Psychiatric Drugs Explained, 7e (Jun 26, 2022)_(0702083909)_(Elsevier).pdf

Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Introduction
	Consumers and Compliance
	Individual End-Points
	Pharmacopsychology
1. The person on treatment
	Chapter contents
	Introduction
	Christmas tree light bulb test
Section 1: Management of the Psychoses
	2. The antipsychotics
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		History of the antipsychotics
		Are antipsychotics antischizophrenic?
		How antipsychotics work
		A ‘who cares’ feeling
		Antipsychotics and positive symptoms of psychosis
		Antipsychotics and negative schizophrenia
		Clozapine and second-generation antipsychotics
		Antipsychotic doses
		Flexible therapy
		For how long should treatment continue?
		Depot antipsychotics
		Antiemetics
		Antipsychotics and psychotherapy
		Significant interactions
		Special conditions
	3. Antipsychotic side effects and their management
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Dopamine system effects and side effects
		Non-dopamine side effects
		Management of side effects
		References
Section 2: Management of Depression
	4. The antidepressants
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		History
		Depression
		Do antidepressants work?
		What do Antidepressants do?
		Antidepressants: first choice or last resort?
		Starting antidepressants
		Stopping antidepressants
		Antidepressants and children
	5. Side effects of antidepressants
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		The ambiguous side effects of antidepressants
		Effects special to the MAOIs
		References
Section 3: Management of Bipolar Disorders
	6. Management of acute bipolar disorder
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Lithium for mania
		Antipsychotics for mania
		Anticonvulsants for mania
		Carbamazepine
		Sodium valproate
		Lamotrigine, gabapentin and oxcarbazepine
		Topiramate and vigabatrin
		Acetazolamide
		Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
		Benzodiazepines
		Do antidepressants cause mania?
		Bipolar-mania
	7. Mood-stabilisers
		Chapter contents
		History of mood-stabilisation
		Lithium as a mood-stabiliser
		The anticonvulsant mood-stabilisers
		Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine
		Sodium and semi-sodium valproate
		Lamotrigine
		Gabapentin and pregabalin
		Topiramate and levetiracetam
		Antipsychotics as mood-stabilisers
		Cocktail treatment
		Coda
		References
Section 4: Psychotropic Drugs For Children
	8. Stimulants and drugs for children
		Chapter contents
		The history of the stimulants
		The emergence of ADHD
		Stimulant treatment for ADHD
		Non-stimulant drug treatments of ADHD
		Non-drug treatments of ADHD
		Other uses of stimulants
		Psychotropic drugs and children: general principles
		The use of antidepressants for children
		The use of antipsychotics for children
		References
Section 5: Management of Anxiety
	9. The anxiety disorders
		Chapter contents
		Drugs used in anxiety
		Forms of anxiety
		The notion of an anxiolytic
	10. Benzodiazepine and gabapentinoid anxiolytics
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Mechanism of action of the benzodiazepines
		Classes of benzodiazepines
		Clinical uses for benzodiazepines
		Benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal
		Gabapentinoids
	11. Serotonin and anxiolysis
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Serotonergic receptors and drugs
		Serotonin and anxiolysis
	12. Beta-blockers and anxiety
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Performance-related anxiety
		Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
		Panic attacks: a puzzle?
		Tremor
		Akathisia and restlessness
		Prazosin and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
		References
Section 6: Management of Sleep Disorders and Insomnia
	13. Sleep disorders and insomnia
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		The sleep disorders
		Insomnia
	14. Non-pharmacological management of insomnia
		Chapter contents
		Caffeine
		Environmental factors
		Relaxation
		Body awareness
		Stimulus-control treatments
		Routines
		Paradoxical intention
		Forward planning
		Use of mantras and yogic breathing exercises
		Medication
	15. Hypnotics
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Common hypnotics
	16. Sedatives
		Chapter contents
		Melatonin and its analogues
		Chloral compounds
		Barbiturates and related compounds
		Chlormethiazole
		Sedative antidepressants and antipsychotics
		Antihistamines
		References
Section 7: Management of Cognitive Impairment
	17. Cognitive enhancement and the dementias
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		The dementias
	18. Cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Second-generation cholinomimetics
		Cholinomimetics in other therapeutic areas
		Memantine (EVISTA)
		Management of multi-infarct dementia
		Management of subcortical dementias
		Neuroprotection
		Cognitive enhancement and the politics of diagnosis
		Smart drugs
		References
Section 8: Management of Sexual Difficulties
	19. The range of sexual difficulties
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Women and men
		Male potency
		Ejaculation and orgasm
		Libido
		Sexual responses in women
		Sexual orientation, objects and practices
	20. Effects of drugs on aspects of sexual functioning
		Chapter contents
		Drug effects on sexual function: males (See Appendix 20.1)
		Ejaculatory and orgasmic effects
		Drug effects on sexual function: females (See Appendix 20.2)
		Aphrodisiacs
		Yohimbine, trazodone and cyproheptadine
		Intrapenile treatments
		Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
		Anti-aphrodisiacs
		Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD)
		Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD)
		Appendix 20.1
		References
Section 9: Management of Dependence and Withdrawal
	21. Dependence and withdrawal
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Rebound symptoms
		Withdrawal syndromes
		Brain physiology
		Tolerance
		Withdrawal syndrome
	22. Dependence and craving
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Craving
		Behavioural sensitisation
		Appetites
		Pharmacological management of appetites
		Psychological factors in substance abuse
		Disinhibition
	23. Dependence and protracted withdrawal
		Chapter contents
		Historical perspective
		Antipsychotic and antidepressant dependence
		Stress syndromes
		Protracted withdrawal or legacy effects?
		References
Section 10: Consent, Abuse And Liability
	24. Consent
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		Voluntary consent
		Information and comprehension
		Clinical trials and legal jeopardy
		Compliance
		Prescribing
	25. Pharmacological abuse
		Chapter contents
		The problem
		The dynamics of abuse
		Prescription ‘rights’
		The Right not to be disabled by treatment
		References
Section 11: The Marketing Of Tranquillity
	26. The ethical industry
		Chapter contents
		Introduction
		The magic bullet
		The interface between ethics and markets
		Consequences
	27. Evidence-biased care
		Chapter contents
		Access to data
		The origin of randomised trials
		The placebo effect
		Rcts and efficacy
		What's wrong with RCTs?
		Pharmagnosia
		Rcts are risky
	28. Marketing and risk
		Chapter contents
		The marketing of depression
		The marketing of bipolar disorder
		The marketing of female sexual dysfunction
		Rating scale mongering
		Risk management
		The new marketing
	29. From healthcare to pharmageddon
		Chapter contents
		Perceptions of progress in mental health
		Healthcare versus health products ltd
		Pharmageddon
		References
Index