Question-orientedness and the Semantics of Clausal Complementation (Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 106)

Preface
	Historical Context
	Overview of the Chapters
	Overlap with Existing Works
	Acknowledgments
	References
Contents
1 Knowing: The Initial Puzzle
	1.1 The Puzzle of Responsive Predicates
	1.2 Arguments Against the Idiosyncratic Ambiguity Theory
	1.3 Proposition-Oriented Semantics + Reduction
	1.4 Question-Oriented Semantics + Trivial Questions
	1.5 Initial Comparison
		1.5.1 Occam\'s Razor
		1.5.2 Independent Arguments for Complement Uniformity
	1.6 Uniform vs. Eclectic Theories
		1.6.1 Picky Predicates: A Prima Facie Problem for the Uniform Theories
		1.6.2 Conceptual Challenges for Eclectic Theories
			1.6.2.1 Correlation Between Lexical Semantics and Selection
			1.6.2.2 Cross-Linguistic Stability in Selection
		1.6.3 Explaining the Selectional Restrictions Within the Uniform Theories
	1.7 Chapter Summary
	References
2 Theoretical Framework and the Baseline Analysis of Interrogative Complements
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The Semantic Framework
		2.2.1 The Semantic Metalanguage and Model-Theoretic Interpretation
		2.2.2 Type-Driven Compositional Interpretation
		2.2.3 Interpretation of Variables and Predicate Abstraction
		2.2.4 Presuppositions
	2.3 The Semantic Theory of Questions
		2.3.1 Three Representations for Question Meanings
		2.3.2 Relationship Between the Three Representations
		2.3.3 Motivation for the Proposition-Set Representation
	2.4 Issues on Answerhood: Exhaustivity, Uniqueness/Existential Presupposition and Veridicality
		2.4.1 Weakly-Exhaustive and Strongly-Exhaustive Answerhood
		2.4.2 The Existential/Uniqueness Presupposition and Dayal (1996)
		2.4.3 Mention-Some and Re-evaluation of the Source of the UP/EP
			2.4.3.1 Semantic and Pragmatic Approaches to Mention-Some
			2.4.3.2 The George/Fox Challenge and Weak Maximality
			2.4.3.3 The Local-Triggering Analysis of UP/EP
		2.4.4 Exhaustivity Neutrality
		2.4.5 Non-veridicality and Spector and Egré (2015)
		2.4.6 Section Summary
	2.5 Reformulating the Theories in Chap. 1
		2.5.1 Proposition-Oriented Theory
		2.5.2 Question-Oriented Theory
	2.6 The Internal Composition of Interrogative Complements
	2.7 Chapter Summary
	References
3 Wondering: A Clear Case of Question-Orientation?
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Rogative Predicates
	3.3 Question-Oriented Semantics for Rogative Predicates
		3.3.1 A Question-Oriented Semantics for Wonder
		3.3.2 The Selectional Restriction of Wonder
		3.3.3 A Question-Oriented Semantics for Ask
	3.4 Proposition-Oriented Semantics for Rogative Predicates
		3.4.1 A Proposition-Oriented Semantics for Wonder
		3.4.2 The Selectional Restriction of Wonder
		3.4.3 Local Accommodation
		3.4.4 Wonder vs. Want to Know
		3.4.5 Conceptual Problems with the Decompositional Proposition-Oriented Analysis
			3.4.5.1 Problems with the LessInq-Relation
			3.4.5.2 Incompatibility with the Compositional Implementation of the Proposition-Oriented Theory
	3.5 Chapter Summary
	References
4 Caring: Question Orientation in Responsive Predicates
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Q-to-P Entailment
	4.3 Q-to-P Non-entailing Predicates
		4.3.1 English Predicates of Relevance
		4.3.2 Estonian Contemplative Predicates
		4.3.3 Japanese Sentence-Final Particles Daroo and Na
	4.4 Analysis Under the Question-Oriented Theory
		4.4.1 Predicates of Relevance
		4.4.2 Estonian Contemplative Predicates
		4.4.3 Japanese Sentence-Final Particles
	4.5 Chapter Summary
	References
5 Knowing, Again: Non-reducibility of Responsive Predicates
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Reducibility
