Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage

Cover
IFC
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION: WHY PROJECT MANAGEMENT?
	PROJECT PROFILE: Development Projects that are Transforming Africa
	The Need for Projects
	What is a Project?
		General Project Characteristics
		PROJECT PROFILE: President Obama Signs the Program Management Improvement and Accountability Act
	Why are Projects Important?
		PROJECT PROFILE: London’s Crossrail: Europe’s Largest Construction Project
	Project Life Cycles
		BOX 1.1: Project Managers in Practice
	Determinants of Project Success
		BOX 1.2: Project Management Research in Brief
	Developing Project Management Maturity
	Employability Skills
		Communication
		Critical Thinking
		Collaboration
		Knowledge Application And Analysis
		Business Ethics And Social Responsibility
		Information Technology Application And Computing Skills
		Data Literacy
	Project Elements and Text Organization
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Discussion Questions 
		Case Study 1.1 MegaTech, Inc.
		Case Study 1.2 The IT Department at Hamelin Hospital
		Case Study 1.3 Disney’s Expedition Everest?
		Case Study 1.4 “Throwing Good Money after Bad”: the BBC’s Digital Media Initiative
		Internet Exercises
		PMP Certification Sample Questions
		Answers
		Notes
Chapter 2 THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT: STRATEGY, STRUCTURE, AND CULTURE
	PROJECT PROFILE: The Airbus A 380: A Failure of Strategy?
	Implementing Strategy Through Projects
	Projects and Organizational Strategy
	Stakeholder Management
		Identifying Project Stakeholders
		Managing Stakeholders
	Organizational Structure
		Forms of Organizational Structure
		Functional Organizations
		Project Organizations
		Matrix Organizations
		Moving to Heavyweight Project Organizations
		BOX 2.1: Project Management Research in Brief
	Project Management Offices
	Organizational Culture
		How Do Cultures Form?
		Organizational Culture and Project Management
		PROJECT PROFILE: Electronic Arts and the Power of Strong Culture in Design Teams
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions  
			Case Study 2.1 Rolls-Royce Corporation
			Case Study 2.2 Classic Case: Paradise Lost—The Xerox Alto
			Case Study 2.3 Project Task Estimation and the Culture of “Gotcha!”
			Case Study 2.4 Widgets ’R Us
			Internet Exercises
			PMP Certification Sample Questions
			Answers
			Integrated Project—Building Your Project Plan
			Notes
Chapter 3 PROJECT SELECTION AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
	PROJECT PROFILE: Project Selection Procedures: A Cross-Industry Sampler
	Introduction: Project Selection
	Approaches to Project Screening and Selection
		Method One: Checklist Model
		Method Two: Simplified Scoring Models
		Limitations of Scoring Models
		Method Three: The Analytical Hierarchy Process
		Method Four: Profile Models
	Financial Models
		Payback Period
		Net Present Value
		Discounted Payback
		Internal Rate of Return
		Choosing a Project Selection Approach
		PROJECT PROFILE: Project Selection and Screening at GE: The Tollgate Process
	Project Portfolio Management
		Objectives and Initiatives
		The Portfolio Selection Process
		Developing a Proactive Portfolio
		Keys to Successful Project Portfolio Management
		Problems in Implementing Portfolio Management
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Solved Problems 
			Discussion Questions
			Problems
			Case Study 3.1 Keflavik Paper Company
			Case Study 3.2 Project Selection at Nova Western, Inc.
			Internet Exercises
			Notes
Chapter 4 LEADERSHIP AND THE PROJECT MANAGER
	PROJECT PROFILE: NASA Taps a Leader with the Right Stuff to Run Their Mars 2020 Project
	Introduction: Successful Projects Need Leaders
	Leaders Versus Managers
	How the Project Manager Leads
		Acquiring Project Resources
		Motivating and Building Teams
		Having a Vision and Fighting Fires
		Communicating
		BOX 4.1: Project Management Research in Brief
	Traits of Effective Project Leaders
		Conclusions about Project Leaders
		PROJECT PROFILE: Leading by Example for the London Olympics—Sir John Armitt
	Project Champions
		Champions—Who Are They?
		What Do Champions Do?
