دسترسی نامحدود
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
برای ارتباط با ما می توانید از طریق شماره موبایل زیر از طریق تماس و پیامک با ما در ارتباط باشید
در صورت عدم پاسخ گویی از طریق پیامک با پشتیبان در ارتباط باشید
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
درصورت عدم همخوانی توضیحات با کتاب
از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
ویرایش:
نویسندگان: GoalKicker.com
سری:
ناشر: GoalKicker.com
سال نشر: 2020
تعداد صفحات: 856
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 8 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Python Notes for Professionals. 800+ pages of professional hints and tricks به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب یادداشت های پایتون برای حرفه ای ها. 800+ صفحه نکات و ترفندهای حرفه ای نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Content list About Chapter 1: Getting started with Python Language Section 1.1: Getting Started Section 1.2: Creating variables and assigning values Section 1.3: Block Indentation Section 1.4: Datatypes Section 1.5: Collection Types Section 1.6: IDLE - Python GUI Section 1.7: User Input Section 1.8: Built in Modules and Functions Section 1.9: Creating a module Section 1.10: Installation of Python 2.7.x and 3.x Section 1.11: String function - str() and repr() Section 1.12: Installing external modules using pip Section 1.13: Help Utility Chapter 2: Python Data Types Section 2.1: String Data Type Section 2.2: Set Data Types Section 2.3: Numbers data type Section 2.4: List Data Type Section 2.5: Dictionary Data Type Section 2.6: Tuple Data Type Chapter 3: Indentation Section 3.1: Simple example Section 3.2: How Indentation is Parsed Section 3.3: Indentation Errors Chapter 4: Comments and Documentation Section 4.1: Single line, inline and multiline comments Section 4.2: Programmatically accessing docstrings Section 4.3: Write documentation using docstrings Chapter 5: Date and Time Section 5.1: Parsing a string into a timezone aware datetime object Section 5.2: Constructing timezone-aware datetimes Section 5.3: Computing time dierences Section 5.4: Basic datetime objects usage Section 5.5: Switching between time zones Section 5.6: Simple date arithmetic Section 5.7: Converting timestamp to datetime Section 5.8: Subtracting months from a date accurately Section 5.9: Parsing an arbitrary ISO 8601 timestamp with minimal libraries Section 5.10: Get an ISO 8601 timestamp Section 5.11: Parsing a string with a short time zone name into a timezone aware datetime object Section 5.12: Fuzzy datetime parsing (extracting datetime out of a text) Section 5.13: Iterate over dates Chapter 6: Date Formatting Section 6.1: Time between two date-times Section 6.2: Outputting datetime object to string Section 6.3: Parsing string to datetime object Chapter 7: Enum Section 7.1: Creating an enum (Python 2.4 through 3.3) Section 7.2: Iteration Chapter 8: Set Section 8.1: Operations on sets Section 8.2: Get the unique elements of a list Section 8.3: Set of Sets Section 8.4: Set Operations using Methods and Builtins Section 8.5: Sets versus multisets Chapter 9: Simple Mathematical Operators Section 9.1: Division Section 9.2: Addition Section 9.3: Exponentiation Section 9.4: Trigonometric Functions Section 9.5: Inplace Operations Section 9.6: Subtraction Section 9.7: Multiplication Section 9.8: Logarithms Section 9.9: Modulus Chapter 10: Bitwise Operators Section 10.1: Bitwise NOT Section 10.2: Bitwise XOR (Exclusive OR) Section 10.3: Bitwise AND Section 10.4: Bitwise OR Section 10.5: Bitwise Left Shift Section 10.6: Bitwise Right Shift Section 10.7: Inplace Operations Chapter 11: Boolean Operators Section 11.1: `and` and `or` are not guaranteed to return a boolean Section 11.2: A simple example Section 11.3: Short-circuit evaluation Section 11.4: and Section 11.5: or Section 11.6: not Chapter 12: Operator Precedence Section 12.1: Simple Operator Precedence Examples in python Chapter 13: Variable Scope and Binding Section 13.1: Nonlocal Variables Section 13.2: Global Variables Section 13.3: Local Variables Section 13.4: The del command Section 13.5: Functions skip class scope when looking up names Section 13.6: Local vs Global Scope Section 13.7: Binding Occurrence Chapter 14: Conditionals Section 14.1: Conditional Expression (or "The Ternary Operator") Section 14.2: if, elif, and else Section 14.3: Truth Values Section 14.4: Boolean Logic Expressions Section 14.5: Using the cmp function to get the comparison result of two objects Section 14.6: Else statement Section 14.7: Testing if an object is None and assigning it Section 14.8: If statement Chapter 15: Comparisons Section 15.1: Chain Comparisons Section 15.2: Comparison by `is` vs `==` Section 15.3: Greater than or less than Section 15.4: Not equal to Section 15.5: Equal To Section 15.6: Comparing Objects Chapter 16: Loops Section 16.1: Break and Continue in Loops Section 16.2: For loops Section 16.3: Iterating over lists Section 16.4: Loops with an "else" clause Section 16.5: The Pass Statement Section 16.6: Iterating over dictionaries Section 16.7: The "half loop" do-while Section 16.8: Looping and Unpacking Section 16.9: Iterating dierent portion of a list with dierent step size Section 16.10: While Loop Chapter 17: Arrays Section 17.1: Access individual elements through indexes Section 17.2: Basic Introduction to Arrays Section 17.3: Append any value to the array using append() method Section 17.4: Insert value in an array using insert() method Section 17.5: Extend python array using extend() method Section 17.6: Add items from list into array using fromlist() method Section 17.7: Remove any array element using remove() method Section 17.8: Remove last array element using pop() method Section 17.9: Fetch any element through its index using index() method Section 17.10: Reverse a python array using reverse() method Section 17.11: Get array buer information through buer_info() method Section 17.12: Check for number of occurrences of an element using count() method Section 17.13: Convert array to string using tostring() method Section 17.14: Convert array to a python