Python for Engineers and Scientists: Concepts and Applications

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Authors
Section I Python Fundamentals
	Chapter 1 Interaction with Python
		Learning Objectives
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Variables and Identifiers
			1.2.1 How to Name Identifiers
			1.2.2 Use of Descriptive Identifiers and Comments
			1.2.3 Variable Types
				1.2.3.1 Numeric Datatypes
				1.2.3.2 None Datatype
				1.2.3.3 Sequence Datatypes
				1.2.3.4 Set Datatype
				1.2.3.5 Mapping Datatype
				1.2.3.6 Array Datatype
		1.3 Constant
		1.4 Statement and Expression
		1.5 Input Statements
		1.6 Output Statements
		1.7 Formatting Output Statements
			1.7.1 Escape Character
			1.7.2 sep and end
			1.7.3 String Formatting with format()
			1.7.4 Numbers Formatting with format()
		1.8 Comment Statement
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 2 Operators
		Learning Objectives
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Types of Operators
			2.2.1 Assignment Operator
			2.2.2 Arithmetic Operators
				2.2.2.1 Precedence of Arithmetic Operators
			2.2.3 Relational Operators
			2.2.4 Logical Operators
				2.2.4.1 and Operator
				2.2.4.2 or Operator
				2.2.4.3 not Operator
			2.2.5 Increment and Decrement Operators
			2.2.6 Bitwise Operators
				2.2.6.1 Bitwise AND Operator (&)
				2.2.6.2 Bitwise OR Operator (|)
				2.2.6.3 Bitwise XOR Operator (^)
				2.2.6.4 Bitwise Complement (~)
				2.2.6.5 Bitwise Left Shift (<<)
				2.2.6.6 Bitwise Right Shift (>>)
			2.2.7 Membership Operators
			2.2.8 Identity Operators
			2.2.9 Precedence of all Operators
		2.3 Type Casting
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 3 Control Structures
		Learning Objectives
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Conditional Statements
			3.2.1 Conditional if-else
			3.2.2 Conditional if-elif-else
			3.2.3 Nested if-elif-else Statements
			3.2.4 Ternary Operator
		3.3 Loops
			3.3.1 while-loop
			3.3.2 for-loop
				3.3.2.1 The range() Function
			3.3.3 Continue, Break and Pass
				3.3.3.1 Continue Statement
				3.3.3.2 Break Statement
				3.3.3.3 Pass Statement
			3.3.4 Nested Loops
		3.4 Looping through Two Lists
		3.5 Iterator
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 4 String
		Learning Objectives
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Strings
			4.2.1 Creating String
				4.2.1.1 Creating an Empty String
				4.2.1.2 Creating a String from Numbers
				4.2.1.3 Creating a String from List and Tuple
			4.2.2 Accessing String
				4.2.2.1 Membership in String
			4.2.3 String Operations
				4.2.3.1 Concatenation
				4.2.3.2 Repetition
			4.2.4 Character Encoding
			4.2.5 String Functions and Methods
				4.2.5.1 len()
				4.2.5.2 del()
				4.2.5.3 max()
				4.2.5.4 min()
				4.2.5.5 capitalize()
				4.2.5.6 lower()
				4.2.5.7 upper()
				4.2.5.8 title()
				4.2.5.9 replace()
				4.2.5.10 split()
				4.2.5.11 strip()
				4.2.5.12 count()
				4.2.5.13 isalpha()
				4.2.5.14 isupper()
			4.2.6 String Slicing
				4.2.6.1 String Slicing with Negative Index
				4.2.6.2 String Slicing with Step
				4.2.6.3 String Slicing Default Index
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 5 List and Tuple
		Learning Objectives
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 List
			5.2.1 Creating List
				5.2.1.1 Creating an Empty List
				5.2.1.2 Creating a List from a String
				5.2.1.3 Creating a List by Range Function
				5.2.1.4 Creating a List from Another List
			5.2.2 List Operations
				5.2.2.1 Concatenation (+)
				5.2.2.2 Repetition (*)
			5.2.3 Accessing List
				5.2.3.1 Membership in List
			5.2.4 List Functions and Methods
				5.2.4.1.1 len()
				5.2.4.1.2 del()
				5.2.4.1.3 max()
				5.2.4.1.4 min()
				5.2.4.1.5 append()
				5.2.4.1.6 insert()
				5.2.4.1.7 pop()
				5.2.4.1.8 remove()
				5.2.4.1.9 extend()
				5.2.4.1.10 index()
				5.2.4.1.11 count()
				5.2.4.1.12 sort()
				5.2.4.1.13 sorted()