		How to Make a Champion
	The New Project Leadership
		BOX 4.2: Project Managers in Practice
		PROJECT PROFILE: The Challenge of Managing Internationally
	Project Management Professionalism
	Project Management and Ethics
		Unethical Behaviors in Project Management
		PROJECT PROFILE: Brazilian Construction Giant Caught in Wide-Spread Corruption Scandal
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions 
			Case Study 4.1 In Search of Effective Project Managers  
			Case Study 4.2 Finding the Emotional Intelligence to Be a Real Leader
			Case Study 4.3 Volkswagen and Its Project to Cheat Emissions Tests
			Case Study 4.4 Problems with John  
			Internet Exercises
			PMP Certification Sample Questions 
			Answers
			Notes
Chapter 5 SCOPE MANAGEMENT
	PROJECT PROFILE: Berlin’s Brandenburg Willy Brandt International Airport
	Introduction: The Importance of Scope Management
	Conceptual Development
		The Statement of Work
		The Project Charter
		PROJECT PROFILE: Statements of Work: Then and Now
	The Scope Statement
		The Work Breakdown Structure
		Purposes of the Work Breakdown Structure
		The Organization Breakdown Structure
		The Responsibility Assignment Matrix
		PROJECT PROFILE: Defining a Project Work Package
	Work Authorization
	Scope Reporting
		BOX 5.1: Project Management Research in Brief
	Control Systems
		Configuration Management
	Project Closeout
	Project Management and Sustainability
		Managing Projects for Sustainability
		PROJECT PROFILE: Nicaragua’s Canal and Sustainability Challenges
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions  
			Problems
			Case Study 5.1 Boeing’s Virtual Fence 
			Case Study 5.2 California’s High-Speed Rail Project
			Case Study 5.3 Project Management at Dotcom.com
			Case Study 5.4 The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle
			Internet Exercises  
			PMP Certification Sample Questions
			Answers  
			MS Project Exercises
			Appendix 5.1: Sample Project Charter
			Integrated Project—Developing the Work Breakdown Structure
			Notes
Chapter 6 PROJECT TEAM BUILDING, CONFLICT, AND NEGOTIATION
	PROJECT PROFILE: Team-Building Events – Heli-skiing and Zombie Apocalypses
	Introduction
	Building the Project Team
		Identify Necessary Skill Sets
		Identify People Who have the required Skills
		Talk to Potential Team Members and Negotiate with Functional Heads
		Build in Fallback Positions
		Assemble the Team
	Characteristics of Effective Project Teams
		A Clear Sense of Mission
		A Productive Interdependency
		Cohesiveness
		Trust
		Enthusiasm
		Results Orientation
	Reasons Why Teams Fail
		Poorly Developed or Unclear Goals
		Poorly Defined Project Team Roles and Interdependencies
		Lack of Project Team Motivation
		Poor Communication
		Poor Leadership
		Turnover Among Project Team Members
		Dysfunctional Behavior
	Stages in Group Development
		Stage One: Forming
		Stage Two: Storming
		Stage Three: Norming
		Stage Four: Performing
		Stage Five: Adjourning
		Punctuated Equilibrium
	Achieving Cross-Functional Cooperation
		Superordinate Goals
		Rules and Procedures
		Physical Proximity
		Accessibility
		Outcomes of Cooperation: Task and Psychosocial Results
	Virtual Project Teams
		PROJECT PROFILE: Tele-Immersion Technology Eases the Use of Virtual Teams
	Conflict Management
		What Is Conflict?
		Sources of Conflict
		Methods for Resolving Conflict
		PROJECT PROFILE: Engineers Without Borders: Project Teams Impacting Lives
	Negotiation
		Questions to Ask Prior to the Negotiation
		Principled Negotiation
		Invent Options for Mutual Gain
		Insist on Using Objective Criteria
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions 
			Case Study 6.1 Columbus Instruments
			Case Study 6.2 The Bean Counter and the Cowboy
			Case Study 6.3 Johnson & Rogers 
Software Engineering, Inc.
			Exercise in Negotiation 
			Internet Exercises
			PMP Certification Sample Questions 
			Answers
			Notes
Chapter 7 RISK MANAGEMENT
	PROJECT PROFILE: Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7—Failure to Manage a New Product for Risk
	Introduction: What is Project Risk?
