Protogaea

CONTENTS......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
PROTOGAEA......Page 44
ii. The first formation of the earth through fire......Page 45
iii. Different opinions concerning the creation of the globe......Page 47
iv. Sea salt, fires, and cycles of precipitation......Page 51
v. The many changes in our globe after its initial creation......Page 53
vi. What was the source of the water that covered the earth? And where did it go?......Page 57
vii. Bructerus and the origin of springs......Page 61
viii. Deposits of metal in the earth and a description of veins......Page 63
ix. The generation of minerals explained through chemistry......Page 69
x. Products common to laboratories and mines......Page 73
xi. The generation of precious stones, natural and artifi cial......Page 75
xii. Natural sublimations and the preparation of sal ammoniac......Page 77
xiv. Some bodies owe their form to the movement of waters......Page 79
xvi. Kinds of tuff stone formed by dripping water......Page 81
xvii. Some things arise from the combined action of heat and water......Page 83
xviii. Where do the shapes of various fi sh imprinted on slates come from?......Page 85
xix. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and other things show that there is fire inside our globe......Page 91
xx. The forms of fish imprinted on slate come from real fish, and are not games of nature......Page 93
xxi. The different layers of the earth, their locations, and the origin of salts and salt waters......Page 97
xxii. The origin of mountains and hills explained through waters, winds, and earthquakes......Page 99
xxiii. Marine shells are found throughout our region and elsewhere......Page 101
xxiv. The various kinds of shells were not created inside the stone, as is evident from their forms and positions......Page 103
xxvi. In ancient times, nearby seas contained animals and shellfish that are no longer found there......Page 107
xxvii. Glossopetrae, asterias, trochites, etc., are the remains of marine animals, and not games of nature......Page 111
xxviii. But it is wrong to include the polygonal shapes that can be found in crystals among these......Page 113
xxix. In which a certain lazy ingenuity, which invents things alien to truth, is rejected......Page 115
xxx. Where can the Lüneburg glossopetrae be found?......Page 119
xxxi. Glossopetrae are sharks’ teeth......Page 121
xxxii. The medical use of glossopetrae......Page 127
xxxiii. Belemnites, osteocolla, shell-filled stones, and fossil ivory......Page 129
xxxiv. Bones, jaws, skulls, and teeth found in our region......Page 139
xxxv. The unicorn’s horn, and an enormous animal unearthed in Quedlinburg......Page 143
xxxvi. Sharzfeld Cave and the bones that have been found in it......Page 147
xxxvii. The Baumann Cave and its contents......Page 151
xxxviii. On the nature of amber, especially the kind found in our region......Page 157
xxxix. Changes wrought by rivers and the vestiges of upheavals in our region......Page 159
xl. The struggle between sea and land......Page 161
xli. Sea and marsh once covered Venice and Este......Page 163
xlii. The marvelous fountains of Modena......Page 165
xliii. How Modena’s fountains are produced......Page 169
xliv. The layers of earth in Rosdorf, near Göttingen......Page 171
xlv. On buried trees and petrified wood......Page 173
xlvi. Peat and its origin......Page 177
xlviii. The layers of earth observed while digging a well in Amsterdam......Page 181
Appendix: Text from Friedrich Lachmund’s Oryktographia Hildesheimensis (1669)......Page 186
Glossary......Page 194
Bibliography......Page 198
Index......Page 208