Radiative Heat Transfer

Cover
Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition
List of Symbols
Chapter - 1 - Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 The Nature of Thermal Radiation
	1.3 Basic Laws of Thermal Radiation
	1.4 Emissive Power
	1.5 Solid Angles
	1.6 Radiative Intensity
	1.7 Radiative Heat Flux
	1.8 Radiation Pressure
	1.9 Visible Radiation (Luminance)
	1.10 Radiative Intensity in Vacuum
	1.11 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Surfaces
	1.12 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Gases
	1.13 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Solids and Liquids
	1.14 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Particles
	1.15 The Radiative Transfer Equation
	1.16 Outline of Radiative Transport Theory
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 2 - Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations
	2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media
	2.4 Polarization
	2.5 Reflection and Transmission
	2.6 Theories for Optical Constants
	Problems
	References
Chapter -3 - Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Definitions
	3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory
	3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals
	3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors
	3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness
	3.7 Effects of Surface Damage, Oxide Films, and Dust
	3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets
	3.9 Special Surfaces
	3.10 Earth’s Surface Properties and Climate Change
	3.11 Experimental Methods
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 4 - View Factors
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Definition of View Factors
	4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of ViewFactors
	4.4 Area Integration
	4.5 Contour Integration
	4.6 View Factor Algebra
	4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method
	4.8 The Inside Sphere Method
	4.9 The Unit Sphere Method
	4.10 View Factor Between Arbitrary Planar Polygons
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 5 - Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces
	5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces (Net Radiation Method)
	5.4 Electrical Network Analogy
	5.5 Radiation Shields
	5.6 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 6 - Radiative Exchange Between Nondiffuse and Nongray Surfaces
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Enclosures with Partially Specular Surfaces
	6.3 Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Partially Specular Surfaces
	6.4 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows)
	6.5 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces
	6.6 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces
	6.7 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 7 - The Monte Carlo Method for Surface Exchange
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Numerical Quadrature by Monte Carlo
	7.3 Heat Transfer Relations for Radiative Exchange Between Surfaces
	7.4 Surface Description
	7.5 Random Number Relations for Surface Exchange
	7.6 Ray Tracing
	7.7 Efficiency Considerations
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 8 - Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Challenges in Coupling Surface-to-Surface Radiation with Conduction/Convection
	8.3 Coupling Procedures
	8.4 Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient
	8.5 Conduction and Surface Radiation—Fins
	8.6 Convection and Surface Radiation—Tube Flow
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 9 - The Radiative Transfer Equation in Participating Media (RTE)
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Attenuation by Absorption and Scattering
	9.3 Augmentation by Emission and Scattering
	9.4 The Radiative Transfer Equation
	9.5 Formal Solution to the Radiative Transfer Equation
	9.6 Boundary Conditions for the Radiative Transfer Equation
	9.7 RTE for a Medium with Graded Refractive Index
	9.8 Radiation Energy Density
	9.9 Radiative Heat Flux
	9.10 Divergence of the Radiative Heat Flux
	9.11 Integral Formulation of the Radiative Transfer Equation
	9.12 Overall Energy Conservation
	9.13 Solution Methods for the Radiative Transfer Equation
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 10 - Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases
	10.1 Fundamental Principles
	10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities
	10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra
	10.4 Line Radiation
	10.5 Nonequilibrium Radiation
	10.6 High-Resolution Spectroscopic Databases
	10.7 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations
	10.8 Narrow Band Models
	10.9 Narrow Band k-Distributions
	10.10 Wide Band Models
	10.11 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient
	10.12 Gas Properties of Earth’s Atmosphere and Climate Change
	10.13 Experimental Methods
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 11 - Radiative Properties of Particulate Media
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere
	11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud
	11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering)
	11.5 Rayleigh–Gans Scattering
	11.6 Anomalous Diffraction
	11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres
	11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders
	11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions
	11.10 Radiative Properties of Irregular Particles and Aggregates
	11.11 Radiative Properties of Combustion Particles
