Psychophysiology Methods (Neuromethods, 206)

Preface to the Series
Preface
Acknowledgment
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Recent Advances in Clinical Applications of P300 and MMN
	1 Introduction
		1.1 P300 and MMN: Psychological Correlates, Neural Generators, and Methodology
	2 Diseases
		2.1 Traumatic Brain Disorder (TBI)
		2.2 Parkinson´s Disease
		2.3 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
		2.4 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
		2.5 Schizophrenia
		2.6 Depression
		2.7 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
		2.8 Dementias and Mild Cognitive Dysfunction
	3 General Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2: Contingent Negative Variation (CNV)
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 CNV Recording
			2.1.1 EEG Technique
			2.1.2 CNV  Task
		2.2 CNV Analysis
	3 Notes
	References
Chapter 3: The Study of Anticipatory Brain Activity in Cognitive Tasks by Means of Event-Related Potential, Frequency, and Tim...
	1 Introduction
	2 Event-Related Potential Methods
		2.1 Anticipatory Perception
		2.2 Expectancy
		2.3 Anticipatory Attention
		2.4 Action Anticipation
		2.5 Self-Paced Motor Tasks
		2.6 Motor Response Tasks
		2.7 Anticipation of External Feedback (SPN)
	3 Frequency and Time-Frequency Methods
		3.1 Methodological Bases
		3.2 Methodological Issues
		3.3 Anticipatory Perception
		3.4 Anticipatory Attention and Expectancy
		3.5 Action Anticipation
		3.6 Self-Paced Movement
	4 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4: qEEG Methods to Probe Abnormal Brain Rhythms Related to Quiet Vigilance in Patients with Dementia Due to Alzheimer´...
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Dementia as a Clinical Syndrome Due to Several Neuropathological Processes
		1.2 Biomarkers from Resting-State Electroencephalographic (rsEEG) Rhythms
		1.3 Quantitative rsEEG Biomarkers in Aging-Related Dementing Disorders
	2 rsEEG Biomarkers in Alzheimer´s Disease Dementia (ADD)
		2.1 rsEEG Biomarkers of ``Synchronization´´ in AD Patients
		2.2 rsEEG Biomarkers of ``Interrelatedness´´ in AD Patients
	3 rsEEG Biomarkers in Parkinson´s Disease Dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
		3.1 rsEEG Biomarkers of ``Synchronization´´ in PDD and DLB Patients
		3.2 rsEEG Biomarkers of ``Interrelatedness´´ in PDD and DLB Patients
	4 A Modern qEEG Methodology to Explore Quiet Vigilance Disorders in ADD, PDD, and DLB Patients
		4.1 Participants
		4.2 rsEEG Recordings
		4.3 Preliminary rsEEG Data Analysis
		4.4 Spectral Analysis of the rsEEG Epochs
		4.5 Cortical Sources of rsEEG Epochs as Computed by eLORETA
		4.6 The Computation of the rsEEG Background Frequency (BGF) Activity
		4.7 Statistical Analysis of rsEEG Source Activities
	5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 5: Pain-Related Evoked Potentials
	1 Laser-Evoked Potentials
	2 Contact Heat-Evoked Potential Stimulator (CHEPS)
	3 Pain-Related Evoked Potentials
	4 Innovative Techniques for the Assessment of Neuropathic Pain
		4.1 Cool-Evoked Potentials (CEPs)
		4.2 Micropattern Interdigitated Electrode
	5 Painful Stimuli in Cortical Processes
	6 Spectral Components and Connectivity Analysis
	7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 6: Chemosensory Neuro-olfactometry, Pheromones Perceptions, and EEG Signal Processing Methods
	1 Introduction
	References
Chapter 7: Psychophysiology and Electrophysiology of the Visual System
	1 Anatomy and Physiology of Human Visual Systems (Eye, Pathways, and Cortex)
		1.1 Retina
		1.2 Visual Pathways
		1.3 Visual Cortex
	2 Assessment of Vision
	3 Methodology to Explore the Visual Systems
		3.1 History
		3.2 Electroretinography
		3.3 Visual Evoked Responses (VEP)
			3.3.1 Effects of Visual Stimuli
				Luminance
				Contrast
				Stimulus Pattern
				Stimulus Orientation of Grating Pattern
				Stimulus  Mode
				Stimulus Field
				Temporal Frequency or Frequency of the Stimulus
			3.3.2 Multifocal VEPs (mfVEP)
			3.3.3 Chromatic ERGs (chERG) and VEPs (chVEP)
