Production Processes and Product Evolution in the Age of Disruption: Proceedings of the 9th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production ... (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Organization
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Aldini Valeriani Foundation Training Dialogues with Universities and Business
	1 The Context in the Emilia Romagna Region Italy
		1.1 Polytechnic Network
		1.2 Advanced Education and Research
	2 FAV’S Experiences
		2.1 Who We Are
		2.2 Training Planning and Its Evaluation
		2.3 Pathways in Synergy Whit Universities and Business
	3 Conclusions
	References
Managing Mass Customization
Is Mass Customisation Sustainable? A Literature-Based Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Mass Customization and Sustainability Paradigms
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Bibliometric Analysis
		3.2 Classification of the Considered Literature
	4 Analysis of the Main Effects of MC Implementation on Sustainability Dimensions
	5 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
Opportunities and Challenges of Mass Customization for Circular Economy: A Literature-Based Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Opportunities for CE Implementation Through MC
		3.2 Challenges for CE Implementation Through MC
	4 Conclusions
	References
Tacking Stock of Prior Research on the Organizational Capabilities for Mass Customization
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background and Research Framework
	3 Method
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Unfolding the Complexity of Mass Customization: A Socio-technical Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Complexity of Mass Customization
		2.1 Mass Customization Complexity Induced by Enablers
		2.2 Uniqueness of Mass Customization Companies: Beyond the Tangible Product
	3 From Product Platforms to Platform Ecosystems
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Is Green Personalisation Possible? Rematerialising and Deindividualising Consumption
	1 What is Personalisation?
	2 The Problem with Digital Personalisation
	3 Pathways to Green Personalisation
		3.1 Understanding the Personalisation Machine
		3.2 Scaling Up the Concept of ‘Society as a Consumer’
		3.3 Enabling Changes Through Green Design Methodologies
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Mass Customization Projects Enactment in Practice: Traditional Versus Agile Project Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Mass Customization Project Challenges
	3 Agile Project Management (APM)
	4 Traditional Versus Agile Project Management in MC Projects
	5 Conclusions
	References
Mass Customization in Networks: A Typology of Collaboration Forms
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Theoretical Background
		3.1 Supply Chain Environment
		3.2 Customer Value and MC Capabilities
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Digital Process Chains for the Anthropometric Individualization of Products
	1 Introduction and Problem Definition
	2 Solution Space Modelling for Anthropometric Individualization of Products
	3 Case Study on the Individualization of Products with Complicated Product Models and Automated Process Chains
		3.1 Individualization of Car Seats
		3.2 Individualization of Short-Shaft Hip Endoprosthesis
	4 Development of Guiding Questions for Anthropometric Individualization of Products
		4.1 Data Recording and Plausibility Check
		4.2 Solution Space Modelling for Automated Generation of Variants
	5 Conclusion
	References
Production Strategy Selection in the Mass Customization Era Using Analytic Network Process
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Decision-Making Structure for the Selection of the Most Suitable Production Strategy
		2.1 Definitions and Classification of the Proposed Criteria
		2.2 Network Structure and Steps of the ANP Methodology
	3 Case Study and Main Results
	4 Conclusions and Further Research
	References
Recommendation of Mass Customized Products with a Multi-agent System: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Multi-agent System (MAS)
		2.2 Constraint-Satisfaction Problem (CSP)
	3 Case Study Extruder
		3.1 Design Task
		3.2 Architecture of the Recommender System
	4 Implementation of the Recommender System
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Product Configurator as a Monitoring Tool for Environmental Impact: An AEC Perspective
	1 Background and Research Design Outline
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Prefabrication
		2.2 Sustainability
		2.3 BIM
		2.4 Product Configuration Systems
	3 Garage Configurator Development
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Adoption Potentials of Metaverse Omnichannel Retailing and Its Impact on Mass Customization Approaches
	1 Moving into Metaverse
	2 Reinventing Retail Business Models
	3 Literature
		3.1 Omnichannel Retailing Experience Challenge