list with same elements using tolist() method Section 17.15: Append a string to char array using fromstring() method Chapter 18: Multidimensional arrays Section 18.1: Lists in lists Section 18.2: Lists in lists in lists in.. Chapter 19: Dictionary Section 19.1: Introduction to Dictionary Section 19.2: Avoiding KeyError Exceptions Section 19.3: Iterating Over a Dictionary Section 19.4: Dictionary with default values Section 19.5: Merging dictionaries Section 19.6: Accessing keys and values Section 19.7: Accessing values of a dictionary Section 19.8: Creating a dictionary Section 19.9: Creating an ordered dictionary Section 19.10: Unpacking dictionaries using the ** operator Section 19.11: The trailing comma Section 19.12: The dict() constructor Section 19.13: Dictionaries Example Section 19.14: All combinations of dictionary values Chapter 20: List Section 20.1: List methods and supported operators Section 20.2: Accessing list values Section 20.3: Checking if list is empty Section 20.4: Iterating over a list Section 20.5: Checking whether an item is in a list Section 20.6: Any and All Section 20.7: Reversing list elements Section 20.8: Concatenate and Merge lists Section 20.9: Length of a list Section 20.10: Remove duplicate values in list Section 20.11: Comparison of lists Section 20.12: Accessing values in nested list Section 20.13: Initializing a List to a Fixed Number of Elements Chapter 21: List comprehensions Section 21.1: List Comprehensions Section 21.2: Conditional List Comprehensions Section 21.3: Avoid repetitive and expensive operations using conditional clause Section 21.4: Dictionary Comprehensions Section 21.5: List Comprehensions with Nested Loops Section 21.6: Generator Expressions Section 21.7: Set Comprehensions Section 21.8: Refactoring filter and map to list comprehensions Section 21.9: Comprehensions involving tuples Section 21.10: Counting Occurrences Using Comprehension Section 21.11: Changing Types in a List Section 21.12: Nested List Comprehensions Section 21.13: Iterate two or more list simultaneously within list comprehension Chapter 22: List slicing (selecting parts of lists) Section 22.1: Using the third "step" argument Section 22.2: Selecting a sublist from a list Section 22.3: Reversing a list with slicing Section 22.4: Shifting a list using slicing Chapter 23: groupby() Section 23.1: Example 4 Section 23.2: Example 2 Section 23.3: Example 3 Chapter 24: Linked lists Section 24.1: Single linked list example Chapter 25: Linked List Node Section 25.1: Write a simple Linked List Node in python Chapter 26: Filter Section 26.1: Basic use of filter Section 26.2: Filter without function Section 26.3: Filter as short-circuit check Section 26.4: Complementary function: filterfalse, ifilterfalse Chapter 27: Heapq Section 27.1: Largest and smallest items in a collection Section 27.2: Smallest item in a collection Chapter 28: Tuple Section 28.1: Tuple Section 28.2: Tuples are immutable Section 28.3: Packing and Unpacking Tuples Section 28.4: Built-in Tuple Functions Section 28.5: Tuple Are Element-wise Hashable and Equatable Section 28.6: Indexing Tuples Section 28.7: Reversing Elements Chapter 29: Basic Input and Output Section 29.1: Using the print function Section 29.2: Input from a File Section 29.3: Read from stdin Section 29.4: Using input() and raw_input() Section 29.5: Function to prompt user for a number Section 29.6: Printing a string without a newline at the end Chapter 30: Files & Folders I/O Section 30.1: File modes Section 30.2: Reading a file line-by-line Section 30.3: Iterate files (recursively) Section 30.4: Getting the full contents of a file Section 30.5: Writing to a file Section 30.6: Check whether a file or path exists Section 30.7: Random File Access Using mmap Section 30.8: Replacing text in a file Section 30.9: Checking if a file is empty Section 30.10: Read a file between a range of lines Section 30.11: Copy a directory tree Section 30.12: Copying contents of one file to a dierent file Chapter 31: os.path Section 31.1: Join Paths Section 31.2: Path Component Manipulation Section 31.3: Get the parent directory Section 31.4: If the given path exists Section 31.5: check if the given path is a directory, file, symbolic link, mount point etc Section 31.6: Absolute Path from Relative Path Chapter 32: Iterables and Iterators Section 32.1: Iterator vs Iterable vs Generator Section 32.2: Extract values one by one Section 32.3: Iterating over entire iterable Section 32.4: Verify only one element in iterable Section 32.5: What can be iterable Section 32.6: Iterator isn't reentrant! Chapter 33: Functions Section 33.1: Defining and calling simple functions Section 33.2: Defining a function with an arbitrary number of arguments Section 33.3: Lambda (Inline/Anonymous) Functions Section 33.4: Defining a function with optional arguments Section 33.5: Defining a function with optional mutable arguments Section 33.6: Argument passing and mutability Section 33.7: Returning values from functions Section 33.8: Closure Section 33.9: Forcing the use of named parameters Section 33.10: Nested functions Section 33.11: Recursion limit Section 33.12: Recursive Lambda using assigned variable Section 33.13: Recursive functions Section 33.14: Defining a function with arguments Section 33.15: Iterable and dictionary unpacking Section 33.16: Defining a function with multiple arguments Chapter 34: Defining functions with list arguments Section 34.1: Function and Call Chapter 35: Functional Programming in Python Section 35.1: Lambda Function Section 35.2: Map Function Section 35.3: Reduce Function Section 35.4: Filter Function Chapter 36: Partial functions Section 36.1: Raise the power Chapter 37: Decorators Section 37.1: Decorator function Section 37.2: Decorator class Section 37.3: Decorator with arguments (decorator factory) Section 37.4: Making a decorator look like the decorated function Section 37.5: Using a decorator to time a function Section 37.6: Create singleton class with a decorator Chapter 38: Classes Section 38.1: Introduction to classes Section 38.2: Bound, unbound, and static