	11.12 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 12 - Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Absorption by Semitransparent Solids
	12.3 Absorption by Semitransparent Liquids
	12.4 Radiative Properties of Porous Solids
	12.5 Experimental Methods
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 13 - Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium
	13.3 Plane Layer of a Nonscattering Medium
	13.4 Plane Layer of a Scattering Medium
	13.5 Plane Layer of a Graded Index Medium
	13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media
	13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media
	13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 14 - Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media
	14.1 The Optically Thin Approximation
	14.2 The Optically Thick Approximation (Diffusion Approximation)
	14.3 The Schuster–Schwarzschild Approximation
	14.4 The Milne–Eddington Approximation (Moment Method)
	14.5 The Exponential Kernel Approximation
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 15 - The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation)
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 General Formulation of the PN-Approximation
	15.3 The PN-Approximation for a One-Dimensional Slab
	15.4 Boundary Conditions for the PN-Method
	15.5 The P1-Approximation
	15.6 P3- and Higher-Order Approximations
	15.7 Simplified PN-Approximation
	15.8 Other Methods Based on the P1-Approximation
	15.9 Comparison of Methods
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 16 - The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SN-Approximation)
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 General Relations
	16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab
	16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders
	16.5 Multidimensional Problems
	16.6 The Finite Angle Method (FAM)
	16.7 The Modified Discrete Ordinates Method
	16.8 Even-Parity Formulation
	16.9 Other Related Methods
	16.10 Concluding Remarks
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 17 - The Zonal Method
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Surface Exchange —No Participating Medium
	17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media
	17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering
	17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium
	17.6 Accuracy and Efficiency Considerations
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 18 - Collimated Irradiation and Transient Phenomena
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Reduction of the Problem
	18.3 The Modified P1-Approximation with Collimated Irradiation
	18.4 Short-Pulsed Collimated Irradiation with Transient Effects
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 19 - Solution Methods for Nongray Extinction Coefficients
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method
	19.3 Semigray Approximations
	19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model)
	19.5 General Band Model Formulation
	19.6 TheWeighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model
	19.7 The Spectral-Line-Based Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (SLW) Model
	19.8 Outline of k-Distribution Models
	19.9 The Narrow Band and Wide Band k-Distribution Methods
	19.10 The Full Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method for Homogeneous Media
	19.11 The FSK and SLW Methods for Nonhomogeneous Media
	19.12 Evaluation of k-Distributions and ALBDFs
	19.13 Higher Order k-Distribution Methods
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 20 - The Monte Carlo Method for Participating Media
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media
	20.3 Random Number Relations for Participating Media
	20.4 Treatment of Spectral Line Structure Effects
	20.5 Overall Energy Conservation
	20.6 Discrete Particle Fields
	20.7 Backward Monte Carlo
	20.8 Efficiency/Accuracy Considerations
	20.9 Media with Variable Refractive Index
	20.10 Example Problems
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 21 - Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction
	21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation
	21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection
	21.5 General Formulations for Coupling
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 22 - Radiation in Chemically Reacting Systems
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Coupling Considerations
	22.3 Combined Radiation and Laminar Combustion
	22.4 Combined Radiation and Turbulent Combustion
	22.5 Comparison of RTE Solvers for Reacting Systems
	22.6 Radiation in Concentrating Solar Energy Systems
	References
Chapter - 23 - Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Solution Methods
	23.3 Regularization
	23.4 Gradient-Based Optimization
	23.5 Metaheuristics
	23.6 Summary of Inverse Radiation Research
	Problems
	References
Chapter - 24 - Nanoscale Radiative Transfer
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Coherence of Light
	24.3 Evanescent Waves
	24.4 Radiation Tunneling
	24.5 SurfaceWaves (Polaritons)
	24.6 Fluctuational Electrodynamics
	24.7 Heat Transfer Between Parallel Plates
	24.8 Experiments on Nanoscale Radiation
	24.9 Applications
	Problems
	References
A. Constants and Conversion Factors
B. Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces
	References
C. Blackbody Emissive Power Table
D. View Factor Catalogue
	References
E. Exponential Integral Functions
	References
F. Computer Codes
	References
Author Index
Index