	5.3 Non-reducible Predicates
		5.3.1 Know
			5.3.1.1 False-Answer Sensitivity in Addition to Weak Exhaustivity
			5.3.1.2 Presuppositional Status of FAS and the Proportional Reading
			5.3.1.3 False-Answer Sensitivity in Addition to Mention-Some
			5.3.1.4 False-Answer Sensitivity and Non-reducibility
		5.3.2 Agree
		5.3.3 Surprise
	5.4 Proposition-Oriented Analysis of Non-reducible Predicates
		5.4.1 Exhaustification
			5.4.1.1 5:klinedinst-rothschild11\'s (5:klinedinst-rothschild11) Exhaustification-Based Analysis for the FAS of Non-factive Predicates
			5.4.1.2 Extension of the Exhaustification-Based Analysis to Factive Predicates
			5.4.1.3 Problem 1: Surprise and Presuppositional False-Answer Sensitivity
			5.4.1.4 Problem 2: Xiang\'s Challenge Based on Disjunctive False Answers
		5.4.2 A Trivalent Analysis
			5.4.2.1 5:Fox:20tri
			5.4.2.2 Problem: Non-presuppositional Status of FAS
		5.4.3 Section Summary
	5.5 Question-Oriented Analysis of Non-reducible Predicates
	5.6 Chapter Summary
	References
6 Hoping: Predicates that Hate Questions
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 The Challenges Posed by Anti-Rogative Predicates
	6.3 Question-Oriented Analyses of Anti-Rogative Predicates
		6.3.1 Neg-Raising Predicates and Anti-Rogativity
		6.3.2 Prospects for the Question-Oriented Analysis of Non-Neg-Raising anti-rogatives
	6.4 Preferential Predicates and Their Selectional Properties
		6.4.1 6:white2021\'s (6:white2021) Data
		6.4.2 Focus Sensitivity
		6.4.3 Infinitival Complements
	6.5 Why Veridicality Matters for Preferential Predicates
		6.5.1 A Question-Oriented Analysis of Non-Preferential Predicates
		6.5.2 Degree-Based Semantics for Preferential Predicates
		6.5.3 The Semantics of Non-Veridical Preferential Predicates
		6.5.4 Deriving the Anti-Rogativity of Non-Veridical Preferentials
		6.5.5 Motivations for Threshold Significance
	6.6 Hope-Whether and Fear-Wh
		6.6.1 Hope and Highlighting
		6.6.2 Fear and Negative Preferences
	6.7 Chapter Summary
	References
7 Thinking About: Clausal Complements as Predicates?
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Proposition-Orientation and Question-Orientation in the Predicative View
		7.2.1 An Event-Based Implementation of the Predicative View
		7.2.2 Interrogative Complements in the Predicative View
			7.2.2.1 The Predicative Proposition-Oriented Theory
			7.2.2.2 The Predicative Question-Oriented Theory
		7.2.3 Comparing Proposition-Orientation and Question-Orientation Within the Predicative View
	7.3 About and the Need for an Argument-Based Analysis
		7.3.1 The Issue of About
		7.3.2 7:rawlins2013-Style Analysis of About
		7.3.3 About-PP as a True Complement
		7.3.4 Obligatory Transitivity
	7.4 Chapter Summary
	References
8 *Shknowing: Constraints on the Semantics of Clause-Embedding Predicates
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Existing Proposals
		8.2.1 Verdical Uniformity
			8.2.1.1 Definitions and Illustration
			8.2.1.2 Problematic Cases
		8.2.2 Clausal Distributivity
			8.2.2.1 Definitions and Illustration
			8.2.2.2 Problematic Cases
		8.2.3 Strawson C-Distributivity
			8.2.3.1 Definition and Illustration
			8.2.3.2 Problematic Cases
		8.2.4 Interim Summary
	8.3 A New Constraint: P-to-Q Entailment
		8.3.1 Attested Predicates Satisfying the Property
			8.3.1.1 Predicates of Relevance
			8.3.1.2 Japanese Sentence-Final Particles
			8.3.1.3 Mõtlema
			8.3.1.4 Wonder
			8.3.1.5 False-Answer Sensitivity of know
		8.3.2 Non-attested Predicates
	8.4 Potential Counterexamples
		8.4.1 Communication Predicates
		8.4.2 Buryat hanaxa and Turkish bil
		8.4.3 Tagalog magtaka
		8.4.4 English explain
	8.5 Chapter Summary and Remarks on the why Question
	References
9 Conclusions
	References