methods Section 38.3: Basic inheritance Section 38.4: Monkey Patching Section 38.5: New-style vs. old-style classes Section 38.6: Class methods: alternate initializers Section 38.7: Multiple Inheritance Section 38.8: Properties Section 38.9: Default values for instance variables Section 38.10: Class and instance variables Section 38.11: Class composition Section 38.12: Listing All Class Members Section 38.13: Singleton class Section 38.14: Descriptors and Dotted Lookups Chapter 39: Metaclasses Section 39.1: Basic Metaclasses Section 39.2: Singletons using metaclasses Section 39.3: Using a metaclass Section 39.4: Introduction to Metaclasses Section 39.5: Custom functionality with metaclasses Section 39.6: The default metaclass Chapter 40: String Formatting Section 40.1: Basics of String Formatting Section 40.2: Alignment and padding Section 40.3: Format literals (f-string) Section 40.4: Float formatting Section 40.5: Named placeholders Section 40.6: String formatting with datetime Section 40.7: Formatting Numerical Values Section 40.8: Nested formatting Section 40.9: Format using Getitem and Getattr Section 40.10: Padding and truncating strings, combined Section 40.11: Custom formatting for a class Chapter 41: String Methods Section 41.1: Changing the capitalization of a string Section 41.2: str.translate: Translating characters in a string Section 41.3: str.format and f-strings: Format values into a string Section 41.4: String module's useful constants Section 41.5: Stripping unwanted leading/trailing characters from a string Section 41.6: Reversing a string Section 41.7: Split a string based on a delimiter into a list of strings Section 41.8: Replace all occurrences of one substring with another substring Section 41.9: Testing what a string is composed of Section 41.10: String Contains Section 41.11: Join a list of strings into one string Section 41.12: Counting number of times a substring appears in a string Section 41.13: Case insensitive string comparisons Section 41.14: Justify strings Section 41.15: Test the starting and ending characters of a string Section 41.16: Conversion between str or bytes data and unicode characters Chapter 42: Using loops within functions Section 42.1: Return statement inside loop in a function Chapter 43: Importing modules Section 43.1: Importing a module Section 43.2: The __all__ special variable Section 43.3: Import modules from an arbitrary filesystem location Section 43.4: Importing all names from a module Section 43.5: Programmatic importing Section 43.6: PEP8 rules for Imports Section 43.7: Importing specific names from a module Section 43.8: Importing submodules Section 43.9: Re-importing a module Section 43.10: __import__() function Chapter 44: Dierence between Module and Package Section 44.1: Modules Section 44.2: Packages Chapter 45: Math Module Section 45.1: Rounding: round, floor, ceil, trunc Section 45.2: Trigonometry Section 45.3: Pow for faster exponentiation Section 45.4: Infinity and NaN ("not a number") Section 45.5: Logarithms Section 45.6: Constants Section 45.7: Imaginary Numbers Section 45.8: Copying signs Section 45.9: Complex numbers and the cmath module Chapter 46: Complex math Section 46.1: Advanced complex arithmetic Section 46.2: Basic complex arithmetic Chapter 47: Collections module Section 47.1: collections.Counter Section 47.2: collections.OrderedDict Section 47.3: collections.defaultdict Section 47.4: collections.namedtuple Section 47.5: collections.deque Section 47.6: collections.ChainMap Chapter 48: Operator module Section 48.1: Itemgetter Section 48.2: Operators as alternative to an infix operator Section 48.3: Methodcaller Chapter 49: JSON Module Section 49.1: Storing data in a file Section 49.2: Retrieving data from a file Section 49.3: Formatting JSON output Section 49.4: `load` vs `loads`, `dump` vs `dumps` Section 49.5: Calling `json.tool` from the command line to pretty-print JSON output Section 49.6: JSON encoding custom objects Section 49.7: Creating JSON from Python dict Section 49.8: Creating Python dict from JSON Chapter 50: Sqlite3 Module Section 50.1: Sqlite3 - Not require separate server process Section 50.2: Getting the values from the database and Error handling Chapter 51: The os Module Section 51.1: makedirs - recursive directory creation Section 51.2: Create a directory Section 51.3: Get current directory Section 51.4: Determine the name of the operating system Section 51.5: Remove a directory Section 51.6: Follow a symlink (POSIX) Section 51.7: Change permissions on a file Chapter 52: The locale Module Section 52.1: Currency Formatting US Dollars Using the locale Module Chapter 53: Itertools Module Section 53.1: Combinations method in Itertools Module Section 53.2: itertools.dropwhile Section 53.3: Zipping two iterators until they are both exhausted Section 53.4: Take a slice of a generator Section 53.5: Grouping items from an iterable object using a function Section 53.6: itertools.takewhile Section 53.7: itertools.permutations Section 53.8: itertools.repeat Section 53.9: Get an accumulated sum of numbers in an iterable Section 53.10: Cycle through elements in an iterator Section 53.11: itertools.product Section 53.12: itertools.count Section 53.13: Chaining multiple iterators together Chapter 54: Asyncio Module Section 54.1: Coroutine and Delegation Syntax Section 54.2: Asynchronous Executors Section 54.3: Using UVLoop Section 54.4: Synchronization Primitive: Event Section 54.5: A Simple Websocket Section 54.6: Common Misconception about asyncio Chapter 55: Random module Section 55.1: Creating a random user password Section 55.2: Create cryptographically secure random numbers Section 55.3: Random and sequences: shue, choice and sample Section 55.4: Creating random integers and floats: randint, randrange, random, and uniform Section 55.5: Reproducible random numbers: Seed and State Section 55.6: Random Binary Decision Chapter 56: Functools Module Section 56.1: partial Section 56.2: cmp_to_key Section 56.3: lru_cache Section 56.4: total_ordering Section 56.5: reduce Chapter 57: The dis module Section 57.1: What is Python