Professions and the Public Interest: Medical Power, Altruism and Alternative Medicine

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 7
Abbreviations......Page 8
Introduction......Page 10
Part I Sociology, professions and the public interest: a research framework......Page 18
1 The sociology of professions and the professional altruism ideal......Page 20
PROFESSIONAL ALTRUISM? THE TAXONOMIC APPROACH......Page 21
PROFESSIONAL ALTRUISM? THE VIEWS OF THE CRITICS......Page 26
The neo-Weberian perspective......Page 29
The Marxist perspective......Page 35
CONCLUSION......Page 41
2 The development of a viable conception of the public interest......Page 44
UNITARY CONCEPTIONS OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST......Page 46
PREPONDERANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST......Page 49
THE PUBLIC INTEREST AS COMMON INTEREST......Page 52
TOWARDS A VIABLE DEFINITION OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST......Page 56
OPERATIONALIZING THE CONCEPT OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST......Page 61
Britain......Page 65
United States of America......Page 69
The Soviet Union and China......Page 73
CONCLUSION......Page 77
THE NATURE OF A PROFESSION......Page 80
THE CONCEPT OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-INTERESTS......Page 83
The positivist approach......Page 84
The realist approach......Page 86
The conventionalist approach......Page 89
OPERATIONALIZING THE CONCEPT OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-INTERESTS: THE CASE OF HEALTH CARE......Page 92
ASSESSING THE CAUSAL ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-INTERESTS IN DECISION-MAKING......Page 97
THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-INTERESTS: HEALTH CARE ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 102
CAUSALITY, INTENTION AND PROFESSIONAL SELF-INTERESTS......Page 105
CONCLUSION......Page 107
Part II An empirical application: the response of the medical profession to acupuncture in Great Britain......Page 110
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS......Page 112
ACUPUNCTURE: ITS NATURE AND VARIANT FORMS......Page 116
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUPUNCTURE IN CHINA AND THE EAST......Page 117
THE DIFFUSION OF ACUPUNCTURE TO THE WESERN WORLD......Page 119
VARYING PATTERNS OF MEDICAL RESPONSE TO ACUPUNCTURE: EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES......Page 121
THE RESPONSE OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL PROFESSION TO ACUPUNCTURE......Page 124
Early to mid-nineteenth century......Page 125
Mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century......Page 128
Mid-twentieth century to the present day......Page 132
ACUPUNCTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 142
CONCLUSION......Page 147
5 Potential explanations for the rejection of acupuncture in Britain......Page 148
THE DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE OF ACUPUNCTURE......Page 149
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACUPUNCTURE......Page 152
CONSIDERATIONS OF SAFETY......Page 155
PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH......Page 157
CONFLICTING PHILOSOPHIES OF MEDICINE......Page 161
THE MODUS OPERANDI OF ACUPUNCTURE......Page 164
ACUPUNCTURE AND THE POWER OF THE MIND......Page 167
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATING ACUPUNCTURE INTO ORTHODOX MEDICINE......Page 170
PRIORITIES IN MEDICINE......Page 173
CLIENT DEMAND AND THE DANGERS OF QUACKERY......Page 177
SPLITS IN THE ACUPUNCTURE MOVEMENT......Page 182
CAPITALISM AND THE POWER OF THE DRUG COMPANIES......Page 185
THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONALISM......Page 189
CONCLUSION......Page 191
THE POWER OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL PROFESSION......Page 194
Early to mid-nineteenth century......Page 195
Mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century......Page 198
Mid-twentieth century to the present day......Page 203
PROFESSIONAL POWER AND THE FATE OF ACUPUNCTURE: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE......Page 209
THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-INTERESTS IN THE RECEPTION OF ACUPUNCTURE IN BRITAIN......Page 212
Early to mid-nineteenth century......Page 213
Mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century......Page 218
Mid-twentieth century to the present day......Page 224
CONCLUSION......Page 236
PROFESSIONAL IDEOLOGIES, INTERESTS AND ACUPUNCTURE......Page 238
Early to mid-nineteenth century......Page 239
Mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century......Page 241
Mid-twentieth century to the present day......Page 242
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION, ACUPUNCTURE AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST......Page 249
Early to mid-nineteenth century......Page 250
Mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century......Page 253
Mid-twentieth century to the present day......Page 257
CONCLUSION......Page 266
Conclusion......Page 268
 Library study......Page 276
Alternative medicine......Page 277
Other organizations/individuals......Page 278
APPENDIX 2: ITEMS ON ACUPUNCTURE APPEARING IN THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL AND THE LANCET, 1820–1989......Page 279
GENERAL SOURCES......Page 280
MEDICO-SCIENTIFIC SOURCES......Page 301
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS......Page 307
Author index......Page 310
Subject index......Page 320