Pulmonary Physiology

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Function and Structure of the Respiratory System
	Functions of the Respiratory System
	Structure of the Respiratory System
	Key Concepts
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 2 Mechanics of Breathing
	Generation of a Pressure Difference Between Atmosphere and Alveoli
	Pressure-Volume Relationships in the Respiratory System
	Interaction of Lung and Chest Wall: The Static Pressure-Volume Curve
	Airways Resistance
	The Work of Breathing
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 3 Alveolar Ventilation
	The Lung Volumes
	Measurement of the Lung Volumes
	Anatomic Dead Space and Alveolar Ventilation
	Measurement of Alveolar Ventilation
	Alveolar Ventilation and Alveolar Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels
	Regional Distribution of Alveolar Ventilation
	The Closing Volume
	The Effects of Aging
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 4 Blood Flow to the Lung
	The Bronchial Circulation
	The Functional Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulation
	Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
	The Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow: The Zones of the Lung
	Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
	Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on Pulmonary Blood Flow
	Pulmonary Edema
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 5 Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
	The Concept of Matching Ventilation and Perfusion
	Consequences of High and Low V/Q
	Testing for Nonuniform Distribution of Inspired Gas and Pulmonary Blood Flow
	Regional V/Q Differences and Their Consequences in the Lung
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 6 Diffusion of Gases and Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests
	Fick’s Law for Diffusion
	Limitations of Gas Transfer
	Diffusion of Oxygen
	Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide
	Measurement of Diffusing Capacity
	Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 7 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
	Transport of Oxygen by the Blood
	Hemoglobin and the Physiologic Implications of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
	Influences on the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
	Transport of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood
	The Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve
	The Bohr and Haldane Effects Explained
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 8 Acid-Base Balance
	The Chemistry of Acids, Bases, and Buffers
	Buffer Systems of the Human Body
	Acidosis and Alkalosis
	Respiratory and Renal Compensatory Mechanisms
	Clinical Interpretation of Blood Gases and Acid-Base Status
	The Causes of Hypoxia
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 9 Control of Breathing
	The Generation of Spontaneous Rhythmicity
	The Medullary Respiratory Center
	The Pontine Respiratory Groups
	Spinal Pathways
	Reflex Mechanisms of Respiratory Control
	Influences of Higher Centers
	The Response to Carbon Dioxide
	The Response to Hydrogen Ions
	The Response to Hypoxia
	The Response to Exercise
	Altered Breathing Patterns
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 10 Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung
	Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms
	Nonrespiratory Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation
	Metabolic Functions of the Lung
	Key Concepts
	Suggested Readings
Chapter 11 The Respiratory System Under Stress
	Exercise and the Respiratory System
	Altitude and Acclimatization
	Diving and the Respiratory System
	Sleep and the Respiratory System
	Key Concepts
	Clinical Problems
	Suggested Readings
Clinical Problem Answers
Appendix
	I. Symbols Used in Respiratory Physiology
	II. The Laws Governing the Behavior of Gases
	III. Frequently Used Equations
	IV. Table of Normal Respiratory and Circulatory Values
Index