Radiation Physics of Metals and Its Applications

RADIATION PHYSICS OF METALS AND ITS APPLICATIONS......Page 1
Half-title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
About the Authors......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
1.1. Introduction......Page 14
1.2. Formation of Primary Radiation Defects......Page 15
1.3. Interaction of Interstitials with Each Other and with Solute Atoms......Page 24
1.4. Interaction of Vacancies with Each Other and with Solute Atoms......Page 33
References......Page 36
2.2. Diffusion in Pure Metals and Alloys by the Interstitial Dumbbell Mechanism......Page 38
2.3. Diffusion of Solute Substitutional Atoms by the Vacancy Mechanism......Page 47
References......Page 51
3.1. Introduction......Page 52
3.2. The Stages of Recovery of Structure-Sensitive Properties in Irradiated Metallic Materials......Page 53
3.3. The Buildup of Radiation Defects during Irradiation in the Vicinity of Absolute Zero......Page 55
3.4. Main Equations of Formation and Thermal Annealing of Point Defects during Irradiation......Page 57
3.5. Characteristic Temperature Ranges of Radiation Damage in Formation and Thermally Activated Annealing of Non-Correlated Point Defects......Page 61
3.6. Kinetics of Buildup of Radiation Defects during the Formation of Complexes with Solute Atoms......Page 64
3.7. The Formation and Growth of Clusters and Dislocation Loops in Pure Metals and Solid Solutions in Irradiation......Page 72
3.7.1 Theory of the Size Distribution of Clusters and Dislocation Loops of the Interstitial Type and Its Application for Analysis of the Experimental Data......Page 78
3.7.2. The Kinetics of Buildup of Interstitials and Vacancies in Pure Metals and Solid Solutions during the Formation and Growth of Dislocation Loops......Page 84
3.8. Formation and Growth of Voids in Pure Metals and Alloys under Irradiation......Page 96
3.8.1. Nucleation of Voids in Alloys......Page 99
3.8.2. Growth of Voids in Alloys......Page 112
References......Page 123
4.1. Introduction......Page 128
4.2. Radiation-Enhanced Diffusion......Page 129
4.2.1. The Mechanisms of Radiation-Enhanced Interdiffusion......Page 130
4.2.2. Radiation-Enhanced Diffusion of Solutes and Interdiffusion......Page 135
4.2.3. The Experimental Data for Radiation-Enhanced Diffusion, Their Analysis and Interpretation......Page 138
4.3.1. Ordering......Page 148
4.3.2. Short-Range Clustering and Breakdown of Supersaturated Solid Solutions......Page 151
4.4. Phase Instability of Metallic Materials under Irradiation......Page 158
4.4.1.1. The Mechanisms of Instability of Under-Saturated Solid Solutions......Page 159
4.4.1.2. Analyses of the Experimental Data......Page 163
4.4.3. Phase Instability, Determined by Dynamic Radiation Defects......Page 168
4.4.4. Phase Instability Caused by Transmutation Effects in Nuclear Reactions......Page 170
4.5. Coalescence......Page 172
4.6.1. Low-Alloy Ferritic Steels......Page 173
4.6.2. Bainitic, Martensitic and Ferritic–Martensitic Steels......Page 174
4.6.3. Austenitic Steels......Page 179
4.6.3.1. Austenitic Cr–Ni Steels......Page 180
4.6.3.2. Austenitic Chromium–Manganese Steels......Page 188
4.6.4. Vanadium-Based Alloys......Page 192
References......Page 198
5.1 Introduction......Page 207
5.2. Main Directions and Problems of Development of Reduced-Activation Materials......Page 209
References......Page 227
6.1. Introduction......Page 229
6.2.1.1. Pure Metals and Diluted Solid Solutions......Page 230
6.2.1.2. Aluminium-Based Alloys......Page 245
6.2.1.3. Ferritic Steels......Page 250
6.2.1.4. Austenitic Steels......Page 261
6.2.1.5. Vanadium-Based Alloys......Page 271
6.2.2.1. Radiation Hardening......Page 278
6.2.2.2. Radiation Embrittlement......Page 296
6.2.3. Irradiation Creep......Page 305
6.2.3.1. Experimental Data......Page 306
6.2.3.2. The Mechanism of Irradiation Creep......Page 317
6.3 Swelling......Page 335
6.3.1. Austenitic Chromium–Nickel Steels......Page 337
6.3.2. Austenitic Chromium–Manganese Steels......Page 347
6.3.3. Ferritic Steels......Page 351
6.3.4. Vanadium-Based Alloys......Page 352
References......Page 355
Index......Page 366