	4 The Study
	5 Analysis and Interpretation of the Results
	6 Discussion Points and Perspectives
	7 Conclusion
	References
How to Consider Cognitive Abilities of Users in Toolkit Design
	1 Introduction
	2 The Task: Self-design Process
		2.1 Exploration
		2.2 Generation
		2.3 Evaluation
	3 The User: Cognitive Activities While Self-designing
		3.1 Long-Term Memory and Knowledge Retrieval
		3.2 Working Memory and Manipulation of Information
		3.3 Interacting with External Resources
	4 Preliminary Ideas for Toolkit Design Principles
	References
A Framework for Solution Space Development in Mass Customization
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background: Solution Space Development
	3 Methodology
	4 Results: The Framework for Solution Space Development
		4.1 Outlook: Understanding the Customer
		4.2 Insight: Understanding Internal Capabilities
		4.3 Develop: Internal Processes for Creating the Solution Space
		4.4 Co-create: Collaborative Solution Space Development with Customers
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Openness and Open-Endedness: Implications for Mass Customization Capabilities
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Motivation, Objective and Approach
		1.2 Trends Challenging Mass Customization Capabilities
	2 Implications for Mass Customization Capabilities
		2.1 Overview
		2.2 Implications for Solution Space Development
		2.3 Implications for Robust Process Design
		2.4 Implications Choice Navigation
		2.5 Implications for Governance of External 3rd Parties
	3 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Customer-Centric UI/UX Design for Sustainable Software Systems
	1 Introduction
		1.1 UX Design
		1.2 Design Thinking Method
		1.3 Summary
	2 Redesigning an IT Cloud-Based System: Integration of UX/UI Design with DT
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Human Centered Innovation Workplaces
	1 Introduction
	2 Innovation
	3 Innovation Workplaces
		3.1 Evolving Workplace Patterns
		3.2 Human Centered Principles
		3.3 Change, Customization, Collaboration, Co-innovation
	4 The New Workplace Setup
		4.1 Characteristics of Hybrid Workplace Concepts
		4.2 Hybrid Work Challenges
	5 Conclusion
	References
Can the Mass Customization Co-design Toolkit Help Healthcare Practitioners Reduce Bias and Achieve Better Patient Outcomes?
	1 Introduction
	2 Healthcare Bias and Outcomes
		2.1 The Whole Human Being
		2.2 The Blinders of Bias
		2.3 Patient-Provider Bias in Healthcare
	3 Behavioral Science, the Consumer, and Mass Customization
		3.1 A Brief Primer on Behavioral Economics
		3.2 The Consumer Model and Consumer Wellbeing
		3.3 The Perceived Value Equation and Relational Value
		3.4 Types of Healthcare Biases and Mitigation Interventions
	4 Mass Customization and the Co-design Toolkit
		4.1 A Mass Customization Approach to Bias Mitigation
		4.2 The MC Co-design Toolkit for Patient-Practitioner Interaction
		4.3 Proposed Experimental Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mass Customization and Socio-environmental Responsibility and Sustainability of the Fashion Brand and Its Supply Chain
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Environmental and Social Challenges of the Fashion and Apparel Supply Chain
	2 Literature Review
	3 The Study
	4 Analysis of Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Exploring the Added Value of Additive Manufacturing in Sales Processes of Mass Customization Products
	1 Motivation and Problem Definition
	2 Theoretical Foundations
		2.1 Additive Manufacturing
		2.2 Consumer Behaviour and the Purchase Decision Process
		2.3 The Selection Paradox and 3D Printing as Possible Solution
	3 Method
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Functional Benefit During Configuration Process
		4.2 Emotional Benefit During Configuration Process
		4.3 Integration of 3D Printing in Sales Process
	5 Limitations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Development of an Individual Incentive System to Compensate for Fluctuations in Demand Based on a Cluster Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Approach
		3.1 Creation of the Database and Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Clustering Algorithm
		3.3 Incentive System
		3.4 Asset Administration Shell
	4 Use Case
	5 Summary
	References
Flexibility and Reconfigurability in Manufacturing and Operations
Qualification Management in Reconfigurable Manufacturing System: Review and New Definitions
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review: Bibliometric and Comparative Analysis
		2.1 Bibliometric Analysis
		2.2 Comparative Analysis of Qualification
	3 Reconfigurable Manufacturing System Qualification: Proposed Definitions
	4 Conclusion
	References
A New Dynamic Simulation-Based Approach for Multi-part Flow Line Configuration of a Reconfigurable Manufacturing System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Simulation-Based Approach
