late Effects
		References
	Chapter 8: Lip
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
			Treatment Set-Up and Field Arrangement
			Elective Nodal Irradiation
		Dose
		Treatment-Related Side Effects
		Palliative Radiotherapy
		Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 9: Ear
		Introduction
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
		Dose
		Treatment-Related Side Effects and Management
		Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 10: Extremities
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Radiotherapy Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
		Dose
		Treatment-Related Side Effects
		Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 11: Primary Melanoma and Lentigo Maligna
		Indications for Radiotherapy
			Primary Melanoma
			Desmoplastic Melanoma
			Lentigo Maligna
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
		Dose Fractionation
			Desmoplastic Melanoma
			Lentigo Maligna
			Palliative Radiotherapy
		Treatment-Related Side Effects
		References
	Chapter 12: Merkel Cell Carcinoma
		Indications for Radiotherapy
			Adjuvant (Primary Site)
			Adjuvant (Regional)
			Definitive
			Palliative
		Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
				Local Treatment
				Regional Treatment
				Palliative
		Dose
			Adjuvant
			Definitive
			Palliative
		Treatment-Related Side Effects
		Outcomes
		Follow-Up
		References
	Chapter 13: Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas
		Introduction
			Classification
			Epidemiology
			Workup
		Primary Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
		Examples of Mycosis Fungoides Treatment
		Primary Cutaneous B Cell Lymphomas
		Indications for Radiotherapy
			Treatment Planning
			Dose
		Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 14: Regional Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
		Indications for RT
			Adjuvant Nodal RT
			Definitive RT
			Elective Nodal Radiotherapy
		Treatment Strategy/Approach
		Treatment Planning
		Dose
		Regional Radiotherapy in Non-head and Neck Region
		Treatment-Related Toxicity and Management
		Outcomes
		References
Part III: Brachytherapy for Skin Cancer
	Chapter 15: Skin Brachytherapy: Overview
		Introduction
		Indications for BT
		Treatment Strategy/Approach
			Treatment Margins
		Treatment Planning and Dose
		Outcomes
		References
Part IV: Miscellaneous
	Chapter 16: Benign Skin Tumors
		Keloid Scars
			Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
			Dose
			Treatment-related Side Effects
			Outcomes
		Keratoacanthoma
			Indications for Radiotherapy
			Treatment Planning
				Target Volume
				Dose
			Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 17: Malignant Adnexal Tumors of Skin (MATS)
		Indications for Radiotherapy
		Treatment Approach
		Treatment Planning
			Target Volume
		Dose
		Treatment-related Side Effects
		Outcomes
		Follow-Up
		References
Index