bytecode? Section 57.2: Constants in the dis module Section 57.3: Disassembling modules Chapter 58: The base64 Module Section 58.1: Encoding and Decoding Base64 Section 58.2: Encoding and Decoding Base32 Section 58.3: Encoding and Decoding Base16 Section 58.4: Encoding and Decoding ASCII85 Section 58.5: Encoding and Decoding Base85 Chapter 59: Queue Module Section 59.1: Simple example Chapter 60: Deque Module Section 60.1: Basic deque using Section 60.2: Available methods in deque Section 60.3: limit deque size Section 60.4: Breadth First Search Chapter 61: Webbrowser Module Section 61.1: Opening a URL with Default Browser Section 61.2: Opening a URL with Dierent Browsers Chapter 62: tkinter Section 62.1: Geometry Managers Section 62.2: A minimal tkinter Application Chapter 63: pyautogui module Section 63.1: Mouse Functions Section 63.2: Keyboard Functions Section 63.3: Screenshot And Image Recognition Chapter 64: Indexing and Slicing Section 64.1: Basic Slicing Section 64.2: Reversing an object Section 64.3: Slice assignment Section 64.4: Making a shallow copy of an array Section 64.5: Indexing custom classes: __getitem__, __setitem__ and __delitem__ Section 64.6: Basic Indexing Chapter 65: Plotting with Matplotlib Section 65.1: Plots with Common X-axis but dierent Y-axis : Using twinx() Section 65.2: Plots with common Y-axis and dierent X-axis using twiny() Section 65.3: A Simple Plot in Matplotlib Section 65.4: Adding more features to a simple plot : axis labels, title, axis ticks, grid, and legend Section 65.5: Making multiple plots in the same figure by superimposition similar to MATLAB Section 65.6: Making multiple Plots in the same figure using plot superimposition with separate plot commands Chapter 66: graph-tool Section 66.1: PyDotPlus Section 66.2: PyGraphviz Chapter 67: Generators Section 67.1: Introduction Section 67.2: Infinite sequences Section 67.3: Sending objects to a generator Section 67.4: Yielding all values from another iterable Section 67.5: Iteration Section 67.6: The next() function Section 67.7: Coroutines Section 67.8: Refactoring list-building code Section 67.9: Yield with recursion: recursively listing all files in a directory Section 67.10: Generator expressions Section 67.11: Using a generator to find Fibonacci Numbers Section 67.12: Searching Section 67.13: Iterating over generators in parallel Chapter 68: Reduce Section 68.1: Overview Section 68.2: Using reduce Section 68.3: Cumulative product Section 68.4: Non short-circuit variant of any/all Chapter 69: Map Function Section 69.1: Basic use of map, itertools.imap and future_builtins.map Section 69.2: Mapping each value in an iterable Section 69.3: Mapping values of dierent iterables Section 69.4: Transposing with Map: Using "None" as function argument (python 2.x only) Section 69.5: Series and Parallel Mapping Chapter 70: Exponentiation Section 70.1: Exponentiation using builtins: ** and pow() Section 70.2: Square root: math.sqrt() and cmath.sqrt Section 70.3: Modular exponentiation: pow() with 3 arguments Section 70.4: Computing large integer roots Section 70.5: Exponentiation using the math module: math.pow() Section 70.6: Exponential function: math.exp() and cmath.exp() Section 70.7: Exponential function minus 1: math.expm1() Section 70.8: Magic methods and exponentiation: builtin, math and cmath Section 70.9: Roots: nth-root with fractional exponents Chapter 71: Searching Section 71.1: Searching for an element Section 71.2: Searching in custom classes: __contains__ and __iter__ Section 71.3: Getting the index for strings: str.index(), str.rindex() and str.find(), str.rfind() Section 71.4: Getting the index list and tuples: list.index(), tuple.index() Section 71.5: Searching key(s) for a value in dict Section 71.6: Getting the index for sorted sequences: bisect.bisect_left() Section 71.7: Searching nested sequences Chapter 72: Sorting, Minimum and Maximum Section 72.1: Make custom classes orderable Section 72.2: Special case: dictionaries Section 72.3: Using the key argument Section 72.4: Default Argument to max, min Section 72.5: Getting a sorted sequence Section 72.6: Extracting N largest or N smallest items from an iterable Section 72.7: Getting the minimum or maximum of several values Section 72.8: Minimum and Maximum of a sequence Chapter 73: Counting Section 73.1: Counting all occurrence of all items in an iterable: collections.Counter Section 73.2: Getting the most common value(-s): collections.Counter.most_common() Section 73.3: Counting the occurrences of one item in a sequence: list.count() and tuple.count() Section 73.4: Counting the occurrences of a substring in a string: str.count() Section 73.5: Counting occurrences in numpy array Chapter 74: The Print Function Section 74.1: Print basics Section 74.2: Print parameters Chapter 75: Regular Expressions (Regex) Section 75.1: Matching the beginning of a string Section 75.2: Searching Section 75.3: Precompiled patterns Section 75.4: Flags Section 75.5: Replacing Section 75.6: Find All Non-Overlapping Matches Section 75.7: Checking for allowed characters Section 75.8: Splitting a string using regular expressions Section 75.9: Grouping Section 75.10: Escaping Special Characters Section 75.11: Match an expression only in specific locations Section 75.12: Iterating over matches using `re.finditer` Chapter 76: Copying data Section 76.1: Copy a dictionary Section 76.2: Performing a shallow copy Section 76.3: Performing a deep copy Section 76.4: Performing a shallow copy of a list Section 76.5: Copy a set Chapter 77: Context Managers (“with” Statement) Section 77.1: Introduction to context managers and the with statement Section 77.2: Writing your own context manager Section 77.3: Writing your own contextmanager using generator syntax Section 77.4: Multiple context managers Section 77.5: Assigning to a target Section 77.6: Manage Resources Chapter 78: The __name__ special variable Section 78.1: __name__ == '__main__' Section 78.2: Use in logging Section 78.3: function_class_or_module.