	4 Numerical Example
		4.1 Determination of the Minimum Number of Machines
		4.2 Implementation of Machines in the Workstations
		4.3 Development of Each Scenario
		4.4 Modeling and Simulation
		4.5 Analysis and Comparison
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mixed-Integer Programming and State-of-the-Art Heuristic Approaches for the Scheduling of Modular Automotive Body-in-White Production
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Proposed Scheduling Approaches
		3.1 MIP Model
		3.2 Heuristic Models
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Identification and Analysis of Interactions Between Reconfigurable Supply Chain Enablers in Industry 4.0 Using DEMATEL Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Supply Chain Management in Industry 4.0
		2.2 Reconfigurability: 6 Characteristics
	3 Identification and Analysis of Interactions Between Reconfigurable Supply Chain Enablers in Industry 4.0
		3.1 Global Description of the Proposed Approach
		3.2 Identification of Interrelationships Between Enablers
		3.3 Case Illustration: DEMATEL Application
		3.4 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Reconfiguration of Quality Gates Based on Part Variation Modes in Multi-stage Manufacturing Systems
	1 Introduction, Motivation and Objectives
	2 Methodology
	3 Real-Case Study in Automotive Industry
	4 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Enhancing Agility and Reconfigurability in Production: A Database-Driven Infrastructure to Support Additive Manufacturing with Collaborative Robotics
	1 Introduction
	2 Infrastructure for a Scalable and Sustainable Manufacturing with Collaborative Robotics and Additive Manufacturing
		2.1 Overall Architecture and Hardware Components
		2.2 Software Components
	3 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Identification of the Main Reconfigurability Characteristics Enablers with a Focus on the Workforce
	1 Introduction
	2 Understanding the RMS Reconfigurability Assessment
		2.1 Quantitative Methods
		2.2 Qualitative Methods
		2.3 Quantitative Versus Qualitative Methods
	3 Identifying the Main RMS Characteristics Enablers
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Conceptual Framework for Managing Agile Ramp-Up
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Ramp-Up and Agility
		2.2 Ramp-Up and NPD
	3 Framework Development
		3.1 Rationale and Underlying Concepts
		3.2 Evaluation Method
	4 Results Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Role of Discrete Event Simulation in the Assessment and Selection of the Potential Reconfigurable Manufacturing Solutions
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Analysis of the Current Production System
		3.2 Alternative – 1 (Two Additional Packaging Stations)
		3.3 Alternative – 2 (Run Only One Shift at S1 and T1)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Closing the Gap: Communicating Research to Industry Through the REKON Dissemination Format
	1 Introduction
	2 Continuing Engineering Education
	3 The REKON Project Dissemination Format
		3.1 Designing a Dissemination Format for Engineers
		3.2 REKON Learning Activities and Material for Practitioners
		3.3 Preliminary Measure of Dissemination Effectiveness
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Sequential Versus Integrated Model of Process Planning, Layout and Scheduling Optimization for RMS
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Problem Description
	4 Sequential Model
	5 Integrated Model
	6 Numerical Examples
	7 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Managing Industrial Automation: How Knowledge Graphs Can Boost Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Knowledge Graph Formalization
		2.2 Ontology Model
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Knowledge Graph Construction
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Prioritizing Technology-Enabled Production Improvements in SMEs: An Interpretive Structural Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Findings
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Mapping Production Capabilities: Proposing Support Towards Changeable Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Motivation for Changeable Production Design
		4.2 The Studied Production Development Projects
	5 Proposed Support for Mapping Production Capabilities
	6 Conclusions
	References
Generalization of Reinforcement Learning Agents for Production Control
	1 Introduction
	2 State of Research
	3 Use Case
	4 Approach
		4.1 Variation and Selection of the System Configurations
		4.2 Shaping the Reward Function
		4.3 Hyperparameter Optimization
	5 Results
		5.1 Generalization
		5.2 Performance of the Generalized RL Agent Compared to Heuristics
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
The RaRe2 Attempt as a Holistic Platform for Decision Support in Rapidly Changing Process Chains
