Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering: TCCE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 348)

Organization
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing
Face Mask Detection in the Era of COVID-19: A CNN-Based Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Datasets Characteristics
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Data Augmentation
		4.2 Model Construction
	5 Result
	6 Epilogue and Future Work
	References
A Weighted Average Ensemble Technique to Predict Heart Disease
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Data Spiliting
		3.4 Training Models
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 System Configuration
		4.2 Performence Matrix
		4.3 Result
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Nutritious Menu Planning for Sinusitis Patient in Malaysian Through Optimization Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Description
		2.2 Modeling
		2.3 General Equation for Special Diet Model
		2.4 Delete Reshuffle Algorithm
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Linear Programming Model
		3.2 Integer Programming Model
		3.3 Discussion on Linear Programming and Integer Programming Approach by Using a Small Dataset
		3.4 Comparison of Linear and Integer Programming Approach
		3.5 Further Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Nutritious Menu and Nutrient Planning for Avoiding Stroke Disease by Using Optimization Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Modeling
		2.2 Delete-Reshuffle Algorithm
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Lower Bound and Upper Bound of Nutrient Contents
		3.2 Linear Programming Model
		3.3 Integer Programming Model
		3.4 Comparison of Linear and Integer Programming Approach
		3.5 Further Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Application of Machine Learning to Traditional System for Analyzing the Conditional Results of School and College Students
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Data Collection
	4 Error Analysis
	5 Proposed System
		5.1 Conceptual Proposed System Diagram
		5.2 Result Publishing Method
		5.3 Flowchart of the Result Publishing Process
		5.4 Algorithm for Publishing the Result
		5.5 Machine Learning Approach in the Dataset
		5.6 Score of the Algorithms
	6 Error Analysis of the Proposed System
		6.1 Prediction Accuracy
		6.2 Result of SVR and Multiple Regression Are not Same as Conditional
	7 Open Challenges
	8 Conclusion
	References
Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Predicting Depression Among University Students in Bangladesh
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Developing Questionnaire
		3.2 Data Collection and Pre-processing
		3.3 Developing Classification Predictive Model
	4 Evaluation and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Deep Neural Network Models for Weather Forecasting in Bangladesh
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Prepossessing
		3.3 Normalization
		3.4 Multilayer Perceptron
		3.5 ARIMA
		3.6 Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM)
	4 Performance Evaluation
		4.1 Parameter Settings
		4.2 Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
		4.3 Mean Squared Error (MSE)
		4.4 Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
		4.5 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Instantaneous Communication Between Cerebellum, Hypothalamus, and Hippocampus (C–H–H) During Decision-Making Process in Human Brain-III
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Theoretical Study
		2.2 Experimental Study
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Cerebellum Features in Terms of Clocking Map
		3.2 Reliable Frequency Modes in Cerebellum to Communicate with Other Brain Components
		3.3 Hypothalamus: Emotion Rhythm Under Regulated Breathing
		3.4 Circular Pathways of Signal in Hippocampus
		3.5 Cross-Talk Between Hippocampus and Human Brain: Rule of Signal Propagation Along the Loop Pathways in Hippocampus
		3.6 Phase Modulation of Signals in Loop Paths
		3.7 Signal Synchronization in Hippocampus
		3.8 Clocking Assembly of C–H–H
	4 Conclusion
	References
Bangla Depressive Social Media Text Detection Using Hybrid Deep Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Dataset Creation
		2.2 Dataset Preprocessing
		2.3 Word Embedding
		2.4 Proposed Model
		2.5 Training and Testing
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Implementation of Real-Time Automated Attendance System Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Preparing Face Image Dataset
		3.2 Train Dataset
		3.3 Image Classification
		3.4 Comparison and Recognition
		3.5 Collection of Attendance
		3.6 Evaluation of Attendance
	4 Evaluation and Result Analysis
		4.1 Experimental Environment and Output
		4.2 Result Analysis and Comparative Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Cognitive Science and Computational Biology
Cognitive Engineering for AI: An Octave Drawing Test for Building a Mathematical Structure of a Subconscious Mind
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Structure and Model for a Subconscious Mind
		1.2 Our Background Studies in Neuroscience and Mathematics
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Experiment on Human Subjects
		2.2 Temporal Restrictions and Dim Light in the Room
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Mathematical Model for Cognitive Engineering
	References
A Hybrid CNN-LSTM-Based Emotional Status Determination using Physiological Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Preparation and Preprocessing
		3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
		3.3 Long-Term Short-Term Memory
		3.4 Proposed Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 System Configuration
		4.2 Hyperparameters Tuning
		4.3 Performance Matrix
		4.4 Result