		BOX 7.1: Project Managers in Practice
	Risk Management: A Four-Stage Process
		Risk Identification
		PROJECT PROFILE: Japan Decommissions a $9 Billion Nuclear Reactor that was Hardly Used
		Risk Breakdown Structures
		Analysis of Probability and Consequences
		Risk Mitigation Strategies
		Use of Contingency Reserves
		Other Mitigation Strategies
		Control and Documentation
		PROJECT PROFILE: Collapse of Shanghai Apartment Building
	Project Risk Management: An Integrated Approach
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Solved Problem
		Discussion Questions
		Problems
		Case Study 7.1 Classic Case: de Havilland’s Falling Comet
		Case Study 7.2 The Building that Melted Cars
		Case Study 7.3 Classic Case: Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge
		Internet Exercises
		PMP Certification Sample Questions
		Answers
		Integrated Project—Project Risk Assessment
		Notes
Chapter 8 COST ESTIMATION AND BUDGETING
	PROJECT PROFILE: New York City’s Second Avenue Subway – Two Miles Completed for Only $5 Billion Spent
	Cost Management
		Direct Versus Indirect Costs
		Recurring Versus Nonrecurring Costs
		Fixed Versus Variable Costs
		Normal Versus Expedited Costs
	Cost Estimation
		Learning Curves in Cost Estimation
		Software Project Estimation—Function Points
		BOX 8.1: Project Management Research in Brief
		Problems with Cost Estimation
		BOX 8.2: Project Management Research in Brief
	Creating a Project Budget
		Top-Down Budgeting
		Bottom-Up Budgeting
		Activity-Based Costing
	Developing Budget Contingencies
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Solved Problems
		Discussion Questions
		Problems
		Case Study 8.1 The Hidden Costs of Infrastructure Projects—The Case of Building Dams 
		Case Study 8.2 Sochi Olympics—What’s the Cost of National Prestige? 
		Internet Exercises
		PMP Certification Sample Questions
		Answers
		Integrated Project—Developing the Cost Estimates and Budget
		Notes
Chapter 9 PROJECT SCHEDULING: NETWORKS, DURATION ESTIMATION, AND CRITICAL PATH
	PROJECT PROFILE: Preparing for a Major Golf Tournament – It’s a Long Road to the First Tee
	Introduction
	Project Scheduling
	Key Scheduling Terminology
	Developing A Network
		Labeling Nodes
		Serial Activities
		Concurrent Activities
		Merge Activities
		Burst Activities
	Duration Estimation
	Constructing the Critical Path
		Calculating the Network
		The Forward Pass
		The Backward Pass
		Probability of Project Completion
		Laddering Activities
		Hammock Activities
		Options for Reducing the Critical Path
		BOX 9.1: Project Management Research in Brief
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Solved Problems 
			Discussion Questions
			Problems
			Case Study 9.1 Moving the Historic Capen House
			Internet Exercises 
			MS Project Exercises
			Answers
			PMP Certification Sample Questions
			Notes
Chapter 10 PROJECT SCHEDULING: LAGGING, CRASHING, AND ACTIVITY NETWORKS
	PROJECT PROFILE: Kiruna, Sweden – A Town on the Move!
	Introduction
	Lags in Precedence Relationships
		Finish to Start
		Finish to Finish
		Start to Start
		Start to Finish
	Gantt Charts
		Adding Resources to Gantt Charts
		Incorporating Lags in Gantt Charts
		BOX 10.1: Project Managers in Practice
	Crashing Projects
		Options for Accelerating Projects
		Crashing the Project: Budget Effects
	Activity-On-Arrow Networks
		How Are They Different?
		AOA Versus AON
	Controversies in the Use of Networks
		Conclusions
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Solved Problems
			Discussion Questions
			Problems
			Case Study 10.1 Project Scheduling at Blanque Cheque Construction (A)
			Case Study 10.2 Project Scheduling at Blanque Cheque Construction (B)
			MS Project Exercises
			PMP Certification Sample Questions 
			Answers
			Integrated Project—Developing the Project Schedule
			Notes
Chapter 11 ADVANCED TOPICS IN PLANNING AND SCHEDULING: AGILE AND CRITICAL CHAIN
	PROJECT PROFILE: General Electric – Using Agile Methods to Speed New Project Delivery
	Introduction
	Agile Project Management
		What Is Unique About Agile PM?
		Tasks Versus Stories
		Key Terms in Agile PM
		Steps in Agile
		Sprint Planning
		Daily Scrums
		The Development Work
		Sprint Reviews
		Sprint Retrospective
		Keys to Success with Agile
		Problems with Agile
		BOX 11.1: Project Management Research in Brief
	Extreme Programming (XP)
	Theory of Constraints and Critical Chain Project Scheduling
		Theory of Constraints
	The Critical Chain Solution to Project Scheduling
		Developing the Critical Chain Activity Network
		Critical Chain Solutions Versus Critical Path Solutions
		PROJECT PROFILE: Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals and Its Commitment to Critical Chain Project Management
	Critical Chain Solutions to Resource Conflicts
	Critical Chain Project Portfolio Management
		BOX 11.2: Project Management Research in Brief
	Critiques of CCPM
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Solved Problem
		Discussion Questions
		Problems
		Case Study 11.1 It’s an Agile World
		Case Study 11.2 Ramstein Products, Inc.