				5.2.4.1.14 reverse()
				5.2.4.1.15 copy()
				5.2.4.1.16 clear()
				5.2.4.1.17 reversed()
				5.2.4.1.18 enumerate()
				5.2.4.1.19 any()
				5.2.4.1.20 all()
			5.2.5 List Slicing
				5.2.5.1 List Slicing with Negative Index
				5.2.5.2 List Slicing with Step
				5.2.5.3 List Slicing Default Index
			5.2.6 Difference between Assignment and Copying a List
		5.3 Multi-Dimensional Lists
			5.3.1 Retrieval from Multi-Dimensional Lists
		5.4 Tuples
			5.4.1 Creating a Tuple
				5.4.1.1 Creating a Tuple with no Item
				5.4.1.2 Creating a Tuple with a Single Item
				5.4.1.3 Nesting Tuples
				5.4.1.4 Creating a Tuple from List
				5.4.1.5 Creating a Tuple from a String
			5.4.2 Tuple Operations
				5.4.2.1 Concatenation (+) Operation
				5.4.2.2 Repetition (*) Operation
			5.4.3 Tuple Assignment
			5.4.4 Accessing Objects in Tuple
				5.4.4.1 Membership in Tuple
			5.5.5 Updating Tuples
			5.4.6 Tuple Functions and Methods
			5.4.7 Tuple Slicing
		5.5 Advantages of Tuple over List
		Multiple Choice Questions – List
		Multiple Choice Questions – Tuple
		Descriptive Questions – List
		Descriptive Questions – Tuple
		Programming Questions – List
		Programming Questions – Tuple
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions – List
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions – Tuple
	Chapter 6 Dictionary
		Learning Objectives
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Dictionaries
			6.2.1 Creating a Dictionary
				6.2.1.1 Creating a Dictionary with no item
				6.2.1.2 Creating a Dictionary with { }
				6.2.1.3 Creating a Dictionary with dict( )
				6.2.1.4 Creating a Default Dictionary
				6.2.1.5 Creating a Dictionary from a List
				6.2.1.6 Insertion of a New Key–Value
			6.2.2 Dictionary Assignment
			6.2.3 Accessing Dictionary
				6.2.3.1 keys()
				6.2.3.2 items()
				6.2.3.3 get()
				6.2.3.4 Membership in Dictionary
			6.2.4 Dictionary Methods
				6.2.4.1 update()
				6.2.4.2 sorted()
				6.2.4.3 str()
				6.2.4.4 setdefault()
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 7 Set
		Learning Objectives
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Set
			7.2.1 Creating a Set
				7.2.1.1 Creating an Empty Set
				7.2.1.2 Creating a Set from a List, Tuples and String
				7.2.1.3 Creating a Set from a Dictionary
			7.2.2 Accessing Set Elements
				7.2.2.1 Membership in Set
			7.2.3 Set Operations
				7.2.3.1 union()
				7.2.3.2 intersection()
				7.2.3.3 difference()
				7.2.3.4 Exclusive-OR
				7.2.3.5 Symmetric Difference
				7.2.3.6 Equivalent Set and Not Equivalent
				7.2.3.7 Subset and Superset
				7.2.3.8 Proper Subset and Proper Superset
			7.2.4 Set Function and Methods
				7.2.4.1 add()
				7.2.4.2 discard()
				7.2.4.3 isdisjoint()
				7.2.4.4 issubset()
				7.2.4.5 issuperset()
				7.2.4.6 Frozen Set
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 8 Functions
		Learning Objectives
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Functions
		8.3 Parameterized Function
			8.3.1 Positional and Keyword Parameters
			8.3.2 Default Parameter
			8.3.3 Function with a Variable Number of Arguments
		8.4 The Return Statement
		8.5 Namespace and Scope of a Variable
		8.6 Recursive Function
		8.7 Lambda Function
			8.7.1 filter()
			8.7.2 map()
			8.7.3 reduce()
			8.7.4 zip()
		8.8 Generators
		8.9 Python Modules
			8.9.1 Importing a Module
			8.9.2 Aliasing
			8.9.3 User-Defined Module
		8.10 Closures
		8.11 Decorators
			8.11.1 Passing a Parameter to a Decorator
			8.11.2 Decorator Chaining
		8.12 Some Special Methods and Attributes
			8.12.1 __name__
			8.12.2 __module__
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 9 File Handling
		Learning Objectives
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 File IO
			9.2.1 File Opening and Closing
			9.2.2 File Properties
			9.2.3 File Reading
			9.2.4 File Writing
			9.2.5 Binary File Reading/Writing
			9.2.6 CSV File Reading/Writing
		9.3 File Position
