Progress in Lubrication and Nano- and Biotribology

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Advancements in Biotribology
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Articular Tribology
		1.2.1 Natural Synovial Joints
		1.2.2 Biotribology in Knee and Hip Joints
	1.3 Soft Matter and Skin Tribology
		1.3.1 Friction of Human Skin
		1.3.2 Hydration of Skin
		1.3.3 Contacting Materials and Their Effect on Skin
		1.3.4 Effect of Sliding Velocity and Rotation
	1.4 Dental Biotribology and Oral Processing
		1.4.1 Wear of Human Teeth: Main Factors
		1.4.2 Effects of Metals and Alloys
		1.4.3 Effect of Ceramics
		1.4.4 Effect of Composites
	1.5 Biotribology of Other Human Organs
		1.5.1 Cardiovascular System
		1.5.2 Hair
		1.5.3 Ocular Systems
	1.6 Biotribology in Nature
		1.6.1 Animal Feet and Surfaces
	1.7 Summary and Prospects
	Acknowledgment
	Conflict of Interest
	References
Chapter 2 Nano Lubricant Additives
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Preparation of a Nano Lubricant Additive
		2.2.1 The Oxide Nano Lubricant Additives
		2.2.2 The Sulfied Nano Lubricant Additives
		2.2.3 The Metal Nano Lubricant Additives
		2.2.4 The Carbon Nano Lubricant Additives
	2.3 The Influence of Nanoadditives on the Tribological Properties of Lubricants
		2.3.1 The Dispersity and Stability of Nanoadditives in Lubricants
		2.3.2 The Rheological Properties of Lubricants with Nano Lubricant Additives
		2.3.3 The Anti-wear and Friction Reduction Properties of Nano Lubricant Additives
	2.4 The Anti-wear and Friction Reduction Mechanism of Nano Lubricant Additives
	2.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 3 Ceramic Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
	3.1 Introduction of High-Temperature Lubrication
	3.2 Oxide Ceramic Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
		3.2.1 ZrO[sub(2)] Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
			3.2.1.1 Friction Compatibility of Solid Lubricants for ZrO[sub(2)] Matrix Materials
			3.2.1.2 ZrO[sub(2)]– Mo–CuO High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Composite
			3.2.1.3 ZrO[sub(2)] –MoS[sub(2)] –CaF[sub(2)] Self-Lubricating Composite at a Wide Temperature Range
		3.2.2 Al[sub(2)] O[sub(2)] Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
	3.3 Nitride Ceramic Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
		3.3.1 Nitride Matrix High-Temperature Self-Adaptive Coatings
			3.3.1.1 Mo[sub(2)]N-Ag High-Temperature Self-Adaptive Coating
			3.3.1.2 VN–Ag High-Temperature Self-Adaptive Lubricating Coating
			3.3.1.3 NbN–Ag and TaN–Ag High-Temperature Self-Adaptive Lubricating Coatings
		3.3.2 Si[sub(3)] N[sub(4)] Matrix High Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
			3.3.2.1 Si[sub(3)]N[sub(4)]–Ag High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Composites
			3.3.2.2 Si[sub(3)] N[sub(4)] –TiCN High-Temperature Composite
			3.3.2.3 Sialon Matrix Self-Lubricating Composite
	3.4 Carbide Ceramic Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
	3.5 Boride Ceramic Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
		3.5.1 h-BN Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
		3.5.2 MoAlB Machinable Ceramic
		3.5.3 AlMgB[sub(14)] Superhard Ceramic
	3.6 MAX Phase Matrix High-Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials
	3.7 Conclusions and Future Works
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 4 Exploration of Bio-Greases for Tribological Applications
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Current Status of the Grease Market
		4.1.2 The Need for Bio-Greases
	4.2 Grease Composition
		4.2.1 Base Oil
			4.2.1.1 Mineral Oil
			4.2.1.2 Synthetic Oil
			4.2.1.3 Vegetable Oil
		4.2.2 Thickener
			4.2.2.1 Soap Thickener
			4.2.2.2 Non-Soap Thickener
			4.2.2.3 Mixed Thickener
	4.3 Grease Structure
	4.4 Additives
	4.5 Role of Nanoadditives
	4.6 Basic Process for Grease Preparation
	4.7 Grease Consistency
	4.8 Dropping Point
	4.9 Bio-based Greases
	4.10 Evaluation of Tribological and Rheological Properties of Bio-Greases
		4.10.1 Tribological Properties of Bio-Greases
		4.10.2 Rheological Properties of Bio-Greases
	4.11 Conclusions
	4.12 Future Work
	References
Chapter 5 Performance Investigation of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing under Severe Environment
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Circular Bearing Analysis
		5.2.1 Linear Turbulence Modeling
		5.2.2 Modeling of a Non-Newtonian Flow
	5.3 Finite Element Procedure
	5.4 Solution Scheme
	5.5 Steady-State Performance Parameters
		5.5.1 Load Capacity and Attitude Angle
		5.5.2 Friction Coefficient Parameter
		5.5.3 Temperature Rise Variable
		5.5.4 Total Oil Flow
	5.6 Result and Discussions
	5.7 Conclusions
	Nomenclature
	Dimensionless Parameters
	Matrices
	References
Chapter 6 Bio-Functionalized Porous TI
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Porous Titanium
	6.3 Bio-Functionalization by Micro-Arc Oxidation
	6.4 Bio-Functionalized Macro-Porous Ti
	6.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
	References
Chapter 7 Snake Skin Tribology: Material, Surface Structure, Frictional Properties, and Biomimetic Implications
	7.1 Diversity of Surface Structures of Belly Scales in Snakes
	7.2 Inner Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Snake Skin
	7.3 Chemical Aspects of the Snake Skin Surface
	7.4 Anisotropic Friction of Belly Scales in Snakes: Experimental Studies
	7.5 Numerical Modeling of the Frictional? Anisotropy-Based System of the Snake Skin
	7.6 Snake Locomotion Based on Frictional?Anisotropy
	7.7 Biomimetics: Friction Microstructured Surfaces of Polymers and Ceramics Inspired by Snake Skin
	7.8 Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 8 Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V through Electrical Discharge Machining Assisted Alloying to Improve Its Tribological Behavior—The Pathway to Genesis of a New Alloying Technique
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Tribology of Ti6Al4V
		8.2.1 Factors Affecting Tribo-Behavior
			8.2.1.1 Thermal Oxidation ( ThO)
			8.2.1.2 Tribo-Oxidation/ Oxides ( TO) and Tribo-Oxide Layer ( TOL)
			8.2.1.3 Adiabatic Shear Banding ( ASB)
			8.2.1.4 Shear Rate Sensitivity/ Response ( SRS/ SRR)
			8.2.1.5 Dynamic Recrystallization ( DRX)
			8.2.1.6 Flow Stress ( FS)
			8.2.1.7 External Heating/ Heat Flux ( EH)
			8.2.1.8 Frictional Heating ( FH)
			8.2.1.9 Thermal Softening ( TS)
		8.2.2 Friction and Wear Characteristics at Interactive Instances
	8.3 Electrical Discharge Machining Assisted Alloying
		8.3.1 Mechanism
		8.3.2 Formation of Zones/ Layers
		8.3.3 Mechanical, Metallurgical, and Bio-Compatible Properties of the Recast Layer
	8.4 Surface Alloyed Ti6Al4V
		8.4.1 Role of the Recast Layer in Controlling Tribological Characteristics
		8.4.2 Surface Response under Dry Sliding Conditions
	8.5 Future Scope
	8.6 Conclusions
	References
Index