__name__ Chapter 79: Checking Path Existence and Permissions Section 79.1: Perform checks using os.access Chapter 80: Creating Python packages Section 80.1: Introduction Section 80.2: Uploading to PyPI Section 80.3: Making package executable Chapter 81: Usage of "pip" module: PyPI Package Manager Section 81.1: Example use of commands Section 81.2: Handling ImportError Exception Section 81.3: Force install Chapter 82: pip: PyPI Package Manager Section 82.1: Install Packages Section 82.2: To list all packages installed using `pip` Section 82.3: Upgrade Packages Section 82.4: Uninstall Packages Section 82.5: Updating all outdated packages on Linux Section 82.6: Updating all outdated packages on Windows Section 82.7: Create a requirements.txt file of all packages on the system Section 82.8: Using a certain Python version with pip Section 82.9: Create a requirements.txt file of packages only in the current virtualenv Section 82.10: Installing packages not yet on pip as wheels Chapter 83: Parsing Command Line arguments Section 83.1: Hello world in argparse Section 83.2: Using command line arguments with argv Section 83.3: Setting mutually exclusive arguments with argparse Section 83.4: Basic example with docopt Section 83.5: Custom parser error message with argparse Section 83.6: Conceptual grouping of arguments with argparse.add_argument_group() Section 83.7: Advanced example with docopt and docopt_dispatch Chapter 84: Subprocess Library Section 84.1: More flexibility with Popen Section 84.2: Calling External Commands Section 84.3: How to create the command list argument Chapter 85: setup.py Section 85.1: Purpose of setup.py Section 85.2: Using source control metadata in setup.py Section 85.3: Adding command line scripts to your python package Section 85.4: Adding installation options Chapter 86: Recursion Section 86.1: The What, How, and When of Recursion Section 86.2: Tree exploration with recursion Section 86.3: Sum of numbers from 1 to n Section 86.4: Increasing the Maximum Recursion Depth Section 86.5: Tail Recursion - Bad Practice Section 86.6: Tail Recursion Optimization Through Stack Introspection Chapter 87: Type Hints Section 87.1: Adding types to a function Section 87.2: NamedTuple Section 87.3: Generic Types Section 87.4: Variables and Attributes Section 87.5: Class Members and Methods Section 87.6: Type hints for keyword arguments Chapter 88: Exceptions Section 88.1: Catching Exceptions Section 88.2: Do not catch everything! Section 88.3: Re-raising exceptions Section 88.4: Catching multiple exceptions Section 88.5: Exception Hierarchy Section 88.6: Else Section 88.7: Raising Exceptions Section 88.8: Creating custom exception types Section 88.9: Practical examples of exception handling Section 88.10: Exceptions are Objects too Section 88.11: Running clean-up code with finally Section 88.12: Chain exceptions with raise from Chapter 89: Raise Custom Errors / Exceptions Section 89.1: Custom Exception Section 89.2: Catch custom Exception Chapter 90: Commonwealth Exceptions Section 90.1: Other Errors Section 90.2: NameError: name '???' is not defined Section 90.3: TypeErrors Section 90.4: Syntax Error on good code Section 90.5: IndentationErrors (or indentation SyntaxErrors) Chapter 91: urllib Section 91.1: HTTP GET Section 91.2: HTTP POST Section 91.3: Decode received bytes according to content type encoding Chapter 92: Web scraping with Python Section 92.1: Scraping using the Scrapy framework Section 92.2: Scraping using Selenium WebDriver Section 92.3: Basic example of using requests and lxml to scrape some data Section 92.4: Maintaining web-scraping session with requests Section 92.5: Scraping using BeautifulSoup4 Section 92.6: Simple web content download with urllib.request Section 92.7: Modify Scrapy user agent Section 92.8: Scraping with curl Chapter 93: HTML Parsing Section 93.1: Using CSS selectors in BeautifulSoup Section 93.2: PyQuery Section 93.3: Locate a text after an element in BeautifulSoup Chapter 94: Manipulating XML Section 94.1: Opening and reading using an ElementTree Section 94.2: Create and Build XML Documents Section 94.3: Modifying an XML File Section 94.4: Searching the XML with XPath Section 94.5: Opening and reading large XML files using iterparse (incremental parsing) Chapter 95: Python Requests Post Section 95.1: Simple Post Section 95.2: Form Encoded Data Section 95.3: File Upload Section 95.4: Responses Section 95.5: Authentication Section 95.6: Proxies Chapter 96: Distribution Section 96.1: py2app Section 96.2: cx_Freeze Chapter 97: Property Objects Section 97.1: Using the @property decorator for read-write properties Section 97.2: Using the @property decorator Section 97.3: Overriding just a getter, setter or a deleter of a property object Section 97.4: Using properties without decorators Chapter 98: Overloading Section 98.1: Operator overloading Section 98.2: Magic/Dunder Methods Section 98.3: Container and sequence types Section 98.4: Callable types Section 98.5: Handling unimplemented behaviour Chapter 99: Polymorphism Section 99.1: Duck Typing Section 99.2: Basic Polymorphism Chapter 100: Method Overriding Section 100.1: Basic method overriding Chapter 101: User-Defined Methods Section 101.1: Creating user-defined method objects Section 101.2: Turtle example Chapter 102: String representations of class instances: __str__ and __repr__ methods Section 102.1: Motivation Section 102.2: Both methods implemented, eval-round-trip style __repr__() Chapter 103: Debugging Section 103.1: Via IPython and ipdb Section 103.2: The Python Debugger: Step-through Debugging with _pdb_ Section 103.3: Remote debugger Chapter 104: Reading and Writing CSV Section 104.1: Using pandas Section 104.2: Writing a TSV file Chapter 105: Writing to CSV from String or List Section 105.1: Basic Write Example Section 105.2: Appending a String as a newline in a CSV file Chapter 106: Dynamic code execution with `exec` and `eval` Section 106.1: Executing code provided by untrusted user using exec, eval, or ast.literal_eval Section 106.2: Evaluating a string containing a Python literal with ast.literal_eval Section 106.3: Evaluating statements with exec Section 106.4: Evaluating an