Psychiatric Institutions and Society (Routledge Studies in Modern European History)

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
	Topic and period of investigation
	Object of inquiry
	Methodology, complexes of theory and research, and the book\'s structure
		Operationalizing comparison
		Complexes of theory and research: state and psychiatry
		Complexes of theory and research: danger and security
		Complexes of theory and research: disease and diagnosis
		Complexes of theory and research: work and performance
	Sources
		Source materials and their evaluation: a qualitative study with quantitative underpinnings
		A social history of medicine that takes account of Science Studies: journals and textbooks as complementary sources for interpreting medical records
	Notes
1. Historical parameters of committal practice: Psychiatry, state, and society to 1941
	Types of asylums and clinics
	The role of psychiatric institutions
		Physician and patient: cure, recovery, and quartering
		Security, the justice system, and the police
	Psychiatry as supplier of knowledge applied by the state
		Psychiatrists as providers of expert evaluations
		Psychiatric knowledge as war-related knowledge
	Psychiatric knowledge as a foil for the interpretation of social problems
	Changes during the Nazi era up to 1941 and the incipient murder of the sick
	Notes
2. The state and psychiatric institutions: Parameters and committal decisions
	The murder of the sick and shortages: the practice of committal during World War II
		Patients and physicians in cases of committal
			Independent physicians (niedergelassene Ärzte) and committal decisions
		Initiation of committals by relatives
	Committal practices in a \"society in a state of collapse\" (Zusammenbruchgesellschaft), 1945-1949
	New pathways and lack of places: the practice of committal in the GDR
		Underfunding and lack of places
		Changes in committal pathways associated with the role of polyclinics and specialist boards (Fachärztegremien)
			Summary: state and psychiatric institutions in the GDR
	The contested role of psychiatric institutions and controversial committal practices in West Germany
		Who belongs in an asylum? Debates on costs and the relationship between security and illness
		Patients between doctors, relatives, and overcrowded clinics
	Between voluntariness and coercion, assistance and long-term residential placement: committals from the perspective of patients in the Nazi era, the GDR, and the FRG
	Summary: framework conditions, actors, and the role of the asylum in comparative perspective
	Notes
3. Danger and security: On the practice of compulsory committal
	\"A threat to public safety\"? Compulsory committals during World War II
		Soldier committals at the front and \"home front\"
		The elderly as a threat: the radicalization of committal practices by institutions and the social milieu
		Security, sexuality, and work: committals of \"asocial female psychopaths\"
		Interpretation: compulsory committals during the war
	Unregulated spaces: the new power of doctors and relatives in the GDR
		The regulation of forcible committal in the GDR
		Standards and decisions: the coalition of practice encompassing asylum physicians and families
	Judicial compulsory committal: new regulations and their implementation in the FRG
		New regulations and their acceptance
			Figures on compulsory committals and what they tell us
			New regulations on compulsory committals in Bavaria, Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia
			Resistance to the new regulations on forcible committal
		Informal preliminary decisions by families and physicians
	Summary: practices of compulsory committal in comparative perspective
	Notes
4. Disease and diagnostics: Medical aspects of committal
	The role of the psychiatrist
	The relationship between doctor and patient
	The psychiatrist as expert: diagnostic classifications and the clinical picture of schizophrenia in the Nazi era and early FRG
		The Würzburg Key as a diagnostic scheme in the \"Third Reich\"
		Practice, tradition, and local knowledge: the diagnostics debate in the FRG
		Continuities and ruptures in diagnoses of schizophrenia in the FRG
	Between tradition, Pavlov, and the WHO: multiple diagnostic classifications and the clinical picture of schizophrenia in the GDR
		Medical reactions to diagnostic grids
		Schizophrenia between tradition and Pavlov
	Diagnostic practice in the FRG and GDR
		Psychiatrists among themselves
		Psychiatrists and other physicians
	The relationship between doctor and patient
		The flow of information from family to institution
		Doctors\' and lay diagnoses
		Correspondence between laypersons and physicians
		Circulation of knowledge between East and West: lay demands for \"Western\" treatment standards
	Summary: disease and diagnostics in comparative perspective
	Notes
5. Work and performance: Ability and inability to work in committal rationales
	Sources and what they can tell us
	At the threshold: work and institutionalization, 1941-1963
		Inclusion and exclusion: work in families\' committal rationales during the war
		Restoring capacity for work, safeguarding work processes: familial reasoning about committals in West Germany
		A double-edged sword: work in East German committal rationales
	The healthy self during World War II, in the GDR, and in the FRG
		\"Overwork\" in wartime and in the early FRG
		Work capacity as a sign of health during World War II and in the FRG
		Ability to work and \"overwork\" in the GDR
		Interpretation: differing perceptions in East and West
	The medical perspective on work and performance between 1941 and 1963
		\"Psychopathy\" as a diagnosis in the Nazi era
			Psychiatric discourse
			Physicians\' diagnostic practice
		Managerial disease, \"psychopathy,\" and \"exhaustion\" (Erschöpftsein): medical interpretations of \"overwork\" in the FRG
			Theoretical concepts
			Overwork, \"psychopathy,\" and legitimate exhaustion in diagnostic practice
		\"Overworked\" diagnostics: a new scientific discourse with consequences for psychiatric practice in the Soviet occupation zone and GDR
			Work in the committal: questions about salary and occupation in medical histories
			\"Overwork\" in medical diagnostics: from \"psychopathy\" to organ neurosis
			Ramifications of Pavlovian theory in psychiatric practice
	Summary: work and performance in comparative perspective
	Notes
Conclusion
	Patient records as a source: the benefits of a combined hermeneutic and functional approach
	State, science, and social practice
	Work as a category of difference shaped by the sociopolitical system
	Freedom (and its limits), society, and statehood
	Notes
Appendix
	1. Statistical analysis of the committal pathway
		Tables: Committal pathway from 1941 to end of war
		Tables: Committal pathway from end of war to 1949 inclusive
		Tables: Committal pathway, 1950-1955
		Tables: Committal pathway, 1956-1963
	2. Further statistical analyses
Sources and bibliography
	Sources
		Unprinted sources
			Archive of the District of Upper Bavaria
			Archive of the Hesse Land Welfare Association
			Bavarian Main State Archive Munich
			Federal Archive Koblenz
			Federal Archive Lichterfelde
			Main Archive of the von Bodelschwingh Foundations Bethel
			Hesse Main State Archive Marburg
			Greifswald Land Archive
			Schwerin Main Land Archive
			Saxony Main State Archive Dresden
			Saxony State Archive Chemnitz
			State Archive Munich
			Munich City Archive
			Greifswald University Archive
		Printed sources
			Psychiatric journals
			Psychiatric textbooks and monographs
	Bibliography
Index