Psychology

Prologue: The Story of Psychology
	What Is Psychology?
		Psychology Is a Science
		Critical Thinking
		Thinking Critically About: The Scientific Attitude
		Psychological Science Is Born
		Psychological Science Develops
		Contemporary Psychology
		Use Psychology to Become a Stronger Person— and a Better Student
Chapter 1 Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
	Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
		The Need for Psychological Science
		The Scientific Method
		Thinking Critically About: Correlation and Causation
		Psychology’s Research Ethics
	Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life
		Describing Data
		Significant Differences
Chapter 2 The Biology of Mind
	Neural and Hormonal Systems
		Biology, Behavior, and Mind
		The Power of Plasticity
		Neural Communication
		The Nervous System
		The Endocrine System
	Tools of Discovery, Older Brain Structures, and the Limbic System
		The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined
		Older Brain Structures
		The Limbic System
	The Cerebral Cortex
		Structure of the Cortex
		Functions of the Cortex
		Thinking Critically About: Using More Than 10 Percent of Our Brain
		Responses to Damage
		The Divided Brain
Chapter 3 Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
	Basic Consciousness Concepts
		Defining Consciousness
		Studying Consciousness
		Selective Attention
		Dual Processing: The Two-Track Mind
	Sleep and Dreams
		Biological Rhythms and Sleep
		Why Do We Sleep?
		Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders
		Dreams
	Drugs and Consciousness
		Tolerance and Addiction in Substance Use Disorders
		Thinking Critically About: Tolerance and Addiction
		Types of Psychoactive Drugs
		Influences on Drug Use
Chapter 4 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
	Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
		Genes: Our Codes for Life
		Twin and Adoption Studies
		Temperament and Heredity
		Heritability
		Gene-Environment Interaction
	Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature
		Natural Selection and Adaptation
		Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities
		An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality
	Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences
		How Does Experience Influence Development?
		Cultural Influences
		Gender Development
		Thinking Critically About: Gender Bias in the Workplace
		Reflections on Nature, Nurture, and Their Interaction
Chapter 5 Developing Through The Life Span
	Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn
		Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues
		Prenatal Development and the Newborn
	Infancy and Childhood
		Physical Development
		Cognitive Development
		Social Development
		Thinking Critically About: Parenting Styles
	Adolescence
		Physical Development
		Cognitive Development
		Social Development
		Emerging Adulthood
	Adulthood
		Physical Development
		Cognitive Development
		Social Development
Chapter 6 Sensation and Perception
	Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
		Processing Sensation and Perception
		Transduction
		Thresholds
		Thinking Critically About: Subliminal Sensation and Subliminal Persuasion
		Sensory Adaptation
		Perceptual Set
		Context, Motivation, and Emotion
	Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing
		Light Energy and Eye Structures
		Information Processing in the Eye and Brain
		Perceptual Organization
		Perceptual Interpretation
	The Nonvisual Senses
		Hearing
		The Other Senses
		Sensory Interaction
		ESP—Perception Without Sensation?
Chapter 7 Learning
	Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning
		How Do We Learn?
		Classical Conditioning
	Operant Conditioning
		Skinner’s Experiments
		Skinner’s Legacy
		Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning
	Biology, Cognition, and Learning
		Biological Constraints on Conditioning
		Cognition’s Influence on Conditioning
		Learning by Observation
		Thinking Critically About: The Effects of Viewing Media Violence
Chapter 8 Memory
	Studying and Encoding Memories
		Studying Memory
		Encoding Memories
	Storing and Retrieving Memories
		Memory Storage
		Memory Retrieval
	Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory
		Forgetting
		Memory Construction Errors
		Thinking Critically About: Can Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse Be Repressed and Then Recovered?
		Improving Memory
Chapter 9 Thinking and Language
	Thinking
		Concepts
		Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles
		Forming Good (and Bad) Decisions and Judgments
		Thinking Critically About: The Fear Factor
		Thinking Creatively
		Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills?
	Language and Thought
		Language Structure
		Language Acquisition and Development
		The Brain and Language
		Do Other Species Have Language?
		Thinking and Language
Chapter 10 Intelligence
	What Is Intelligence?