expression with eval Section 106.5: Precompiling an expression to evaluate it multiple times Section 106.6: Evaluating an expression with eval using custom globals Chapter 107: PyInstaller - Distributing Python Code Section 107.1: Installation and Setup Section 107.2: Using Pyinstaller Section 107.3: Bundling to One Folder Section 107.4: Bundling to a Single File Chapter 108: Data Visualization with Python Section 108.1: Seaborn Section 108.2: Matplotlib Section 108.3: Plotly Section 108.4: MayaVI Chapter 109: The Interpreter (Command Line Console) Section 109.1: Getting general help Section 109.2: Referring to the last expression Section 109.3: Opening the Python console Section 109.4: The PYTHONSTARTUP variable Section 109.5: Command line arguments Section 109.6: Getting help about an object Chapter 110: *args and **kwargs Section 110.1: Using **kwargs when writing functions Section 110.2: Using *args when writing functions Section 110.3: Populating kwarg values with a dictionary Section 110.4: Keyword-only and Keyword-required arguments Section 110.5: Using **kwargs when calling functions Section 110.6: **kwargs and default values Section 110.7: Using *args when calling functions Chapter 111: Garbage Collection Section 111.1: Reuse of primitive objects Section 111.2: Eects of the del command Section 111.3: Reference Counting Section 111.4: Garbage Collector for Reference Cycles Section 111.5: Forcefully deallocating objects Section 111.6: Viewing the refcount of an object Section 111.7: Do not wait for the garbage collection to clean up Section 111.8: Managing garbage collection Chapter 112: Pickle data serialisation Section 112.1: Using Pickle to serialize and deserialize an object Section 112.2: Customize Pickled Data Chapter 113: Binary Data Section 113.1: Format a list of values into a byte object Section 113.2: Unpack a byte object according to a format string Section 113.3: Packing a structure Chapter 114: Idioms Section 114.1: Dictionary key initializations Section 114.2: Switching variables Section 114.3: Use truth value testing Section 114.4: Test for "__main__" to avoid unexpected code execution Chapter 115: Data Serialization Section 115.1: Serialization using JSON Section 115.2: Serialization using Pickle Chapter 116: Multiprocessing Section 116.1: Running Two Simple Processes Section 116.2: Using Pool and Map Chapter 117: Multithreading Section 117.1: Basics of multithreading Section 117.2: Communicating between threads Section 117.3: Creating a worker pool Section 117.4: Advanced use of multithreads Section 117.5: Stoppable Thread with a while Loop Chapter 118: Processes and Threads Section 118.1: Global Interpreter Lock Section 118.2: Running in Multiple Threads Section 118.3: Running in Multiple Processes Section 118.4: Sharing State Between Threads Section 118.5: Sharing State Between Processes Chapter 119: Python concurrency Section 119.1: The multiprocessing module Section 119.2: The threading module Section 119.3: Passing data between multiprocessing processes Chapter 120: Parallel computation Section 120.1: Using the multiprocessing module to parallelise tasks Section 120.2: Using a C-extension to parallelize tasks Section 120.3: Using Parent and Children scripts to execute code in parallel Section 120.4: Using PyPar module to parallelize Chapter 121: Sockets Section 121.1: Raw Sockets on Linux Section 121.2: Sending data via UDP Section 121.3: Receiving data via UDP Section 121.4: Sending data via TCP Section 121.5: Multi-threaded TCP Socket Server Chapter 122: Websockets Section 122.1: Simple Echo with aiohttp Section 122.2: Wrapper Class with aiohttp Section 122.3: Using Autobahn as a Websocket Factory Chapter 123: Sockets And Message Encryption/Decryption Between Client and Server Section 123.1: Server side Implementation Section 123.2: Client side Implementation Chapter 124: Python Networking Section 124.1: Creating a Simple Http Server Section 124.2: Creating a TCP server Section 124.3: Creating a UDP Server Section 124.4: Start Simple HttpServer in a thread and open the browser Section 124.5: The simplest Python socket client-server example Chapter 125: Python HTTP Server Section 125.1: Running a simple HTTP server Section 125.2: Serving files Section 125.3: Basic handling of GET, POST, PUT using BaseHTTPRequestHandler Section 125.4: Programmatic API of SimpleHTTPServer Chapter 126: Flask Section 126.1: Files and Templates Section 126.2: The basics Section 126.3: Routing URLs Section 126.4: HTTP Methods Section 126.5: Jinja Templating Section 126.6: The Request Object Chapter 127: Introduction to RabbitMQ using AMQPStorm Section 127.1: How to consume messages from RabbitMQ Section 127.2: How to publish messages to RabbitMQ Section 127.3: How to create a delayed queue in RabbitMQ Chapter 128: Descriptor Section 128.1: Simple descriptor Section 128.2: Two-way conversions Chapter 129: tempfile NamedTemporaryFile Section 129.1: Create (and write to a) known, persistent temporary file Chapter 130: Input, Subset and Output External Data Files using Pandas Section 130.1: Basic Code to Import, Subset and Write External Data Files Using Pandas Chapter 131: Unzipping Files Section 131.1: Using Python ZipFile.extractall() to decompress a ZIP file Section 131.2: Using Python TarFile.extractall() to decompress a tarball Chapter 132: Working with ZIP archives Section 132.1: Examining Zipfile Contents Section 132.2: Opening Zip Files Section 132.3: Extracting zip file contents to a directory Section 132.4: Creating new archives Chapter 133: Getting start with GZip Section 133.1: Read and write GNU zip files Chapter 134: Stack Section 134.1: Creating a Stack class with a List Object Section 134.2: Parsing Parentheses Chapter 135: Working around the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) Section 135.1: Multiprocessing.Pool Section 135.2: Cython nogil: Chapter 136: Deployment Section 136.1: Uploading a Conda Package Chapter 137: Logging Section 137.1: Introduction to Python Logging Section 137.2: Logging exceptions Chapter 138: Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) Section 