Public and Private Families: An Introduction

Cover
Public & Private Families: An Introduction
Dedication
About the Author
Contents in Brief
Contents
List of Boxes
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part One: Introduction
	Chapter 1: Public and Private Families
		Looking Forward
		What Is a Family?
		The Public Family
		The Private Family
		Two Views, Same Family
		How Do Family Sociologists Know What They Know?
		Sociological Theory and Families
		The Exchange Perspective
		The Symbolic Interaction Perspective
		The Feminist Perspective
		The Postmodern Perspective
		The Queer Theory Perspective
		Intersectionality
		Globalization and Families
		Family Life and Individualism
		A Sociological Viewpoint on Families
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			How Do Sociologists Know What They Know?: The National Surveys
	Chapter 2: The History of the Family
		Looking Forward
		The American Family before 1776
		American Indian Families: The Primacy of the Tribe
		European Colonists: The Primacy of the Public Family
		Family Diversity
		The Emergence of the “Modern” American Family: 1776–1900
		From Cooperation to Separation: Women’s and Men’s Spheres
		African American Families
		Mexican American Families
		Asian Immigrant Families
			The Asian Heritage
			Asian Immigrants
		The Emergence of Sexual Identities
		Sexual Acts versus Sexual Identities
		The Emergence of “Heterosexuality” and “Homosexuality”
		The Rise of the Private Family: 1900–Present
		The Early Decades
		The Depression Generation
		The 1950S
		The 1960S through the 1990S
		The Changing Life Course
		Social Change in the Twentieth Century
		The New Life Stage of Emerging Adulthood
			The Role of Education
			Constrained Opportunities
			LGBTQ Emerging Adults and Their Families
		Emerging Adulthood and the Life-Course Perspective
		What History Tells Us
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
Part Two: Gender, Class, and Race-Ethnicity
	Chapter 3: Gender and Families
		Looking Forward
		The Transgender Moment
		The Gestational Construction of Gender
		The Childhood Construction of Gender
		Parental Socialization
		The Media
		Peer Groups
		The Continual Construction of Gender
		Doing and Undoing Gender
		Gender as Social Structure
		Thinking about Gender Differences Today
		Causes at Multiple Levels
		The Slowing of Gender Change
		The Asymmetry of Gender Change
		Intersectionality
		Men and Masculinities
		The Contributions of Gender Studies
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			HOW DO SOCIOLOGISTS KNOW WHAT THEY KNOW?: Feminist Research Methods
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: Do Employers Discriminate Against Women?
	Chapter 4: Social Class and Family Inequality
		Looking Forward
		Families and the Economy
		The Growing Importance of Education
		Diverging Demographics
			Age at Marriage
			Childbearing Outside of Marriage
			The Marriage Market
			Divorce
			Putting the Differences Together
		Defining Social Class
		Social Classes and Status Groups
			The Four-Class Model
			Three Status Groups
		Social Class Differences in Family Life
		Assistance from Kin
			Kinship among the Poor and Near Poor
			Chronic Poverty and Kin Networks
			The Limits of Kin Networks
			Kinship among the Nonpoor
		Social Class and Child Rearing
			Social Class and Parental Values
			Concerted Cultivation versus Natural Growth
		Class, Race, and Deaths of Despair
		Social Class and the Family
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: Homelessness, by the Numbers
	Chapter 5: Race, Ethnicity, and Families
		Looking Forward
		Racial-Ethnic Groups
		Constructing Racial-Ethnic Groups
		“Whiteness” as Ethnicity
		African American Families
		Marriage and Childbearing
			Marriage
			Childbearing Outside of Marriage
			Single-Parent Families
		Explaining the Trends
			Availability
			Culture
			Reconciling the Explanations
		Gender and Black Families
		The Rise of Middle-Class Families
		Hispanic Families
		Mexican Americans
		Puerto Ricans
		Salvadorans
		Cuban Americans
		Asian American Families
		Social Capital and Immigrant Families
		American Indian Families
		Racial and Ethnic Intermarriage
		Variation in Intermarriage
		Intersectionality and Intermarriage
		Race, Ethnicity, and Kinship
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: How Should Multiracial Families Be Counted?
