Programming iOS 14

Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
	The Scope of This Book
	What’s Not in This Book
	From the Preface to the First Edition (Programming iOS 4)
	Versions
	Acknowledgments
	Conventions Used in This Book
	Using Code Examples
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact Us
Part I. Views
	Chapter 1. Views
		Window and Root View
			Window Scene Architecture
			How an App Launches
			App Without a Storyboard
			Referring to the Window
		Experimenting with Views
		Subview and Superview
		Color
		Visibility and Opacity
		Frame
		Bounds and Center
		Transform
		Transform3D
		Window Coordinates and Screen Coordinates
		Trait Collections
			Interface Style
			Size Classes
			Overriding Trait Collections
		Layout
			Autoresizing
			Autolayout and Constraints
			Implicit Autoresizing Constraints
			Creating Constraints in Code
			Constraints as Objects
			Margins and Guides
			Intrinsic Content Size
			Self-Sizing Views
			Stack Views
			Internationalization
			Mistakes with Constraints
		Configuring Layout in the Nib
			Autoresizing in the Nib
			Creating a Constraint
			Viewing and Editing Constraints
			Problems with Nib Constraints
			Varying the Screen Size
			Conditional Interface Design
		Xcode View Features
			View Debugger
			Previewing Your Interface
			Designable Views and Inspectable Properties
		Layout Events
	Chapter 2. Drawing
		Images and Image Views
			Image Files
			Image Views
			Resizable Images
			Transparency Masks
			Reversible Images
		Graphics Contexts
			Drawing on Demand
			Drawing a UIImage
		UIImage Drawing
		CGImage Drawing
		Snapshots
		CIFilter and CIImage
		Blur and Vibrancy Views
		Drawing a UIView
		Graphics Context Commands
			Graphics Context Settings
			Paths and Shapes
			Clipping
			Gradients
			Colors and Patterns
			Graphics Context Transforms
			Shadows
			Erasing
		Points and Pixels
		Content Mode
	Chapter 3. Layers
		View and Layer
		Layers and Sublayers
			Manipulating the Layer Hierarchy
			Positioning a Sublayer
			CAScrollLayer
		Layer and Delegate
		Layout of Layers
		Drawing in a Layer
			Drawing-Related Layer Properties
			Content Resizing and Positioning
			Layers that Draw Themselves
		Transforms
			Affine Transforms
			3D Transforms
			Depth
		Further Layer Features
			Shadows
			Borders and Rounded Corners
			Masks
		Layer Efficiency
		Layers and Key–Value Coding
	Chapter 4. Animation
		Drawing, Animation, and Threading
		Image View and Image Animation
		View Animation
			A Brief History of View Animation
			Property Animator Basics
			View Animation Basics
			View Animation Configuration
			Timing Curves
			Cancelling a View Animation
			Frozen View Animation
			Custom Animatable View Properties
			Keyframe View Animation
			Transitions
		Implicit Layer Animation
			Animatable Layer Properties
			Animating a Custom Layer Subclass
			Animation Transactions
			Media Timing Functions
		Core Animation
			CABasicAnimation and Its Inheritance
			Using a CABasicAnimation
			Springing Animation
			Keyframe Animation
			Making a Property Animatable
			Grouped Animations
			Animating Multiple Layers
			Freezing an Animation
			Transitions
			Animations List
		Actions
			What an Action Is
			Action Search
			Hooking Into the Action Search
			Making a Custom Property Implicitly Animatable
			Nonproperty Actions
		Emitter Layers
		CIFilter Transitions
		UIKit Dynamics
			The Dynamics Stack
			Custom Behaviors
			Animator and Behaviors
		Motion Effects
		Animation and Layout
	Chapter 5. Touches
		Touch Events and Views
		Receiving Touches
		Restricting Touches
		Interpreting Touches
		Gesture Recognizers
			Gesture Recognizer Classes
			Gesture Recognizer States
			Gesture Recognizer Examples
			Gesture Recognizer Conflicts
			Gesture Recognizer Delegate
			Subclassing Gesture Recognizers
			Gesture Recognizers in the Nib
		Touch Delivery
		Hit-Testing
			Performing Hit-Testing
			Hit-Test Munging
			Hit-Testing for Layers
			Hit-Testing for Drawings
			Hit-Testing During Animation
		Initial Touch Event Delivery
		Gesture Recognizer and View
		Touch Exclusion Logic
		Gesture Recognition Logic
Part II. Interface
	Chapter 6. View Controllers
		View Controller Responsibilities
		View Controller Hierarchy
			Automatic Child View Placement
			Manual Child View Placement
