Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health: Innovative and Collaborative Approaches

Foreword
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Introduction: Qualitative Research in Mental Health—Innovation and Collaboration
	Introduction
	The Tradition of Qualitative Research in Mental Health (QRMH) Conferences
	The Transdisciplinary Field of Mental Health
	Mental Health as a Global Challenge
	Giving Voice—The Inside and Outside
	Power Issues and Ethical Considerations
	Accumulating Knowledge
	Understanding Systems on Different Levels and Feeding Knowledge Back
	The Book Structure
	References
Part I Illustrating Innovation in Qualitative Mental Health Research
2 Psychiatrists’ Perceptions of Schizophrenia and Its Recovery: A Thematic Analysis
	Introduction
	The Complexity Involved in Capturing Schizophrenia
	Competing Viewpoints on the Recovery of Schizophrenia
	The Research Questions
	Methodology
		Epistemological Orientation
	The Research Design
	Thematic Analysis
	Findings and Discussion
	Perceptions of Schizophrenia
	Perceptions of Recovery
	Implications for Clinical Practice
	Limitations of the Study and Recommendations for Future Research
	Conclusion
	Appendix
		Appendix A: Revised Interview Guide
	References
3 Approaching Psychotherapy Case Studies in a Metasynthesis: Deficit vs. Conflict in Treatment of Medically Unexplained Symptoms
	Introduction
		Aggregative vs. Interpretative Approaches in Metasynthesis
		Choosing the Research Question: Process vs. Effectiveness
		Incorporating Theory-Building into the Research Question: The Concepts of Deficit and Conflict in Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Medically Unexplained Symptoms
	Method
		The Single Case Archive
		Purposive vs Exhaustive Sampling Strategy
		Intensity Sampling
		Maximum Variation Sampling
		Data Analysis: Critical Realism as Epistemological Position
		Data Analysis: Case Level as Primary Level of Analysis; Creating Process Themes
	Results
		Disconfirmatory Findings as Facilitators of Theory-Building: Deficit, Conflict and Trauma
	Discussion
	Appendix A: List of Selected Studies with Characteristics of Patients
	References
4 Walking Interviews: A Novel Way of Ensuring the Voices of Vulnerable Populations Are Included in Research
	Introduction
	Transitioning from Hospital to the Community
	The Walking Interview
		Go-Along Interview
		Bimbling Interview
		Participatory Walking Interview
	The Advantages of the Walking Interview
	The Research Project
	The Walking Interviews in Action
		Participant A
		Participant B
		Participant C
		Participant D
	Considerations When Completing Walking Interviews
	Conclusion
	References
5 Using Researcher Reflexivity and Multiple Methods to Study the Experience of Cancer-Related Distress
	Introduction
	The Experience of Being Positioned Within Dominant Cancer Discourses: An Autoethnographic Exploration
	Autoethnography
		Theme 1: ‘The Hard Work Involved in the Struggle for Meaning’
		Theme 2: ‘Constructions of Death as Unacceptable’
		Theme 3: ‘Constructions of Cancer as the Product of Risky Behaviour’
		Theme 4: ‘Foregrounding the Biochemical Processes Associated with Cancer’
	Mapping the Language of Cancer: An Analysis of Cancer Discourse
	Discourse Analysis
	Living-with-Dying: A Phenomenological Study of the Experience of Living with Advanced Cancer
	Hermeneutic Phenomenology
		Theme 1: The Challenge of Having to Engage with Death Awareness as Something That Cannot Be Sidestepped
		Theme 2: A Changed Relationship with Time
	Integrating the Results from Qualitative Studies of Patients’ Experience of Living with Terminal Cancer: A Metasynthesis
	Metasynthesis
	Conclusion
	References
Part II Applying Qualitative Methods in Collaborative Research Projects
6 Listening for What Is Not Being Said: Using Discourse Analytic Approaches in Mental Health Research
	Introduction
		Accounting for the Not-Said
	Study One: Silencing Aspects of Experience in the Service of Constructing Professional Identity
		Analytic Procedure
		Results
		Discussion