		Is Intelligence One General Ability?
		Theories of Multiple Intelligences
		Emotional Intelligence
	Assessing Intelligence
		Early and Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
		Principles of Test Construction
	The Dynamics of Intelligence
		Stability or Change?
		Thinking Critically About: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
		Extremes of Intelligence
	Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
		Twin and Adoption Studies
		Environmental Influences
		Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
Chapter 11 What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Belonging, and Achievement
	Basic Motivational Concepts
		Instincts and Evolutionary Theory
		Drives and Incentives
		Arousal Theory
		A Hierarchy of Needs
	Hunger
		The Physiology of Hunger
		The Psychology of Hunger
		Thinking Critically About: The Challenges of Obesity and Weight Control
	Sexual Motivation
		The Physiology of Sex
		The Psychology of Sex
		Sexual Orientation
		Sex and Human Relationships
	Affiliation and Achievement
		The Need to Belong
		Achievement Motivation
Chapter 12 Emotions, Stress, and Health
	Introduction to Emotion
		Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition
		Embodied Emotion
		Thinking Critically About: Lie Detection
	Expressing Emotion
		Detecting Emotion in Others
		Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
		Culture and Emotional Expression
		The Effects of Facial Expressions
	Experiencing Emotion
		Anger
		Happiness
	Stress and Illness
		Stress: Some Basic Concepts
		Stress and Vulnerability to Disease
		Thinking Critically About: Stress and Health
	Health and Coping
		Coping With Stress
		Reducing Stress
Chapter 13 Social Psychology
	Social Thinking
		The Fundamental Attribution Error
		Attitudes and Actions
	Social Influence
		Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
		Obedience: Following Orders
		Lessons From the Conformity and Obedience Studies
		Group Behavior
		Thinking Critically About: The Internet as Social Amplifier
	Antisocial Relations
		Prejudice
		Aggression
	Prosocial Relations
		Attraction
		Altruism
		Conflict and Peacemaking
Chapter 14 Personality
	Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories
		What Is Personality?
		Psychodynamic Theories
	Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories
		Humanistic Theories
		Trait Theories
		Thinking Critically About: The Stigma of Introversion
	Social-Cognitive Theories and the Self
		Social-Cognitive Theories
		Exploring the Self
Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders
	Introduction to Psychological Disorders
		Defining Psychological Disorders
		Understanding Psychological Disorders
		Classifying Disorders—and Labeling People
		Thinking Critically About: ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered Behavior?
		Does Disorder Equal Danger?
		Rates of Psychological Disorders
	Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
		Anxiety Disorders
		Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
		Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
		Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
	Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Suicide, and Self-Injury
		Major Depressive Disorder
		Bipolar Disorder
		Understanding Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder
		Suicide and Self-Injury
	Schizophrenia
		Symptoms of Schizophrenia
		Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
		Understanding Schizophrenia
	Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders
		Dissociative Disorders
		Personality Disorders
		Eating Disorders
Chapter 16 Therapy
	Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies
		Treating Psychological Disorders
		Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies
		Humanistic Therapies
		Behavior Therapies
		Cognitive Therapies
		Group and Family Therapies
	Evaluating Psychotherapies
		Is Psychotherapy Effective?
		Which Psychotherapies Work Best?
		Evaluating Alternative Therapies
		How Do Psychotherapies Help People?
		Culture and Values in Psychotherapy
		Finding a Mental Health Professional
	The Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders
		Thinking Critically About: Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
		Drug Therapies
		Brain Stimulation
		Psychosurgery
		Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience
Back Matter
	Appendix A: Psychology at Work
	Appendix B: Career Fields in Psychology, by Jennifer Zwolinski
	Appendix C: Complete Chapter Reviews
	Appendix D: Answers to Master the Material Questions
	Glossary
	References
	Name Index
		A
		B
		C
		D
		E
		F
		G
		H
		I
		J
		K
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		Q
		R
		S
		T
		U
		V
		W
		Y
		Z
	Subject Index
		A
		B
		C
		D
		E
		F
		G
		H
		I
		J
		K
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		Q
		R
		S
		T
		U
		V
		W
		Y
		Z
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index