		Internet Exercises
		Notes
Chapter 12 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
	PROJECT PROFILE: Environmental Concerns and Political Leadership Impact Fossil Fuel Project Cancellations
	Introduction
	The Basics of Resource Constraints
		Time and Resource Scarcity
	Resource Loading
	Resource Leveling
		Step One: Develop the Resource-Loading Table
		Step Two: Determine Activity Late Finish Dates
		Step Three: Identify Resource Overallocation
		Step Four: Level the Resource-Loading Table
	Resource-Loading Charts
		BOX 12.1: Project Managers in Practice
	Managing Resources in Multiproject Environments
		Schedule Slippage
		Resource Utilization
		In-Process Inventory
		Resolving Resource Decisions in Multiproject Environments
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Solved Problem
			Discussion Questions
			Problems
			Case Study 12.1 The Problems of Multitasking
			Case Study 12.2 “First Come, First Served”: Resource Challenges for Sunrise Restoration
			Internet Exercises
			MS Project Exercises
			PMP Certification Sample Questions 
			Answers
			Integrated Project—Managing Your Project’s Resources
			Notes
Chapter 13 PROJECT EVALUATION AND CONTROL
	PROJECT PROFILE: U.S. Army Can’t Track Spending on its Spending Tracker Project
	Introduction
	Control Cycles—A General Model
	Monitoring Project Performance
		The Project S-Curve: A Basic Tool
		S-Curve Drawbacks
		Milestone Analysis
		Problems with Milestones
		The Tracking Gantt Chart
		Benefits and Drawbacks of Tracking Gantt Charts
	Earned Value Management
		Terminology for Earned Value
		Creating Project Baselines
		Why Use Earned Value?
		Steps in Earned Value Management
		Assessing a Project’s Earned Value
	Using Earned Value to Manage a Portfolio of Projects
		Flow of Earned Value System
		PROJECT PROFILE: Earned Value at Northrop Grumman
	Issues in the Effective Use of Earned Value Management
	Human Factors in Project Evaluation and Control
		Critical Success Factor Definitions
		Conclusions
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Solved Problem
			Discussion Questions
			Problems
			Case Study 13.1 The IT Department at Kimble College
			Case Study 13.2 The Superconducting Supercollider
			Case Study 13.3 “Dear Mr. President—Please cancel our project!”: The Honolulu Elevated Rail Project
			Internet
Exercises
			MS Project Exercises
			PMP Certification Sample Questions
			Answers
			Appendix 13.1: Earned Schedule
			Notes
Chapter 14 PROJECT CLOSEOUT AND TERMINATION
	PROJECT PROFILE: Amazon’s Golden Touch Fails with a High-Tech Gadget
	Introduction
	Types of Project Termination
		BOX 14.1: Project Managers in Practice
	Natural Termination—the Closeout Process
		Finishing the Work
		Handing Over the Project
		Gaining Acceptance for the Project
		Harvesting the Benefits
		Reviewing How It All Went
		Putting It All to Bed
		Disbanding the Team
		What Prevents Effective Project Closeouts?
	Early Termination for Projects
		Making the Early Termination Decision
		PROJECT PROFILE: Aftermath of a “Feeding Frenzy”: Dubai and Canceled Construction Projects
		Shutting Down the Project
		Allowing for Claims and Disputes
		BOX 14.2: Project Management Research in Brief
	Preparing the Final Project Report
	Conclusion
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Discussion Questions 
		Case Study 14.1 New Jersey Kills Hudson River Tunnel Project  
		Case Study 14.2 The Project That Wouldn’t Die 
		Case Study 14.3 The Navy Struggles to Avoid Cancellation of its Littoral Combat Ship Program
		Internet Exercises
		PMP Certification Sample Questions
		Answers
		Appendix 14.1: Sample Pages from Project Sign-off Document
		Notes
Appendix A The Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix B Tutorial for MS Project 2016
Appendix C Project Plan Template
Glossary
Company Index
Name Index
Subject Index