Progress and Poverty

Contents......Page 5
not drawn from capital......Page 11
Editor's Preface by Bob Drake......Page 12
earliest beginnings of......Page 14
Preface to the Fourth Edition......Page 15
Smith, Adam xviii, 19, 20, 34, 304......Page 19
Introduction: The Problem of Poverty Amid Progress......Page 23
BookmarkTitle:......Page 30
2. Defining Terms......Page 39
3. Wages Are Produced By Labor, Not Drawn From Capital......Page 50
Ricardo, David......Page 63
5. The True Functions of Capital......Page 68
Malthus, Rev. Thomas R.......Page 73
high among poor people......Page 79
of animals & plants, presses limits of subsistence......Page 91
disproved......Page 97
cause of......Page 105
law of......Page 111
does not include compensation for risk......Page 117
not part of interest......Page 124
maximum and minimum points......Page 128
variations in......Page 133
16. Correlating The Laws of Distribution......Page 142
Copernicus......Page 145
18. Dynamic Forces Not Yet Explored......Page 148
19. Population Growth and Distribution of Wealth......Page 150
20. Technology and the Distribution of Wealth......Page 159
land speculation......Page 164
root cause of......Page 167
23. The Persistence of Poverty  Despite Increasing Wealth......Page 177
more efficiency in......Page 187
must be made common property......Page 202
rightful basis of......Page 204
slavery......Page 214
as wrong as chattel slavery......Page 220
History of Land as Private Property......Page 225
gold rush in......Page 233
is inefficient......Page 241
of land, not necessary......Page 245
effect on production......Page 248
his rent theory used to support Malthusian theory  54......Page 258
penalizes industry and thrift......Page 264
effect on distribution......Page 268
benefits to landowners......Page 272
would vastly simplify government......Page 276
distinguished from biological evolution......Page 285
must account for diffeences in civilizations......Page 292
must account for advance as well as decline......Page 297
its probable decline......Page 309
differences in, not due to  heredity  271......Page 317
Conclusion: The Individual Life......Page 322
George's birthplace......Page 326
civilization......Page 333
commonly-owned lot in......Page 243
inhibits association......Page 300
maintenance and conflict are its non-productive uses......Page 298
on wages during reign of Henry VIII......Page 182
represent capital when not issued in excess of actual production......Page 125
Tammany Hall......Page 189
as example of multi-stage production......Page 59
decline of wages in......Page 100
of 1879......Page 10
in California......Page 173
source of is conquest......Page 210
placer mines in......Page 139
equilibrium with interest......Page 130
due to risk, not part of interest......Page 127
distinct from land & labor......Page 21
not caused by increased productiveness......Page 119
need for in poor countries......Page 70
reproductive modes of......Page 120
on wages  28,......Page 110
subset of wealth......Page 24
maintained by ongoing production......Page 103
density of in 1879......Page 83
poverty in......Page 86
adopt customs of the various countries where they live......Page 295
personal qualities improve as wages increase......Page 192
decline of......Page 316
its role in advance of European civilization......Page 306
decline of, not inevitable  295......Page 287
guilds......Page 334
natural perception of early civilizations......Page 304
enclosures of......Page 229
BookmarkTitle:......Page 93
demand for, determines production......Page 66
and government regulation......Page 198
Darwin, Charles......Page 78
de Mille, Agnes George......Page 332
different in everyday speech......Page 17
on the desire for food......Page 161
realizing its goals without coercion......Page 277
intensifies existing inequalities......Page 311
Shaw, George Bernard......Page 328
example of behavior in a just society......Page 280
on Progress and Poverty......Page 327
no effect on general level of wages......Page 191
real vs. personal......Page 230
land values in......Page 181
landowners originally called to pay for military......Page 232
Malthusian theory......Page 74
factors of production......Page 109
exported food during famine......Page 89
size of tends to increase......Page 200
not abolished by 14th Amendment......Page 240
makes people admire riches......Page 278
and unons, development of......Page 231
labor......Page 335
increase their own food supply......Page 92
the only never-satisfied animal......Page 94
creates interdependence......Page 301
tool for testing economic theories......Page 6
equal rights of all quantified in......Page 211
secure possession of must be assured......Page 224
compatible with common property in land......Page 242