			Presented View Placement
			Ensuring a Coherent Hierarchy
		View Controller Creation
		How a View Controller Obtains Its View
			Manual View
			Generic Automatic View
			View in a Separate Nib
			Summary
		How Storyboards Work
			How a Storyboard View Controller Nib is Loaded
			How a Storyboard View Nib is Loaded
		View Resizing
			View Size in the Nib Editor
			Bars and Underlapping
			Resizing and Layout Events
		Rotation
			Uses of Rotation
			Permitting Compensatory Rotation
			Initial Orientation
			Detecting Rotation
		View Controller Manual Layout
			Initial Manual Layout
			Manual Layout During Rotation
		Presented View Controller
			Presentation and Dismissal
			Configuring a Presentation
			Communication with a Presented View Controller
			Adaptive Presentation
			Presentation, Rotation, and the Status Bar
		Tab Bar Controller
			Tab Bar Items
			Configuring a Tab Bar Controller
		Navigation Controller
			Bar Button Items
			Navigation Items and Toolbar Items
			Configuring a Navigation Controller
		Custom Transition
			Noninteractive Custom Transition Animation
			Interactive Custom Transition Animation
			Custom Presented View Controller Transition
			Transition Coordinator
		Page View Controller
			Preparing a Page View Controller
			Page View Controller Navigation
			Other Page View Controller Configurations
		Container View Controllers
			Adding and Removing Children
			Status Bar, Traits, and Resizing
		Previews and Context Menus
			Context Menu Interaction and Configuration
			Configuring the Preview
			Configuring the Menu
		Storyboards
			Triggered Segues
			Container Views and Embed Segues
			Storyboard References
			Unwind Segues
		View Controller Lifetime Events
			Order of Events
			Appear and Disappear Events
			Event Forwarding to a Child View Controller
		View Controller Memory Management
			Lazy Loading
			NSCache, NSPurgeableData, and Memory-Mapping
			Background Memory Usage
	Chapter 7. Scroll Views
		Content Size
		Creating a Scroll View in Code
			Manual Content Size
			Automatic Content Size with Autolayout
		Scroll View Layout Guides
		Using a Content View
		Scroll View in a Nib
		Content Inset
		Scrolling
			Scrolling in Code
			Paging
			Tiling
		Zooming
			Zooming Programmatically
			Zooming with Detail
		Scroll View Delegate
		Scroll View Touches
		Floating Scroll View Subviews
		Scroll View Performance
	Chapter 8. Table Views
		Table View Controller
		Table View Cells
			Built-In Cell Styles
			Registering a Cell Class
			Custom Cells
		Table View Data
			The Three Big Questions
			Reusing Cells
			Self-Configuring Cells
			Apple’s Cell Configuration Architecture
		Table View Sections
			Section Headers and Footers
			Table View Section Example
			Section Index
		Variable Row Heights
			Manual Row Height Measurement
			Measurement and Layout with Constraints
			Estimated Height
			Automatic Row Height
		Table View Selection
			Managing Cell Selection
			Responding to Cell Selection
			Navigation from a Table View
		Table View Scrolling and Layout
		Refreshing a Table View
			Cell Choice and Static Tables
			Direct Access to Cells
			Refresh Control
		Editing a Table View
			Toggling a Table View’s Edit Mode
			Edit Mode and Selection
			Changing a Table View’s Structure
			Deleting a Cell
			Deleting Multiple Cells
		Table View Diffable Data Source
			Populating a Diffable Data Source
			Subclassing a Diffable Data Source
			Changing a Diffable Data Source
			Pros and Cons of the Diffable Data Source
		More Table View Editing
			Rearranging Cells
			Editable Content in Cells
			Expandable Cell
		Table View Swipe Action Buttons
		Table View Menus
		Table View Searching
			Basic Configuration of a Search Controller
			More Search Controller Configuration
			Using a Search Controller
	Chapter 9. Collection Views
		Collection View Classes
		Flow Layout
		Compositional Layout
			Size, Count, Spacing, and Insets
			Supplementary Items
			Multiple Section Layouts
			Other Compositional Layout Features
		Collection View Diffable Data Source
			Diffable Data Source Construction
			Registration Objects
			Section Snapshots
		Collection View Lists
		Hierarchical Items
		Basic Cell Manipulation
			Selecting Cells
			Deleting Cells
			Menu Handling
			Rearranging Cells
		Custom Collection View Layouts
			Tweaking a Layout