	1 Introduction
	2 Attempt
		2.1 Green Wave Concept
		2.2 Human Centered Approach
		2.3 Early Diagnosis and Detection
		2.4 Digital Twins for Reconfiguration and Decision Support
		2.5 Platform and Ecosystem for Rapid Reconfiguration
	3 How to Implement the Attempt?
		3.1 Use-Case 1 - Modular Sterilization Units
		3.2 Use-Case 2 - Production of Car Body Parts
		3.3 Use-Case 3 - Production of Child Seats with Recyclates
		3.4 Use-Case 4 - Contact Lens Manufacturing
		3.5 Use-Case 5 - CoCreating the Value Chain Ecosystem
	4 Conclusion and Vision
	References
New Concepts for a Flexible Car Body Shop of Hang-on Parts: From Lightweight Engineering Fixture to Modular Flexible Cell Concept
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Objective
	4 Method
	5 Results
		5.1 Standard Fixture
		5.2 Robot-Guided Lightweight Engineering Fixtures
		5.3 Modular Flexible Cell Concept
	6 Summary and Outlook
	References
A Data Model for Predictive Supply Chain Risk Management
	1 Introduction and Literature Review
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Modeling Methodology
		2.2 Industrial Case Study
		2.3 Predictive Modeling Procedure
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Flexibility and Changeability for Software-Defined Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Flexibility and Changeability for SDM
		3.1 Quantifying Flexibility and Changeability
		3.2 Decision Support System Selection
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Configuration of an AVS/RS Using a Data-Driven Queueing Network Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusions and Further Research
	References
Sustainable Operations and Circular Economy
Challenges for Textile SMEs to Reach Sustainability
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Sustainability and Production
		2.2 SMEs and Sustainability Challenges
		2.3 The Textile Industry and Sustainability
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings
	5 Analysis and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Research
	References
On the Sustainability Indexing of Carbon Footprint Reduction Approaches for Manufacturing Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Technologies and Approaches at Design Level
		3.2 Technologies and Approaches at Resources Level
		3.3 Technologies and Approaches at Process Level
		3.4 Technologies and Approaches at Equipment Level
		3.5 Technologies and Approaches at System Level
		3.6 Technologies and Approaches at Human Resources Level
		3.7 Technologies and Approaches at Legal/Standardization Aspects Level
		3.8 Sustainability Assessment
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Measuring Environmental Sustainability at Logistics Hubs: An International Benchmark of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Design of International Surveys
		3.2 Questionnaire Structure and Data Analysis
	4 Results
		4.1 Sample Features
		4.2 Resource Consumption and GHG Emission Figures
		4.3 Green Warehousing Solutions in Place
	5 Conclusions and Future Developments
	References
The Integrated ESG Approach to Assess Sustainability: An Application in the Food and Beverage Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 Regulations
	3 The Integrated ESG Approach
		3.1 Setting the Boundaries of the Assessment
		3.2 Identification of Relevant Factors
		3.3 Pyramid of Indicators
		3.4 Interconnection Analysis and Sustainability Assessment
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Further Developments
	References
Industrial Symbiosis Network Optimization Model for Supporting By-Products Reuse
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Problem Statement and Model Formulation
	3 Model Application
		3.1 Case Study Application
		3.2 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
Rapid Assessment of Circularity Practices Within the Manufacturing Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Rapid Circularity Assessment
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
De-manufacturing Analysis for Product Repairability and Serviceability in Cooking Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Project Definition
		2.2 Laboratory Tests
		2.3 Index Calculation
		2.4 Eco-design Actions
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Morphological Analysis on the Demanufacturing Operations and End of Life Components Sustainability: Rail Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
	3 Materials and Methodology
	4 Modeling Demanufacturing Operation Options Selection
	5 An Optimal Demanufacturing Operation Option Selection Strategy
	6 Conclusion
	References
Sustainability of Medical Gowns Supply Chain Management in the Post-covid Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Current Management of Disposable Medical Gowns
		2.2 Definition of Recyclable Medical Gowns Supply Chain
