Public Health Genomics: The Essentials (J-B Public Health Health Services Text)

PUBLIC HEALTH GENOMICS: The Essentials......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
TABLES AND FIGURES......Page 13
FOREWORD......Page 17
PREFACE......Page 19
THE AUTHORS......Page 21
INTRODUCTION......Page 23
Part I: SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES ON GENOMICS......Page 27
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 29
HISTORY OF HUMAN GENETICS......Page 30
IMPACT OF GENETICS ON PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY PREVENTION......Page 31
PHENOTYPIC VERSUS GENOTYPIC PREVENTION......Page 34
GENOMICS TODAY......Page 35
CHAPTER SUMMARY AND PREVIEW......Page 38
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 40
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 41
THE NIH AND THE NHGRI......Page 42
THE NOPHG......Page 45
THE SACGHS......Page 47
STATE GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS......Page 48
GENOMICS AND BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS......Page 50
CHAPTER SUMMARY AND PREVIEW......Page 51
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 52
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 53
HEREDITARY MATERIAL......Page 54
DNA REPLICATION......Page 56
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION......Page 59
GENE EXPRESSION......Page 63
MUTATIONS AND POLYMORPHISMS......Page 64
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 65
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 66
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 67
SOMATIC VERSUS GERMLINE MUTATIONS......Page 68
TYPES OF MUTATIONS......Page 69
CAUSES OF MUTATIONS......Page 70
POPULATION GENETICS......Page 71
RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENOMICS......Page 76
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 77
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 78
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 79
GREGOR MENDEL AND HIS PEA PLANTS......Page 80
AUTOSOMES AND SEX CHROMOSOMES......Page 82
DRAWING A PEDIGREE......Page 83
NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERNS......Page 87
INHERITANCE PATTERNS, FAMILY HISTORY, AND PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 91
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 95
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 96
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 97
POLYGENIC AND MULTIFACTORIAL TRAITS......Page 98
DETERMINING THE RISK OF MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDERS......Page 100
DETERMINING GENETIC VERSUS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS......Page 101
DETERMINING PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE AND LOCALIZING GENES......Page 102
GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 105
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 107
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 109
EXAMPLES OF GENETIC DISCRIMINATION AND BREACH OF PRIVACY......Page 110
EVOLUTION OF PRIVACY AND ANTIDISCRIMINATION LAWS......Page 111
GENETICS RESEARCH AND CONCERN FOR PRIVACY......Page 114
CLINICAL GENETIC TESTING AND THE DUTY TO INFORM......Page 116
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 118
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 119
Part II: GENOMICS IN MATERNAL, CHILD, AND ADULT HEALTH......Page 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 123
BIRTH DEFECTS AND EMBRYOLOGY......Page 124
CHROMOSOMES......Page 129
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 137
PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS......Page 139
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 140
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 141
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 143
GENETIC DISEASES COMMON AMONG PEOPLE OF ASHKENAZIC JEWISH DESCENT......Page 144
GENETIC DISEASES COMMON AMONG PEOPLE OF SEPHARDIC AND MIZRAHI JEWISH DESCENT......Page 148
LIMITATIONS OF ETHNICALLY BASED GENETIC SCREENING......Page 149
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 150
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 151
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 153
NEWBORN SCREENING’S RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 154
BIOLOGY OF METABOLIC DISORDERS......Page 157
NEWBORN SCREENING IN CALIFORNIA......Page 158
MS/MS-DETECTABLE DISORDERS......Page 161
CHAPTER SUMMARY AND PREVIEW......Page 164
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 165
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 167
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS......Page 168
ACHONDROPLASIA......Page 169
DOWN SYNDROME......Page 171
FRAGILE X SYNDROME......Page 172
PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME......Page 174
AUTISM......Page 175
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 177
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 179
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE......Page 180
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE......Page 181
CANCER......Page 183
FAMILIAL CANCER SYNDROMES......Page 186
GENETIC TESTING, RISK PERCEPTION, AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR......Page 189
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 191
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 193
Part III: AREAS OF GENERAL INTEREST......Page 195
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 197
BASICS OF HEALTH ECONOMICS......Page 198
HEALTH ECONOMICS OF GENETIC SCREENING......Page 200
HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES......Page 201
KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS......Page 206
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 207
BACTERIA......Page 208
VIRUSES......Page 215
GENOMICS OF A PANDEMIC......Page 218
CHAPTER SUMMARY AND PREVIEW......Page 219
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 220
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 221
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE......Page 222
GENE THERAPY......Page 225
STEM CELL RESEARCH......Page 227
ANALYSIS, REVIEW, AND DISCUSSION......Page 229
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 231
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY RESOURCES......Page 232
ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ISSUES......Page 233
GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 234
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH......Page 235
PROFESSIONAL GENETICS EDUCATION......Page 236
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH SOCIETIES......Page 237
RESEARCH RESOURCES......Page 238
REVIEW, ANALYSIS, AND DISCUSSION......Page 239
Appendix 1: ANSWERS TO SELECTED DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 241
GLOSSARY......Page 245
REFERENCES......Page 267
NAME INDEX......Page 279
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 283