			Collection View Layout Subclass
			Decoration Views
		Switching Layouts
		Collection Views and UIKit Dynamics
	Chapter 10. iPad Interface
		Popovers
			Arrow Source and Direction
			Popover Size
			Popover Appearance
			Passthrough Views
			Popover Presentation, Dismissal, and Delegate
			Adaptive Popovers
			Popover Segues
			Popover Presenting a View Controller
		Split Views
			Expanded Split View Controller
			Collapsed Split View Controller
			Collapsing and Expanding Split View Controller
			Customizing a Split View Controller
			Split View Controller Delegate Methods
			Expanding a Split View Controller
			View Controller Message Percolation
		iPad Multitasking
		Drag and Drop
			Drag and Drop Architecture
			Basic Drag and Drop
			Item Providers
			Slow Data Delivery
			Additional Delegate Methods
			Table Views and Collection Views
			Spring Loading
			iPhone and Local Drag and Drop
		Pointer and Keyboard
		Multiple Windows
			The Window Architecture
			Scene Creation
			Window Creation and Closing
			State Saving and Restoration
			Further Multiple Window Considerations
	Chapter 11. Text
		Fonts and Font Descriptors
			Fonts
			Symbol Images and Text
			Font Descriptors
			Choosing a Font
			Adding Fonts
		Attributed Strings
			Attributed String Attributes
			Making an Attributed String
			Modifying and Querying an Attributed String
			Custom Attributes
			Drawing and Measuring an Attributed String
		Labels
			Number of Lines
			Wrapping and Truncation
			Fitting Label to Text
			Customized Label Drawing
		Text Fields
			Summoning and Dismissing the Keyboard
			Keyboard Covers Text Field
			Text Field Delegate and Control Event Messages
			Text Field Menu
			Drag and Drop
			Keyboard and Input Configuration
		Text Views
			Links, Text Attachments, and Data
			Self-Sizing Text View
			Text View and Keyboard
		Text Kit
			Text View and Text Kit
			Text Container
			Alternative Text Kit Stack Architectures
			Layout Manager
			Text Kit Without a Text View
	Chapter 12. Web Views
		WKWebView
			Web View Content
			Tracking Changes in a Web View
			Web View Navigation
			Communicating with a Web Page
			Custom Schemes
			Web View Previews and Context Menus
		Safari View Controller
		Developing Web View Content
	Chapter 13. Controls and Other Views
		UIActivityIndicatorView
		UIProgressView
			Progress View Alternatives
			The Progress Class
		UIPickerView
		UIColorPickerViewController
		UISearchBar
		UIControl
			Control States
			Control Events
			Control Actions
			Control Menus
			UISwitch
			UIColorWell
			UIStepper
			UIPageControl
			UIDatePicker
			UISlider
			UISegmentedControl
			UIButton
			Custom Controls
		Bars
			Bar Position
			Bar Metrics
			Bar and Item Appearance
			Bar Background and Shadow
			Bar Button Items
			Navigation Bar
			Toolbar
			Tab Bar
		Tint Color
		Appearance Proxy
	Chapter 14. Modal Dialogs
		Alerts and Action Sheets
			Alerts
			Action Sheets
			Alert Alternatives
		Quick Actions
		Local Notifications
			Authorization for Local Notifications
			Notification Categories
			Scheduling a Local Notification
			Hearing About a Local Notification
			Grouped Notifications
			Managing Notifications
			Notification Content Extensions
		Activity Views
			Presenting an Activity View
			Custom Activities
			Action Extensions
			Share Extensions
Part III. Some Frameworks
	Chapter 15. Audio
		System Sounds
		Audio Session
			Category
			Activation and Deactivation
			Ducking
			Interruptions
			Secondary Audio
			Routing Changes
		Audio Player
		Remote Control of Your Sound
		Playing Sound in the Background
		AVAudioRecorder
		AVAudioEngine
		MIDI Playback
		Text to Speech
		Speech to Text
		Further Topics in Sound
	Chapter 16. Video
		AVPlayerViewController
			AVPlayerViewController Configuration
			Picture-in-Picture
		Introducing AV Foundation
			Some AV Foundation Classes
			Things Take Time
			Time Is Measured Oddly
			Constructing Media
			AVPlayerLayer
			Further Exploration of AV Foundation
		UIVideoEditorController
	Chapter 17. Music Library
		Music Library Authorization
		Exploring the Music Library
			Querying the Music Library
			Persistence and Change in the Music Library
		Music Player
			Setting the Queue
			Modifying the Queue
			Player State
		MPVolumeView
		Playing Songs with AV Foundation
		Media Picker