		2.3 Key Performance Indicators and Impact Factors of Recyclable Medical Gowns Supply Chain
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Integration of Federated Learning to Smart Grid for Efficient and Secure Energy Distribution
	1 Introduction
	2 Federated Learning in Energy Systems
	3 Proposed Federated Learning Smart Grid Architecture
		3.1 Horizontal Federated Learning (HFL) Framework
	4 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Flexibility in Global Supply Chains: A Hybrid Energy Consumption Simulation Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Energy System Optimization Modelling and Electrical Grid Management: The Case of Italy
	1 Introduction and Literature Review
	2 Methodology
	3 Case Study Description
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
Process Documentation for the Agile Development of Wind Turbines Using Subject-Oriented Modeling
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 State of the Art
	3 A Subject-Oriented Approach to Analyzing and Modeling Agile Product Development Processes
		3.1 Process Recording of the Status AS-IS
		3.2 Process Analysis to Derive Roles, Activities and Artifacts
		3.3 Structure of the Model
	4 Model: Agile Product Development Process in the Wind Turbine Industry
	5 Review and Conclusion
	References
Design and Management of Assembly Systems
A Competency Framework for Assembly Operators
	1 Introduction
	2 A Literature Overview
		2.1 Terminology
		2.2 Competency Categories in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0
		2.3 Competency Framework in Manufacturing
	3 Competency Framework for Assembly Operators
	4 Evaluation of the Competency Framework for Assembly Operator
	5 Conclusion and Further Research
	References
Graph-Based and Object-Oriented Description Model for Changeable Assembly Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Basis
		2.1 Changeable Production Systems
		2.2 Data Modelling
		2.3 Approaches for Modelling Changeable and Reconfigurable Assembly Systems
	3 Description Model for Changeable Assembly Systems
		3.1 Modelling Approach
		3.2 Description Model
		3.3 Model Implementation
	4 Discussion and Outlook
	References
End-Effector-Dependent Evaluation of Task Executability by Mobile Robots in Changeable Assembly Stations
	1 Formation Planning in Changeable Assembly
	2 Evaluating Robot Workspaces
	3 End-Effector-Dependent Feasible Task Poses
	4 Validation on Exemplary Task Poses
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
A Motion Capture-Based Approach to Human Work Analysis for Industrial Assembly Workstations
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Human Activity Recognition in Industry
		2.2 Human Activity Recognition Methods
	3 Human Activity Recognition Approach in an Industrial Environment
		3.1 Proposed Method for the Human Activity Recognition
		3.2 Use Case Description
		3.3 Experiment Setup
		3.4 Execution of Experiment
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Framework for Formulating Competence-Aware Scheduling Models in Mixed-Model Assembly
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Competence Modelling
		2.2 Scheduling Models
		2.3 Shortcomings
	3 Framework Proposal
	4 Conclusion and Future Research
	References
The Control Architecture KaReSA: A Learning Disassembly System
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 KaReSA
		3.1 Control Architecture Concept
		3.2 Product Information Model
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
CAD-Based Product Partitioning for Automated Disassembly Sequence Planning with Community Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Applying Community Detection to Disassembly Planning
		2.1 Graph Representations of Assembly Topology
		2.2 The Louvain Algorithm
		2.3 The Girvan–Newman Algorithm
	3 Implementation of CAD-Based Community Detection
	4 Validation on Exemplary CAD Models
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Product-Process Design and Re-design Actions
Influence of Time-Variant Robotic Welding Processes in Car Body Construction
	1 Introduction
	2 State of Research
	3 Objective
	4 Process Description of Welding Technologies
		4.1 Resistance Spot Welding
		4.2 Arc Stud Welding
	5 Results
		5.1 Varying Process Times in RSW
		5.2 Varying Process Times in ASW
		5.3 Influence of Time-Variance in RALBP
		5.4 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Research
	References
A Multimodal Distribution Model of Stochastic Process Times in Resistance Spot Welding
	1 Introduction
	2 State of Research
	3 Objective
	4 Bimodal Distribution Model
		4.1 Distribution Assumption for Prolonged Weld Times
		4.2 Parametrization of the Distribution model
		4.3 Estimation Method for Uncorrelating Parameters
	5 Results
		5.1 Experimental Setup
		5.2 Experimental Results