		9.4 Some More File Operations
		9.5 Operating System–Related Operations
		9.6 The “with” Statement
		9.7 Pickling
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
Section II Object Oriented Concepts in Python
	Chapter 10 Classes and Objects
		Learning Objectives
		10.1 Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
		10.2 Class and Object
			10.2.1 Defining a Class
			10.2.2 Generating an Object
			10.2.3 The __init__() , __new__() and __del__() Methods
				10.2.3.1 __init__()
				10.2.3.2 __new__()
				10.2.3.3 __del__()
		10.3 Variables and Methods
			10.3.1 Variables (Attributes)
				10.3.1.1 Object Variables (Instance Variables)
				10.3.1.2 Class Variables (Static Variables)
			10.3.2 Accessing Variables
				10.3.2.1 Accessing the Variable by Object Reference
				10.3.2.2 Accessing the Variable by Class Name
				10.3.2.3 Accessing the Static Variable Outside the Class by Class Name
		10.4 Public, Private and Protected Variables
			10.4.1 Variable Starts Without Any _ (Underscore) Symbol
			10.4.2 Variable Starts with _ (Single Underscore) Symbol
			10.4.3 Variable Starts with __ (Two Underscores) symbols
		10.5 Methods
			10.5.1 Instance Method
			10.5.2 Class Method
			10.5.3 Static Method
		10.6 Class Inside a Class (Inner Class)
			10.6.1 Object of the Inner Class Is Created Inside the Outer Class
			10.6.2 Object of the Inner Class Is Created Outside the Outer Class
			10.6.3 Accessing Attributes of Inner Class
				10.6.3.1 Accessing the Attributes of Inner Class Outside the Class
				10.6.3.2 Accessing the Attributes of Inner Class in the Outer Class
				10.6.3.3 Accessing the Attributes of Inner Class Outside the Outer Class
				10.6.3.4 Accessing the Attributes of Inner Class When Inner Class and Outer Class Have the Same Method
		10.7 Some Special Methods and Attributes
			10.7.1 __dict__ ()
			10.7.2 __name__()
			10.7.3 __doc__
			10.7.4 hasattr()
			10.7.5 getattr()
			10.7.6 setattr(obj,name,value)
			10.7.7 delattr()
			10.7.8 del
			10.7.9 isinstance()
			10.7.10 repr()
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 11 Inheritance
		Learning Objectives
		11.1 Introduction
			11.1.1 Single-Level inheritance
			11.1.2 Multi-Level Inheritance
			11.1.3 Multiple Inheritance
			11.1.4 Hierarchical Inheritance
			11.1.5 Hybrid inheritance
		11.2 Initialization in Inheritance
			11.2.1 __init__() for the Child Class Only Is Defined
			11.2.2 __init__() for the Base Class Only Is Defined
			11.2.3 __init__() for Both Sub Class and Super Class Is Defined
		11.3 Method Resolution Order
		11.4 Specialized Methods
			11.4.1 issubclass()
			11.4.2 __bases__
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 12 Polymorphism
		Learning Objectives
		12.1 Introduction
			12.1.1 Duck-Typing
			12.1.2 Operator Overloading
			12.1.3 Method Overloading
			12.1.4 Method Overriding
		12.2 Encapsulation
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 13 Abstract Class, Aggregation, Composition
		Learning Objectives
		13.1 Introduction – Abstract Class
		13.2 Abstract Class and Abstract Method
		13.3 Relationship
			13.3.1 Association Relationship
			13.3.2 Aggregation (Uses a) Relationship
			13.3.3 Composition (Has a) Relationship
		13.4 Difference between Inheritance and Association
		13.5 Difference between Aggregation and Composition
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
	Chapter 14 Exception Handling
		Learning Objectives
		14.1 Errors and Exceptions
		14.2 The try:, except:, else: and finally: Block
			14.2.1 The try: and except: Block
			14.2.2 The try:, except: and else: Block
			14.2.3 The try:, except :, else: and finally: Block
			14.2.4 Mentioning the Error Description
		14.3 The Exception Hierarchy
		14.4 Exception in a Function
		14.5 The Raised Exception
		14.6 User Defined Exceptions
		14.7 Assertion
		Worked Out Examples
		Multiple Choice Questions
		Descriptive Questions
		Programming Questions
		Answer to Multiple Choice Questions
Index