Part Three: Sexuality, Partnership, and Marriage
	Chapter 6: Sexualities
		Looking Forward
		Sexual Identities
		The Determinants of Sexual Identities
			The Social Constructionist Perspective
			The Integrative Perspective
			Points of Agreement and Disagreement
		QUESTIONING SEXUAL IDENTITIES
		LGBTQ Family Life
		Defining Family
		Becoming Parents
		Dividing the Household Labor
		Sexuality In and Out of Relationships
		Sexuality in Committed Relationships
		Sexual Activity Outside of Relationships
		Adolescent Sexuality and Pregnancy
		Changes in Sexual Behavior
		The Teenage Pregnancy “Problem”
		The Consequences for Teenage Mothers
		Sexuality and Family Life
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			HOW DO SOCIOLOGISTS KNOW WHAT THEY KNOW?: Asking about Sensitive Behavior
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: The Rise and Fall of the Teenage Pregnancy Problem
	Chapter 7: Cohabitation and Marriage
		Looking Forward
		Forming a Union
		American Courtship
		The Rise and Fall of Dating
		Online Matchmaking and Commitment
		Independent Living
		Living Apart Relationships
		Cohabitation
		Cohabitation and Class
			College-Educated Cohabitants
			Moderately Educated Cohabitants
			The Least-Educated Cohabitants
			Summing Up
		Marriage
		From Institution to Companionship
			The Institutional Marriage
			The Companionate Marriage
		From Companionship to Individualization
			Toward the Individualistic Marriage
			The Influence of Economic Change
		The Current Context of Marriage
		Why Do People Still Marry?
		Marriage as the Capstone Experience
		The Wedding as a Status Symbol
		Marriage as Investment
		Marriage and Religion
		Same-Sex Marriage
		Is Marriage Good for You?
		The Marriage Market
			The Specialization Model
			The Income-Pooling Model
		Social Change and Intimate Unions
		Changes in Union Formation
		Toward the Egalitarian Marriage?
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: The Legal Rights of Cohabiting Couples
	Chapter 8: Work and Families
		Looking Forward
		From Single-Earner to Dual-Earner Marriages
		Behind the Rise
		A Profound Change
		The Division of Labor in Marriages
		Rethinking Care Work
			Breaking the Work/Family Boundary
			Valuing Caring Labor
		Who’s Doing the Care Work?
		Cultural Ideals and Domestic Work
		Unmarried Mothers and Domestic Work
		The Current State of Sharing
		Work-Family Balance
		Professional and Technical Workers: Long Hours
		Less-Educated Workers: Fewer, and Less Predictable, Hours
		When Demands of Work and Family Life Conflict
			Task Size
			Task Stress
		Toward a Family-Responsive Workplace?
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: Paid Parental Leave
Part Four: Links across the Generations
	Chapter 9: Children and Parents
		Looking Forward
		What Are Parents Supposed to Do for Children?
		Socialization as Support and Control
		Socialization and Ethnicity
		Socialization and Social Class
		Socialization and Gender
		Religion and Socialization
		What’s Important?
		What Difference Do Fathers Make?
		Adoption
			Domestic Adoption
			Transnational Adoption
		LGBTQ PARENTHOOD
		What Might Prevent Parents from Doing What They Are Supposed to Do?
		Unemployment and Poverty
			Unemployment
			Poverty
		Family Instability
			Different Kinds of Households
			Multiple Transitions
		Family Complexity
		Immigration Status
		Mass Incarceration
		Time Apart
			How Parents Compensate for Time Apart
			The Consequences of Nonparental Care
		The Well-Being of American Children
		Which Children?
		Diverging Destinies
			Poor and Wealthy Children
			Children in the Middle
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			HOW DO SOCIOLOGISTS KNOW WHAT THEY KNOW?: Measuring the Well-Being of Children
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: Do Children Have Rights?