		5.3 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
A Regression-Based Method for Reduced Order Modelling of Laser Welding Process
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Method
	4 Implementation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Cutting Parameters Optimization for CNC Rotary Ultrasonic Grinding of a Crystal Glass
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Contextualization
		1.2 Machining Methods of a 3D Part
		1.3 Crystal Glass, Measurement of Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Experimental Tests and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Data and Connectivity Based Process Control for Grinding Brake Disc
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Data and Connectivity Based Adaptive Manufacturing Model
	4 Elementary Technologies for Implementing a Data and Connectivity Based Process Control
		4.1 Implementing Digital Twin for Grinding System
		4.2 Internet of Things-Based Connectivity for Collaboration
		4.3 Hybrid Model for Data Driven and Physics-Based Decision
	5 Development of a Hybrid Model-Based Process Control System
		5.1 Architecture for Developing Autonomous Process control System
		5.2 Monitoring Process Behavior Through Collecting Data
		5.3 Generating Algorithm for Controlling Process Parameter
		5.4 Implementation of an Autonomous Grinding Process Control System
	6 Contribution of the Developed System and Future Work
	7 Conclusions
	References
CAD-Based Hygienic Design for the Development of Food Processing Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Knowledge Acquisition Phase
		2.2 Knowledge Processing Phase
		2.3 Knowledge Representation Phase
	3 Case Study
	4 Results and Conclusions
	References
Opportunities and Challenges of Using Plywood in Data-Driven Parametric Building Construction
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Construction Transformation
		1.2 New Methods of Construction and Materials
	2 Plywood as Construction Material
		2.1 Critical Considerations
	3 The Future of Construction
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Prefabrication of Fully Ecological, Membrane-Free Timber Constructions Through Digital Manufacturing Methods
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
		2.1 Construction Method with and Without Holes
		2.2 Hygrothermal Simulation of a Junction with and Without a Conventional Membrane
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Increasing Efficiency of Timber Structures Using Digital Fabrication Methods for Demand-Specific Cross-Section Prefabrication
	1 Introduction and Research Topic
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Design Principals and Manufacturing
		2.2 Testing
		2.3 FEM-Modelling
		2.4 CNC-Milled Basic Structural Elements
	3 Proof of Concept
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
Customization of Sustainability Factors and Housing- Needs in the Construction Industry. A Status Quo Analysis of House Configurators and Requirement Survey of Generation Y and Z
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Mass Customization, Product Configurators and Sustainability
		1.2 The Configurator Database Project
	2 Introducing Generation Y and Z
		2.1 Definition of Generation Y and Z
		2.2 Characteristics of Generation Y and Z
		2.3 Generation Y’S and Z’S Attitude Towards Sustainability and Mass Customisation
	3 Sustainable Living and the Tiny House Movement
	4 Research
		4.1 Aim of the Research
		4.2 Setting of the Research
	5 Findings
		5.1 Quantitative Analysis of the Configurator Database Project
		5.2 Quantitative Analysis on Product Type Tiny House and House (n = 30)
		5.3 Online Survey Among Generation Y and Z
	6 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Industry 4.0 and Enabling Technologies
Models for the Cost-Benefit Analysis of Digitalization and Industry 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Classification and Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Future Research Direction
	References
Introducing the Upskilling Framework - A Learning Factory Approved for Robotics Focused on Knowledge Transfer and Creation
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 The Learning Factory’s Part to Produce
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Managing Manufacturing Innovation: Four Types of Problems and Matching Innovation Processes
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis
		2.1 Types of Problems
		2.2 Innovation Process for Simple Problems
		2.3 Innovation Process for Complicated Problems
		2.4 Innovation Process for Complex Problems
		2.5 Innovation Process for Chaotic Problems
	3 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Digital Roadmap Methodology for Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Companies