	Study Two: Dominant Discourses and the Construction of a Mentally Disordered Identity
		Analytic Procedure
		Results
		Discussion
	Study Three: Sanitising Bodily Processes
		Analytic Procedure
		Results
		Discussion
	Conclusion: Power, Resistance and Potential for Action
	References
7 Re-claiming the Power of Definition—The Value of Reflexivity in Research on Mental Health at Risk
	Introduction: Mental Health ‘at Risk’—Challenging Definitions and Methodologies
		Being ‘at Risk’ in the Context of Dementia and Psychosis
		Making Sense of Risk—Risk Literacy and Meaning-Making in Mental Health
		Scientific Knowledge Production and Power Relations in Mental Health
	Researching Mental Health ‘at Risk’: Methodology and Method
		Sampling Strategy
		Data Collection
		Interview Procedures
		Reflexivity
		Analysis
	Results and Discussion
		Insights from the Interviews: Naming, Explaining, and Coping
		Methodological Reflection: Negotiating Vulnerability and Normality
	Conclusion: Methodologies in Support of Reclaiming Power
	Literature
8 Interpersonal Process Recall in Systemic Research: Investigating Couple Therapists’ Personal and Professional Selves
	Introduction
	Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) as a Qualitative Interview Approach
	The Role of the Interviewer
	Two Positions of the Interviewee: The Talking Subject and the Object of Talk
	The Dialogical Approach as Conceptual Framework for Researching Systemic Therapy
	Dialogical Approach in Psychotherapy Research
	Interpersonal Process Recall as a Storytelling Practice
	Using IPR/SRI to Analyse Couple Therapists’ Perspectives on Their Professional Practices
	Procedure
	Couple Therapy Research 1
		The Scene from the Therapy Session: The Physical Arrangements in the Therapy Room
	Extract 1: Transcript IPR/SRI with Male Therapist
	Couple Therapy Research 2
		The Scene from the Therapy Session: Making Comparisons Between Couples
	Extract 2: Transcript IPR/SRI with Male Co-therapist
	Discussion
	Limitations, Methodological Reflections and Conclusions
	References
9 Bringing Mental Health Back into the Dynamics of Social Coexistence: Emotional Textual Analysis
	Introduction
	Emotional Textual Analysis
		Theoretical Framework
		Operational Procedure
		A History of Integration Between Research and Intervention
	ETA to Inquire into the Meaning of Psychiatric Diagnosis in School
	ETA as an Intervention-Research Tool for the Development of Healthcare Organizations
		The Research Context and Design
		Two Studies Using ETA to Explore the Culture of Staff and Clients
		The Staff Culture
		The Clients’ Culture
	Conclusions
	References
10 Engraved in the Body: Ways of Reading Finnish People’s Memories of Mental Hospitals
	Introduction
	Saara Jäntti: Organizing the Writing Collection
	Multidisciplinary Approach to the Memories: Description of Methodology and Methods
	Anu Rissanen: History of Mental Health Care in Finland in the Twentieth Century
		The Development of Mental Hospitals in Finland
		Treatment in Mental Hospitals
	Ways of Reading the Memories
		Karoliina Maanmieli (Former Kähmi)—Figurative Language and Memories of Abuse
		Figurative Language as a Means of Conveying Traumatic Experiences
		Heaven and Hell
		The Oppressive Institution: Prison, Concentration Camp or a Rubbish Dump
		Animals and Inanimate Things
	Kirsi Heimonen: Researching Through Corporeal Attunement
		Corporeal Attunement and Embodied Hauntology
		Somatic Movement Practice as a Research Method
		Affects Within Memories and Movement
		Performing Memories
	Sari Kuuva: Psychiatric Hospitals as Emotional Communities—Fear, Topophilia and Topophobia in the Memories of the Children of the Staff
		Fear, Topophilia and Topophobia
		Empathy
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Appendix 1 Our Call for Memories
	References
11 Conclusion: Qualitative Research in Mental Health: Reflections on Research Questions, Methods and Knowledge
	Four Types of Research Question
	Diversity with a Purpose
	What Makes Qualitative Research ‘Research’?
	Trends and Challenges
	Conclusion and Future Directions
	References
Index