			3.3.4 Flash VEPs (FVEP)
	4 The Electro-Oculogram
	5 Visual Cognitive Event Related Potentials (vERPs)
	6 Magnetic Fields (MEG), Magnetic and Direct Current Stimulations (TMS, tDCS)
	7 Psychophysical Techniques
		7.1 Visual Acuity (VA)
		7.2 Contrast Sensitivity (CS)
		7.3 Color Vision
		7.4 Visual Field Perimetry (VFP)
	8 Clinical Electrophysiology and Psychophysiology in Disorders of Vision
		8.1 Genetically Determined Disorders of Retina
		8.2 Acquired Retinopathies
		8.3 Optic Nerve and Optic Chiasma Disorders
		8.4 Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Disease
		8.5 Disorders of Dopaminergic Transmission
		8.6 Alzheimer and Other Dementias
		8.7 Epilepsy
	9 Future Advancements
	References
Chapter 8: MEG
	1 Principles of MEG
		1.1 MEG Instrumentations
		1.2 MEG Signal and Recordings
	2 MEG Data Analysis
		2.1 MEG Pre-processing
		2.2 Source Estimation
	3 MEG Applications
		3.1 MEG to Investigate Cognition
		3.2 MEG for Clinical Applications
	4 Conclusion: MEG for Advances in Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience
	References
Chapter 9: EEG/fNIRS
	1 Introduction
	2 Electroencephalography
		2.1 Concept and Brief History
		2.2 Physiologic Procedures of EEG
	3 Materials
		3.1 EEG: Electrodes Placement System
		3.2 EEG Electrodes: Types and  Use
		3.3 EEG Characteristic Signals
	4 EEG Methods
		4.1 Montage Types
		4.2 Preparation for the EEG Process
		4.3 Artifacts in EEG
		4.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of EEG Method
	5 The Discovery of Near-Infrared Radiation: Brief History
		5.1 FNIRS Principles
		5.2 fNIRS Instruments
		5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of fNIRS Method
	6 EEG-fNIRS Co-recording
		6.1 EEG-fNIRS Co-recordings Fields
		6.2 Development of Integrated EEG-fNIRS System
		6.3 Disadvantages and Advantages of fNIRS-EEG Recording
	References
Chapter 10: Brain-Computer Interfaces
	1 Introduction
	2 EEG Control Signals
		2.1 Spontaneous EEG Signals
	3 EEG Recording
	4 Computational Methods
		4.1 EEG Preprocessing for BCI
		4.2 Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition
		4.3 Feature-Based Approaches
		4.4 Approaches Based on Deep Learning
	5 BCI Applications
	6 Medical Applications
		6.1 Assistance
			6.1.1 Communication
			6.1.2 Environmental Control
			6.1.3 Movement
		6.2 Neurorehabilitation
			6.2.1 Restoration of Cognitive Functions
			6.2.2 Motor Restoration
			6.2.3 Diagnosis and Prevention
		6.3 Treatment
	References
Chapter 11: Methods for the Assessment of Multisensory Processing: Behavioral and Neuropsychological Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Multisensory Integration: Neural Bases and Functional Properties
	3 Behavioral Assessment of Multisensory Integration
		3.1 Enhancement Effects
		3.2 Simultaneity Perception
		3.3 Sensory Weighting in Multisensory Conditions
		3.4 Crossmodal Illusions
	4 Neurophysiological Assessment of Multisensory Integration
		4.1 Electroencephalography (EEG)
		4.2 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12: Psychophysiology of Sleep
	1 Introduction
	2 Polysomnography
	3 Normal Sleep
		3.1 Wakefulness after Sleep Onset (WASO)
		3.2 Non-REM Sleep (Stages N1, N2, and N3)
		3.3 REM Sleep
		3.4 Other Physiological Characteristics
	4 Psychological Characteristics
		4.1 Consciousness and Attention
		4.2 Sensory Responsiveness
		4.3 Cognitive Processing
		4.4 Dreams and Mentation
	5 Sleep Disorders
		5.1 Insomnia and Sleep Deprivation
		5.2 Circadian Rhythm Disorders
		5.3 Parasomnia
		5.4 Central Hypersomnia
			5.4.1 Narcolepsy Type 1
			5.4.2 Narcolepsy Type 2
			5.4.3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia
			5.4.4 Kleine Levine Syndrome
		5.5 Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
			5.5.1 Restless Legs Syndrome
			5.5.2 Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
			5.5.3 Sleep Bruxism
			5.5.4 Restless Sleep Disorder
		5.6 Disorders of Breathing During Sleep
		5.7 Other Medical and Psychiatric Conditions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Index