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Open Source Hardware in Manufacturing – Opportunities and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Challenges in SAXONY’S Industrial Sector
	3 Status of OSH in Manufacturing
	4 Opportunities and Challenges for OSH in Manufacturing
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Digital Twins in Machine Development and Self-adjusting Operations
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Simulation and Virtual Models
		2.2 Modularization and Standardization
		2.3 Machine Control Logics, CPS and CPPS
		2.4 Digital Twin
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Maturity Assessment Model for Digital Twin-Value Stream Technology in Greenhouses
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Model Validation, Case Study, and the Results
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Work
	References
Digital Twin Preparation for the Prototyping Phase, a Use Case
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Digital Twin and Product Development
		2.2 Framework
		2.3 Discrete Event Simulation for Digital Twin
		2.4 Bidirectional Communication
	3 Methodology
	4 Use Case
	5 Results and Outlook
	References
An Introduction and Characterisation of Non-identical Digital Twins in Manufacturing Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 DTs in Manufacturing System
		2.2 Digital Twin Components
	3 Identification of Digital Twins
	4 Taxonomy of Non-identical Digital Twins
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Value Stream Mapping—How Industry 4.0 Can Help Us to Learn to See Better
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Findings and Discussion
		3.1 Requirements for DVSM to Overcome the Limitations of Static VSM
		3.2 DVSM Approaches
	4 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Intelligence Implementation Strategy for Industrial Companies Using the AI Tool Box - A Morphology for Selecting Relevant AI Use Cases
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Artificial Intelligence: Hype or Reality?
		1.2 A Lack of AI Adoption
		1.3 Barriers for AI Adoption
	2 AI Adoption Process
	3 Our Approach
		3.1 AI Use Case Recommendation
		3.2 Deliverables
	4 Conclusion
		4.1 Discussion
		4.2 Further Research
	References
AI-Based Recommender System for Optimization of the Offer Management in Special Machine Engineering
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Offer Management in Special Machine Engineering
		2.2 Product Cost Estimation Techniques
		2.3 Recommender Systems
		2.4 Intermediate Conclusion
	3 Concept
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Simulation-Based Improvement of Production in the Tex-Tile Industry—A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Background—Digitalization in Textile Manufacturing
	3 Method—Discrete Event Simulation
	4 Case Study—Refinement of Textile Products
		4.1 Case Description
		4.2 Data Analysis, Implementation and Results
	5 Results—Analysis and Usage for Improvements
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Building Optimal Consortia in Smart Production Ecosystems
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 Consortia Generation
	3 Optimal Consortia
	4 Related Work
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Mutualistic Networks for Decentralized Task Allocation in Human-Robot Teams
	1 Introduction
	2 Mutualistic Networks for Task Allocation
	3 Method for Resource Allocation in Human-Robot Teams
	4 Filter Modelling for Weighting the Stimuli
		4.1 Station Filter
		4.2 Backlog Filter
		4.3 Qualification Filter
	5 Use Case
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Task Allocation for Collaborative Robot Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Architecture Setup
	3 Objective Functions for the Task Allocation
	4 Real-Time Control
		4.1 Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimizing Makespan in Single-Model Assembly Lines with Human-Robot Collaboration
	1 Introduction and Literature Review
		1.1 Human-Robot Collaboration
	2 Method
		2.1 Model Formulation
	3 Case Study
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
Towards Self-organized Logistics Planning in Decentralised Production Systems via Agent-Based Modelling
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Matrix-Structured Manufacturing Systems
		1.2 Logistics Planning Strategy
		1.3 Self-organised Mobile Robotic Swarm
	2 State of the Art
	3 Agent-Driven Metaheuristic Algorithmic Architecture
		3.1 Metaheuristic Logistics Optimisation
		3.2 Agent-Based MMS Simulation
		3.3 Swarm Robot Implementation
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Exoskeletons to Support Manual Material Handling at Work: A Preliminary Study
	1 Introduction and Literature Review
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Author Index