	Chapter 10: Older People and Their Families
		Looking Forward
		The Modernization of Old Age
		Mortality Decline
			The Statistics
			The Social Consequences
		Fertility Decline
		Rising Standard of Living
			Social Consequences
		Separate Living Arrangements
		Contact
		Intergenerational Support
		Mutual Assistance
			Altruism
			Exchange
		Moving in with Grandparents
			Multigenerational Households
			Grandfamilies
			Rewards and Costs
		The Return of the Extended Family?
		Care of Older Persons with Disabilities
		The Rewards and Costs of Caregiving
		The Quality of Intergenerational Ties
		Intergenerational Solidarity
		Intergenerational Conflict and Ambivalence
		The Family National Guard
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: Financing Social Security and Medicare
Part Five: Conflict,Disruption,and Reconstitution
	Chapter 11: Domestic Violence
		Looking Forward
		Domestic Violence in Historical Perspective
		Early History
		The Twentieth Century
			The Political Model of Domestic Violence
			The Medical Model of Domestic Violence
		Intimate Partner Violence
		Two Kinds of Violence?
		Trends and Prevalence in Intimate Partner Violence
			Trends
			Prevalence
		Which Partnerships Are at Risk?
			Marital Status
			Social Class
		Child Abuse
			Sexual Abuse and Its Consequences
			Physical Abuse and Its Consequences
			Poly-Victimization
			Poverty or Abuse?
		Elder Abuse
		Sexual Aggression and Violence in Emerging Adulthood
		Explanations
		Social Learning Perspective
		Frustration–Aggression Perspective
		Social Exchange Perspective
		Domestic Violence and Public Policy
		Policy Choices
		Social Programs
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
			HOW DO SOCIOLOGISTS KNOW WHAT THEY KNOW?: Advocates and Estimates: How Large (or Small) Are Social Problems?
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: The Swinging Pendulum of Foster Care Policy
	Chapter 12: Union Dissolution and Repartnering
		Looking Forward
		Societal Influences on Union Dissolution
		Cultural Change
		Cohabitation
		Men’s Employment
		Women’s Employment
		Age at Entry into Union
		Race and Ethnicity
		How Union Dissolution Affects Children
		Child Custody
		Contact
		Economic Support
		Psychosocial Effects
			The Crisis Period
			Multiple Transitions
			Long-term Adjustment
			Genetically Informed Studies
			In Sum
		Repartnering
		Care and Assistance in Stepfamilies
		Cohabiting v. Married Stepfamilies
		Intergenerational Support
		Union Dissolution and Repartnering: Taking Stock
		The Role of Cohabiting Unions
		New Kinship Ties
		The Impact on Children
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			HOW DO SOCIOLOGISTS KNOW WHAT THEY KNOW?: Measuring the Divorce Rate
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: Child Support Obligations
Part Six: Family, Society, and World
	Chapter 13: International Family Change
		Looking Forward
		The Convergence Thesis
		The Global South
		The Decline of Parental Control
			Rising Age at Marriage
			Hybrid Marriage
		The Spread of the Companionate Ideal
			How Social Norms Change
			The Spread of Postmodern Ideals
			The Cohabitation Boom
			The Decline of Fertility
		Globalization and Family Change
		The Globalization of Production
		Transnational Families
		Family Change in the Western Nations
		Globalization and Family Diversity in the West
		The Return to Complexity
		The Past and the Future
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
	Chapter 14:  The Family the State and Social Policy
		Looking Forward
		The Development of the Welfare State
		The Welfare State
		The Rise and Fall of the Family Wage System
		Family Policy Debates
		The Conservative Viewpoint
		The Liberal Viewpoint
		Which Families Are Poor?
		Supporting the Working Poor
		The Earned Income Tax Credit
		Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
		A Work-Focused Welfare System
		Current Debates
		Supporting Marriage
		Same-Sex Marriage
		Nonmarital Childbearing
		Responsible Fatherhood
		Work–Family Balance
		Signs of Convergence?
		Looking Back
		Study Questions
		Key Terms
		Thinking about Families
		References
		Boxed Features
			FAMILIES AND PUBLIC POLICY: The Abortion Dilemma
Glossary
Name Index
Subject Index