138.1: Server Object (Method) Chapter 139: Python Server Sent Events Section 139.1: Flask SSE Section 139.2: Asyncio SSE Chapter 140: Alternatives to switch statement from other languages Section 140.1: Use what the language oers: the if/else construct Section 140.2: Use a dict of functions Section 140.3: Use class introspection Section 140.4: Using a context manager Chapter 141: List destructuring (aka packing and unpacking) Section 141.1: Destructuring assignment Section 141.2: Packing function arguments Section 141.3: Unpacking function arguments Chapter 142: Accessing Python source code and bytecode Section 142.1: Display the bytecode of a function Section 142.2: Display the source code of an object Section 142.3: Exploring the code object of a function Chapter 143: Mixins Section 143.1: Mixin Section 143.2: Overriding Methods in Mixins Chapter 144: Attribute Access Section 144.1: Basic Attribute Access using the Dot Notation Section 144.2: Setters, Getters & Properties Chapter 145: ArcPy Section 145.1: createDissolvedGDB to create a file gdb on the workspace Section 145.2: Printing one field's value for all rows of feature class in file geodatabase using Search Cursor Chapter 146: Abstract Base Classes (abc) Section 146.1: Setting the ABCMeta metaclass Section 146.2: Why/How to use ABCMeta and @abstractmethod Chapter 147: Plugin and Extension Classes Section 147.1: Mixins Section 147.2: Plugins with Customized Classes Chapter 148: Immutable datatypes(int, float, str, tuple and frozensets) Section 148.1: Individual characters of strings are not assignable Section 148.2: Tuple's individual members aren't assignable Section 148.3: Frozenset's are immutable and not assignable Chapter 149: Incompatibilities moving from Python 2 to Python 3 Section 149.1: Integer Division Section 149.2: Unpacking Iterables Section 149.3: Strings: Bytes versus Unicode Section 149.4: Print statement vs. Print function Section 149.5: Dierences between range and xrange functions Section 149.6: Raising and handling Exceptions Section 149.7: Leaked variables in list comprehension Section 149.8: True, False and None Section 149.9: User Input Section 149.10: Comparison of dierent types Section 149.11: .next() method on iterators renamed Section 149.12: filter(), map() and zip() return iterators instead of sequences Section 149.13: Renamed modules Section 149.14: Removed operators <> and ``, synonymous with != and repr() Section 149.15: long vs. int Section 149.16: All classes are "new-style classes" in Python 3 Section 149.17: Reduce is no longer a built-in Section 149.18: Absolute/Relative Imports Section 149.19: map() Section 149.20: The round() function tie-breaking and return type Section 149.21: File I/O Section 149.22: cmp function removed in Python 3 Section 149.23: Octal Constants Section 149.24: Return value when writing to a file object Section 149.25: exec statement is a function in Python 3 Section 149.26: encode/decode to hex no longer available Section 149.27: Dictionary method changes Section 149.28: Class Boolean Value Section 149.29: hasattr function bug in Python 2 Chapter 150: 2to3 tool Section 150.1: Basic Usage Chapter 151: Non-ocial Python implementations Section 151.1: IronPython Section 151.2: Jython Section 151.3: Transcrypt Chapter 152: Abstract syntax tree Section 152.1: Analyze functions in a python script Chapter 153: Unicode and bytes Section 153.1: Encoding/decoding error handling Section 153.2: File I/O Section 153.3: Basics Chapter 154: Python Serial Communication (pyserial) Section 154.1: Initialize serial device Section 154.2: Read from serial port Section 154.3: Check what serial ports are available on your machine Chapter 155: Neo4j and Cypher using Py2Neo Section 155.1: Adding Nodes to Neo4j Graph Section 155.2: Importing and Authenticating Section 155.3: Adding Relationships to Neo4j Graph Section 155.4: Query 1 : Autocomplete on News Titles Section 155.5: Query 2 : Get News Articles by Location on a particular date Section 155.6: Cypher Query Samples Chapter 156: Basic Curses with Python Section 156.1: The wrapper() helper function Section 156.2: Basic Invocation Example Chapter 157: Templates in python Section 157.1: Simple data output program using template Section 157.2: Changing delimiter Chapter 158: Pillow Section 158.1: Read Image File Section 158.2: Convert files to JPEG Chapter 159: The pass statement Section 159.1: Ignore an exception Section 159.2: Create a new Exception that can be caught Chapter 160: CLI subcommands with precise help output Section 160.1: Native way (no libraries) Section 160.2: argparse (default help formatter) Section 160.3: argparse (custom help formatter) Chapter 161: Database Access Section 161.1: SQLite Section 161.2: Accessing MySQL database using MySQLdb Section 161.3: Connection Section 161.4: PostgreSQL Database access using psycopg2 Section 161.5: Oracle database Section 161.6: Using sqlalchemy Chapter 162: Connecting Python to SQL Server Section 162.1: Connect to Server, Create Table, Query Data Chapter 163: PostgreSQL Section 163.1: Getting Started Chapter 164: Python and Excel Section 164.1: Read the excel data using xlrd module Section 164.2: Format Excel files with xlsxwriter Section 164.3: Put list data into a Excel's file Section 164.4: OpenPyXL Section 164.5: Create excel charts with xlsxwriter Chapter 165: Turtle Graphics Section 165.1: Ninja Twist (Turtle Graphics) Chapter 166: Python Persistence Section 166.1: Python Persistence Section 166.2: Function utility for save and load Chapter 167: Design Patterns Section 167.1: Introduction to design patterns and Singleton Pattern Section 167.2: Strategy Pattern Section 167.3: Proxy Chapter 168: hashlib Section 168.1: MD5 hash of a string Section 168.2: algorithm provided by OpenSSL Chapter 169: Creating a Windows service using Python Section 169.1: A Python script that can be run as a service Section 169.2: Running a Flask web application as a service Chapter 170: Mutable vs Immutable (and Hashable) in Python Section 170.1: Mutable vs Immutable Section 170.2: Mutable and Immutable as