includes both land and wealth......Page 260
in tribal state......Page 199
poverty in......Page 84
Macaulay, Lord Thomas......Page 85
not limited by lack of capital......Page 69
a function of labor......Page 107
and law of interest......Page 132
natural, not arbitrary......Page 123
obvious fallacies of......Page 9
Internal Revenue Service......Page 329
Irish famine claimed as evidence for......Page 88
Jefferson, Thomas......Page 331
law of human progress......Page 299
its abolition caused no loss to Southern planters......Page 217
division of......Page 160
social costs of......Page 269
lockout of labor and capital......Page 171
London,......Page 336
gains of, at the expense of rent......Page 193
general combination of, not practical......Page 195
prematurely extended by land speculation......Page 166
must not be classed with wealth as property......Page 207
natural right to......Page 208
question of compensation for......Page 221
utterly necessary to life......Page 185
effect of farmland near cities......Page 165
method of implementing remedy......Page 246
three factors contributing to the end of......Page 168
ability-to-pay principle......Page 256
latifundia......Page 162
makes other reforms easier......Page 318
Philadelphia,......Page 337
predicted decline of U.S.......Page 314
appears supported by facts & analogies......Page 75
supported by wages-fund theory......Page 76
essence of......Page 87
Maoris......Page 71
defined......Page 134
key to laws of distribution......Page 143
three elements of......Page 149
greatest waste in unjust society......Page 282
elaboration of simple society......Page 13
in long-term enterprise, not advanced from capital......Page 57
taxation of does not check production......Page 251
universality of......Page 325
natural monopolies......Page 250
new community......Page 3
San Francisco......Page 4
impossible while excess capacity exists......Page 169
value eventually lapses into land value......Page 261
Physiocrats......Page 259
protectionism......Page 338
fundamental axiom of  6, 93, 107, 111, 116, 120......Page 115
insufficient to prevent society's decline......Page 310
density correlated with greater wealth......Page 99
effect on production......Page 151
enables greater cooperation and exchange......Page 152
cannot be attributed to increasing population......Page 81
fear of, leads to struggle for wealth......Page 270
single tax......Page 2
essence of......Page 216
causes vice & misery......Page 209
Social Statics, by Spencer......Page 222
denies equal rights......Page 206
relatively recent phenomenon......Page 226
manipulation, not creation, of matter......Page 172
modern, contrasted with primitive......Page 179
relative to consumption  71......Page 122
favored by large companies  241......Page 253
falls heavily on farmers......Page 273
will not reduce wages of interest......Page 252
its full significance hard to grasp......Page 247
corrupting influence of......Page 255
opens natural opportunities to labor......Page 267
opposed by powerful interests......Page 263
wealth would be distributed according to productive contributions......Page 274
would end land speculation......Page 266
risk......Page 339
of industrial organization......Page 175
recessions in......Page 170
necessary tests of......Page 203
created by entire community......Page 223
defined......Page 112
grows with social progress......Page 303
better education and work habits......Page 190
cooperation......Page 196
more efficient government......Page 188
his law of rent......Page 113
taxation......Page 340
decline & fall of......Page 305
, story of......Page 153
simple truth......Page 184
chattel, insignificant compared to wage slavery......Page 215
grows & deepens with material progress......Page 219
waste of human power......Page 307
on variation in wages......Page 135
Sumner, William Graham......Page 1
differences in, not due to differences in individuals......Page 296
Spaceship Earth"......Page 158
not wealth......Page 22
as producers......Page 26
general rate of......Page 136
Swift, Jonathan......Page 80
benefits-received principle......Page 257
not part of primary distribution......Page 106
profits on......Page 254
workers......Page 341
stability of......Page 212
unemployment......Page 180
BookmarkTitle:......Page 236
closing of frontier......Page 235
great fortunes due to land monopoly  214......Page 313
added at each stage of production......Page 60
always preceded by labor......Page 53
gradations of......Page 137
law of......Page 138
refers to wages as proportion of total wealth......Page 140
not paid in advance......Page 54
paid in kind......Page 52
exchangeability of......Page 27
interchangeability of......Page 121
tendency to deteriorate......Page 102
Winkle, Rip Van......Page 157
alienation of......Page 178