Psychobiological Principles of the Memory Process

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Basic Neuroanatomy Underlying the  Memory Systems
	Concept of “Memory Systems”
	Categories of Memory Systems and Their Neuroanatomic Basis
		Phyletic Memory
		Individual Memory
		Short-Term Memory
			Iconic Sensory Memory
			Echoic Sensory Memory
			Active Short-Term Memory
		Long-Term Memory
			Explicit Memory (Declarative)
				Episodic Memory
					Semantic Memory
				Implicit Memory (Non-Declarative)
				Associative Implicit Memory
					Classic Conditioning
					Operant Conditioning
					Non-Associative Implicit Memory
					Procedural Memory
					Habituation
					Sensitization
	References
Chapter 2
Neurochemistry of Memory
	Basic Principles of Neurotransmission
	Acetylcholine-Mediated Neurotransmission
		Cholinergic Activity and Memory
	Neurotransmission Mediated by Biogenic Amines
		Dopamine
			Dopaminergic Activity and Memory
		Norepinephrine
			Norepinephrine and Memory
		Serotonin
			Serotonin and Memory
	Neurotransmission Mediated by Amino Acids
		Glutamic Acid
			Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Memory
		GABA
			GABAergic Neurotransmission and Memory
	References
Chapter 3
Synaptic Plasticity Associated with Memory
	Interneuronal Communication
	History of Dendritic Spines
	General Structure of Spines
	Spinogenesis
	Spines and Synapses
	Excitatory Synaptic Transmission
	The Electrophysiological Basis of Synaptic Plasticity
	Synaptic Plasticity, Learning, and Memory
	References
Chapter 4
The Neuromodulation of Cognitive Processes
	The Concept of “Neuromodulation”
	Neurotransmitters with Neuromodulatory Activity
	The Immune System
		Cytokines and Cognitive Processes
			Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β)
			Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α)
			Interleukin 2 (IL-2)
			Interleukin 10 (IL-10)
			Interleukin 15 (IL-15)
			Interleukin 18 (IL-18)
			Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ)
	Steroid Hormones
		Action Mechanisms of Steroids
		Participation of Estrogen Receptors in Modulating Cognitive Functions
	References
Chapter 5
The Development and Maturation of Memory
	Genes, Synaptic Activity, and Plasticity
		Genes Related to Synaptic Activity
		Gene Expression Dependent on Synaptic Activity
		Activity-Regulated Genes That Modify Synaptic Strength
			Regulator of Signaling Gene 2 (RSG2)
			Candidate Gene for Plasticity 2 (CGP2)
			Serum-Induced Protein Kinase (SNK)
		Genes That Regulate Synaptic Addition and Elimination
			Candidate Gene for Plasticity 15 (CPG15)
			Tissue Plasminogen Activator (PLAT)
			Neuronal Protein with PAS 4 Domain (NPAS4)
			Pentraxin Regulated by Neuronal Activity (NPTX2)
	Genes and Memory
		Calcium Signaling Genes
		Genetic Variability and Memory-Related Disorders
			Gene APOE
			Gene BDNF
			Gene WWC1
			Gene COMT
			Gene HTR2A
	Epigenetic Mechanisms and Memory
		Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Synaptic Function
		Epigenetics in Memory Formation
		Epigenetically Mediated Synaptic Plasticity
	Development of Memory in Childhood and Adolescence
	Cognitive Performance During the Reproductive Age of Women
		The Menstrual Cycle and Memory
		Cognitive Performance during Pregnancy
	Variations in Cognitive Performance during Menopause
		Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Cognitive Functions
	Aging
		Successful Aging
	References
Chapter 6
Pathological Disorders Associated with Memory Impairments
	Memory in Clinical Medicine
	Psychopathological Alterations of Memory: Amnesias
		Quantitative Amnestic Disorders
			Hypomnesia
			Hypermnesia
			Prodigious Hypermnesia
			Fixation or Anterograde Amnesia
			Conservation Amnesia
			Evocational or Retrograde Amnesia
			Differentiated Amnesias
			Transient Global Amnesia
			Lacunar or Circumscribed Amnesia
			Affective Amnesias
			Functional Amnesias
		Qualitative Amnestic Disorders
			Pseudo-Reminiscences
			Cryptomnesia
			Paramnesias
			Duplicative Paramnesia
	Psychopathological Alterations of Memory: Dementias
		Alzheimer’s Disease
	Psychopathological Alterations of Memory: Epilepsy
		Pre-Ictal Stage
		Ictal Stage
		Post-Ictal Stage
	Psychopathological Alterations of Memory:  Major Depressive Disorder
	Psychopathological Alterations of Memory: Schizophrenia
		Etiology of Schizophrenia
		Distinctive Development of Schizophrenia
		Schizophrenia and Cognitive Performance
		Neuroanatomic Bases of Schizophrenia
		Memory in the Pre-Morbid Stage of Schizophrenia
	References
Chapter 7
Experimental Study of Memory in  Animal Models
	Where to?
	From Where?
	The Theoretical Challenge: The Evolutionary Development of Psychic Activity
	The Methodological Challenge: Experimental Studies
		Characteristics and Implementation of an Experimental Model
		Validation Criteria for Experimental Studies
			Construct Validity
			Face Validity
			Predictive Validity
	The Technological Challenge: Experimental Devices
	References
About the Author
Index
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