Arguments Chapter 171: configparser Section 171.1: Creating configuration file programmatically Section 171.2: Basic usage Chapter 172: Optical Character Recognition Section 172.1: PyTesseract Section 172.2: PyOCR Chapter 173: Virtual environments Section 173.1: Creating and using a virtual environment Section 173.2: Specifying specific python version to use in script on Unix/Linux Section 173.3: Creating a virtual environment for a dierent version of python Section 173.4: Making virtual environments using Anaconda Section 173.5: Managing multiple virtual environments with virtualenvwrapper Section 173.6: Installing packages in a virtual environment Section 173.7: Discovering which virtual environment you are using Section 173.8: Checking if running inside a virtual environment Section 173.9: Using virtualenv with fish shell Chapter 174: Python Virtual Environment - virtualenv Section 174.1: Installation Section 174.2: Usage Section 174.3: Install a package in your Virtualenv Section 174.4: Other useful virtualenv commands Chapter 175: Virtual environment with virtualenvwrapper Section 175.1: Create virtual environment with virtualenvwrapper Chapter 176: Create virtual environment with virtualenvwrapper in windows Section 176.1: Virtual environment with virtualenvwrapper for windows Chapter 177: sys Section 177.1: Command line arguments Section 177.2: Script name Section 177.3: Standard error stream Section 177.4: Ending the process prematurely and returning an exit code Chapter 178: ChemPy - python package Section 178.1: Parsing formulae Section 178.2: Balancing stoichiometry of a chemical reaction Section 178.3: Balancing reactions Section 178.4: Chemical equilibria Section 178.5: Ionic strength Section 178.6: Chemical kinetics (system of ordinary dierential equations) Chapter 179: pygame Section 179.1: Pygame's mixer module Section 179.2: Installing pygame Chapter 180: Pyglet Section 180.1: Installation of Pyglet Section 180.2: Hello World in Pyglet Section 180.3: Playing Sound in Pyglet Section 180.4: Using Pyglet for OpenGL Section 180.5: Drawing Points Using Pyglet and OpenGL Chapter 181: Audio Section 181.1: Working with WAV files Section 181.2: Convert any soundfile with python and mpeg Section 181.3: Playing Windows' beeps Section 181.4: Audio With Pyglet Chapter 182: pyaudio Section 182.1: Callback Mode Audio I/O Section 182.2: Blocking Mode Audio I/O Chapter 183: shelve Section 183.1: Creating a new Shelf Section 183.2: Sample code for shelve Section 183.3: To summarize the interface (key is a string, data is an arbitrary object): Section 183.4: Write-back Chapter 184: IoT Programming with Python and Raspberry PI Section 184.1: Example - Temperature sensor Chapter 185: kivy - Cross-platform Python Framework for NUI Development Section 185.1: First App Chapter 186: Pandas Transform: Preform operations on groups and concatenate the results Section 186.1: Simple transform Section 186.2: Multiple results per group Chapter 187: Similarities in syntax, Dierences in meaning: Python vs. JavaScript Section 187.1: `in` with lists Chapter 188: Call Python from C# Section 188.1: Python script to be called by C# application Section 188.2: C# code calling Python script Chapter 189: ctypes Section 189.1: ctypes arrays Section 189.2: Wrapping functions for ctypes Section 189.3: Basic usage Section 189.4: Common pitfalls Section 189.5: Basic ctypes object Section 189.6: Complex usage Chapter 190: Writing extensions Section 190.1: Hello World with C Extension Section 190.2: C Extension Using c++ and Boost Section 190.3: Passing an open file to C Extensions Chapter 191: Python Lex-Yacc Section 191.1: Getting Started with PLY Section 191.2: The "Hello, World!" of PLY - A Simple Calculator Section 191.3: Part 1: Tokenizing Input with Lex Section 191.4: Part 2: Parsing Tokenized Input with Yacc Chapter 192: Unit Testing Section 192.1: Test Setup and Teardown within a unittest.TestCase Section 192.2: Asserting on Exceptions Section 192.3: Testing Exceptions Section 192.4: Choosing Assertions Within Unittests Section 192.5: Unit tests with pytest Section 192.6: Mocking functions with unittest.mock.create_autospec Chapter 193: py.test Section 193.1: Setting up py.test Section 193.2: Intro to Test Fixtures Section 193.3: Failing Tests Chapter 194: Profiling Section 194.1: %%timeit and %timeit in IPython Section 194.2: Using cProfile (Preferred Profiler) Section 194.3: timeit() function Section 194.4: timeit command line Section 194.5: line_profiler in command line Chapter 195: Python speed of program Section 195.1: Deque operations Section 195.2: Algorithmic Notations Section 195.3: Notation Section 195.4: List operations Section 195.5: Set operations Chapter 196: Performance optimization Section 196.1: Code profiling Chapter 197: Security and Cryptography Section 197.1: Secure Password Hashing Section 197.2: Calculating a Message Digest Section 197.3: Available Hashing Algorithms Section 197.4: File Hashing Section 197.5: Generating RSA signatures using pycrypto Section 197.6: Asymmetric RSA encryption using pycrypto Section 197.7: Symmetric encryption using pycrypto Chapter 198: Secure Shell Connection in Python Section 198.1: ssh connection Chapter 199: Python Anti-Patterns Section 199.1: Overzealous except clause Section 199.2: Looking before you leap with processor-intensive function Chapter 200: Common Pitfalls Section 200.1: List multiplication and common references Section 200.2: Mutable default argument Section 200.3: Changing the sequence you are iterating over Section 200.4: Integer and String identity Section 200.5: Dictionaries are unordered Section 200.6: Variable leaking in list comprehensions and for loops Section 200.7: Chaining of or operator Section 200.8: sys.argv[0] is the name of the file being executed Section 200.9: Accessing int literals' attributes Section 200.10: Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) and blocking threads Section 200.11: Multiple return Section 200.12: Pythonic JSON keys Chapter 201: Hidden Features Section 201.1: Operator Overloading Credits You may also like