Quantum Computing with Silq Programming: Get up and running with the new high-level programming language for quantum computing

Cover
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Dedication
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: Essential Background and Introduction to Quantum Computing
Chapter 1: Essential Mathematics and Algorithmic Thinking
	Introducing linear algebra for quantum computing
		Vectors and vector spaces
		Inner products and norms
		Matrices and their operations
		The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an operator
		Tensor products
	Coordinate systems, complex numbers, and probability
		Introducing coordinate systems
		Complex numbers and the complex plane
		Probability
	Defining computational thinking
		Decomposition
		Pattern recognition
		Data representation and abstraction
	Introducing computer algorithms
		Defining an algorithm
		The linear search algorithm
	The calculation of the time and space complexity of algorithms
		Time and space complexity
		Notation for time and space complexity
		Calculation and analysis of the complexity of algorithms
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 2: Quantum Bits, Quantum Measurements, and Quantum Logic Gates
	Introducing single quantum bits – qubits and superposition of qubits
		Learning about the Bra-Ket notation for qubits
		Superposition of qubits
	Illustrating qubits in different bases
		Bloch sphere representation of qubits
		The Z basis states — |0> and |1>
		The X basis states —  and 
		The Y basis states –  and 
	Introducing quantum measurements
		Mathematics of projective measurements
	Quantum logic gates
		Pauli gates
		The Hadamard gate – the quantum H gate
		The S gate
		The S (S dagger) gate
		The T gate –  gate
		The T (T dagger) gate
		The  gate
		The  gate
		The  gate
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 3: Multiple Quantum Bits, Entanglement, and Quantum Circuits
	Introducing multiple quantum bits
	The wonder of quantum entanglement
		Exploring the Bell states system
		Verifying entanglement of quantum states
	Exploring multi-qubit quantum logic gates
		The quantum CX or CNOT gate
		The quantum CZ or CPHASE gate
		The quantum SWAP gate
		The quantum CCX or CCNOT gate – Toffoli gate
		The quantum CSWAP gate – Fredkin gate
	Quantum teleportation
	Quantum superdense coding
	Summary
Chapter 4: Physical Realization of a Quantum Computer
	Criteria for quantum computation existence
		Depicting quantum information
		Unitary transformation capability
		Reference initial quantum states preparation
		Output measurement capability
	Superconducting qubit-based quantum computers
		Superconducting qubits
		NISQ era
	Quantum annealing-based quantum computers
	Ion-trap quantum computers
	Nuclear magnetic resonance
	Optical photonics-based quantum computers
	Summary
	Further reading
Section 2: Challenges in Quantum Programming and Silq Programming
Chapter 5: Challenges in Quantum Computer Programming
	A brief history of classical computers
	The challenges of today's classical computers
	Understanding the assembly language
	HLLs for classical computers
	Low-level circuit programming of quantum computers
	Introducing quantum programming languages
		The IBM Qiskit quantum programming language
		The Microsoft Q# quantum programming language
		The Google Cirq quantum programming language
	The challenges of quantum programming
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 6: Silq Programming Basics and Features
	Technical requirements
	Introducing Silq and its special features
		Introducing Silq
	Installing Silq
		Installing Microsoft Visual Studio Code
		Installing the Silq plugin
	Introducing Silq data types
	Defining variables in Silq
	Control flow in Silq
	Functions and iterations in Silq
	Introducing Silq annotations
		Introducing classical type annotations – !
		The qfree annotation
		The mfree annotation
		The const annotation
		The lifted annotation
	Simple example programs using Silq
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 7: Programming Multiple-Qubit Quantum Circuits with Silq
	Technical requirements
	Exploring multi-qubit quantum logic gates in Silq
		The quantum CX or CNOT gate
		The quantum CZ or CPHASE gate
		The quantum SWAP gate
		The quantum CCX or CCNOT gate – the Toffoli gate
		The quantum CSWAP gate – the Fredkin gate
	Constructing quantum circuits with quantum logic gates using Silq
		Implementing Bell states in Silq
		Decomposing the CX gate
		Implementing the GHZ state using Silq
		Implementing a classical half adder circuit in Silq
	Quantum teleportation
	Quantum superdense coding
	Summary
Section 3: Quantum Algorithms Using Silq Programming
Chapter 8: Quantum Algorithms I – Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani
	Technical requirements
	Introducing quantum parallelism and interference
		Quantum parallelism
		Quantum interference
	Implementing the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm
		Problem statement
		Classical solution
		Quantum solution
		Silq implementation
		Designing a more concise version of the algorithm
	Implementing the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm
		Problem statement
		Classical solution
		Quantum solution
		Silq implementation
	Summary
Chapter 9: Quantum Algorithms II – Grover's Search Algorithm and Simon's Algorithm
	Technical requirements
	Introducing search algorithms
	Getting started with Grover's search algorithm
	Grover's search for one solution using Silq programming
	Grover's search for multiple solutions using Silq programming
		Mathematical treatment of Grover's search for multiple solutions
		Silq implementation of Grover's search for multiple solutions
	Grover's search for an unknown number of solutions using Silq programming
		Silq implementation of Grover's search for an unknown number of solutions
	Introducing Simon's algorithm
		The Silq implementation of Simon's algorithm
	Summary
	Further reading
Chapter 10: Quantum Algorithms III – Quantum Fourier Transform and Phase Estimation
	Technical requirements
	Introducing the classical Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
	Exploring the QFT
	Implementing the QFT using Silq
	Getting started with the phase estimation algorithm
	Implementing phase estimation using Silq
	Summary
	Further reading
Section 4: Applications of Quantum Computing
Chapter 11: Quantum Error Correction
	Technical requirements
	Introducing classical error correction technique
		Redundancy and majority vote
		Linear codes
	Understanding quantum error correction
		Working with bit-flip code
		Working with phase-flip code
		Working with Shor code
	Summary
Chapter 12: Quantum Cryptography – Quantum Key Distribution
	Technical requirements
	Introducing classical cryptography techniques
		The basics of cryptography
		Overviewing the main types of encryption algorithms
	Understanding quantum key distribution
		Describing the quantum key distribution protocol
		Implementing the quantum key distribution in Silq
	Summary
Chapter 13: Quantum Machine Learning
	Introducing classical machine learning
		Types of learning
		The K-means clustering algorithm
		Artificial neural networks
		Kernel support vector machines (SVMs)
	Getting started with quantum machine learning
		Encoding classical data into a quantum state
		Kernel-based quantum machine learning models
	Learning about the quantum K-means algorithm
	Exploring variational circuits
		Variational quantum classifier (VQC)
		Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE)
		Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)
	The latest developments in the field of quantum machine learning and quantum computing
	Summary
	Further reading
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