	Chapter 18. Photo Library and Camera
		Browsing the Photo Library
			PHPickerViewController Presentation
			PHPickerViewController Delegate
			Dealing with PHPickerViewController Results
		Photos Framework
			Querying the Photo Library
			Modifying the Library
			Being Notified of Changes
			Fetching Images
			Editing Images
			Photo Editing Extension
		Using the Camera
			Capture with UIImagePickerController
			Capture with AV Foundation
	Chapter 19. Contacts
		Contact Classes
		Fetching Contact Information
			Fetching a Contact
			Repopulating a Contact
			Labeled Values
			Contact Formatters
		Saving Contact Information
		Contact Sorting, Groups, and Containers
		Contacts Interface
			CNContactPickerViewController
			CNContactViewController
	Chapter 20. Calendar
		Calendar Database Contents
			Calendars
			Calendar Items
			Calendar Database Changes
		Creating Calendars, Events, and Reminders
			Events
			Alarms
			Recurrence
			Reminders
			Proximity Alarms
		Fetching Events and Reminders
		Calendar Interface
			EKEventViewController
			EKEventEditViewController
			EKCalendarChooser
	Chapter 21. Maps
		Map Views
			Displaying a Region
			Scrolling and Zooming
			Other Map View Customizations
			Map Images
		Annotations
			Customizing an MKMarkerAnnotationView
			Changing the Annotation View Class
			Custom Annotation View Class
			Custom Annotation Class
			Annotation View Hiding and Clustering
			Other Annotation Features
		Overlays
			Custom Overlay Class
			Custom Overlay Renderer
			Other Overlay Features
		Map Kit and Current Location
		Communicating with the Maps App
		Geocoding, Searching, and Directions
			Geocoding
			Searching
			Directions
	Chapter 22. Sensors
		Core Location
			Location Manager and Delegate
			Location Services Authorization
			Location Tracking
			Where Am I?
			Continuous Background Location
			Location Monitoring
			Heading
		Acceleration, Attitude, and Activity
			Shake Events
			Using Core Motion
			Raw Acceleration
			Gyroscope
			Other Core Motion Data
Part IV. Final Topics
	Chapter 23. Persistent Storage
		The Sandbox
			Standard Directories
			Inspecting the Sandbox
			Basic File Operations
			Saving and Reading Files
			File Coordinators
			File Wrappers
		User Defaults
		Simple Sharing and Previewing of Files
			File Sharing
			Document Types and Receiving a Document
			Handing Over a Document
			Previewing a Document
			Quick Look Previews
		Document Architecture
			A Basic Document Example
			iCloud
			Document Browser
			Custom Thumbnails
			Custom Previews
			Document Picker
		XML
		JSON
			Coding Keys
			Custom Decoding
		SQLite
		Core Data
		PDFs
		Image Files
	Chapter 24. Basic Networking
		HTTP Requests
			Obtaining a Session
			Session Configuration
			Session Tasks
			Session Delegate
			HTTP Request with Task Completion Function
			HTTP Request with Session Delegate
			One Session, One Delegate
			Delegate Memory Management
			Session and Delegate Encapsulation
			Downloading Table View Data
			Background Session
		Universal Links
		On-Demand Resources
		In-App Purchases
	Chapter 25. Threads
		Main Thread
		Background Threads
		Why Threading Is Hard
		Blocking the Main Thread
		Manual Threading
		Operation
		Grand Central Dispatch
			Commonly Used GCD Methods
			Synchronous Execution
			Dispatch Groups
			One-Time Execution
			Concurrent Queues
			Checking the Queue
		App Backgrounding
		Background Processing
	Chapter 26. Undo
		Target–Action Undo
		Undo Grouping
		Functional Undo
		Undo Interface
			Shake-To-Edit
			Built-In Gestures
			Undo Menu
	Appendix A. Lifetime Events
		Application States
		Delegate Events
		Lifetime Scenarios
			Major State Changes
			Paused Inactivity
			Transient Inactivity on the iPad
			Multiple Windows
			Scene Death in the App Switcher
		Lifetime Event Timing
	Appendix B. Some Useful Utility Functions
		Core Graphics Initializers
		Center of a CGRect
		Adjust a CGSize
		Delayed Performance
		Dictionary of Views
		Constraint Debugging
		Named Views
		Walk the Responder Chain
		Subviews of Given Class
		Attach an Action Handler to a Control
		Inline Value Class Creation and Configuration
		Downsize a UIImage
	Appendix C. How Asynchronous Works
		Asynchronous Code Runs Out of Order
		Asynchronous Code Cannot Return a Value
		Completion Handlers
Index
About the Author