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Effect of Sample Volume in Escherichia Coli Detection in Water Using Double-Decker Resonator
	1 Introduction
	2 Double-Decker Ring Resonator Layout and Mathematical Background
	3 Simulated Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Probit Regression in Identifying the Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer in Malaysian Private Hospital
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Research Objectives
		1.3 Significance of Research
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Flow Chart of Research
		2.2 Test of Hypothesis
		2.3 Data Collection and Cleaning
		2.4 Probit Regression Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Probit Regression Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Binary Programming for Primary School Diet Among Autism Children in Malaysia
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Solution Approach
		3.4 Develop the Model
		3.5 Stopping Criteria
	4 Expected Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Menu Planning and Scheduling for Vegetarian Breast Cancer Patients in Malaysia Using Optimization Approaches
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Breast Cancer
		1.2 Linear Programming
		1.3 Integer Programming
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Modeling
		2.3 Definition of Decision Variable
		2.4 The Lower Bound and Upper Bound of Nutrient Contents
		2.5 Assumptions in Preparing Menu
		2.6 One-Week Vegetarian Menu
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Selection of Intrinsic Mode Function in Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Based on Peak Frequency of PSD for EEG Data Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Dataset
		2.2 Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
		2.3 IMF Selection Approach
		2.4 Performance
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Brief Review of Computation Techniques for ECG Signal Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Cardiovascular Signal Processing
		2.1 Derivatives and Digital Filter-Based Methods
		2.2 Transformation-Based Methods
		2.3 Machine Learning-Based Methods
		2.4 Other Methods for ECG Delineation
	3 ECG Feature Extraction
	4 ECG Classification
		4.1 Neural Network-Based Classifiers
		4.2 SVM-Based Classifiers
		4.3 HMM-Based Classifiers
		4.4 GMM-Based Classifiers
		4.5 Other Selected Classifiers
	5 Discussion and Summary
	6 Conclusion
	References
Use of a Computational Tool for the Assessment of Attention of Medical Residents After a day on Duty
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Internet of Things and Data Analytics
The Effectiveness of Public Transport System
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Sampling Technique
		2.3 Data Analysis Technique
		2.4 Pilot Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Document Review
		3.2 Observation
		3.3 Descriptive Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Study of Smart People Toward Smart Cities Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Sampling and Population Techniques
		2.3 Data Analysis Technique
		2.4 Reliability of Pilot Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Document Review
		3.2 Reliability of Real Test
		3.3 Demographic Analysis
		3.4 Central Tendencies and Standard Deviation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Smart Cities with Smart Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Sampling and Population Techniques
		2.3 Data Analysis Technique
		2.4 Reliability of the Pilot Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Document Review
		3.2 Reliability of Real Test
		3.3 Central Tendencies and Standard Deviation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Smart Economy Through Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Sampling and Population Techniques
		2.3 Data Analysis Technique
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Document Review
		3.2 Reliability of Real Test
		3.3 Central Tendencies and Standard Deviation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Exploring the Factor of Public Transport Ridership
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Sampling Technique
		2.3 Data Analysis Technique
		2.4 Pilot Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Document Review
		3.2 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analyze Scheduling Problem on Operation Theatre in Malaysian Public Hospital Using Integer Linear Programming Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Flowchart
		2.2 Data Collection
		2.3 Modelling
		2.4 Model Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Constructed Schedules
		3.2 Comparison Between Constructed Schedule an Existing Schedule
		3.3 Sensitivity Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Enhancing the Queuing Management System in Malaysian Public Hospital
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Queuing Theory
		2.3 Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Descriptive Analysis
		3.2 Operating Characteristics
		3.3 Simulation of Outpatient Queuing System
		3.4 Sensitivity Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Shooting and Discretization Method in Settling the Royalty Payment Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Shooting Method
	3 Non-Classical Optimal Control Problem
	4 An Illustrative Example
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Low-Cost Stand-Alone Smart Irrigation System: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed System Model
		3.1 Data collection
		3.2 FNN-based Irrigation System
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Network and Security
Improving the Life Span of IoT Sensor Devices Using Smart Packet Filtration Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement and Contribution
		2.1 Problem Statement
		2.2 Contribution
	3 Packet Filtration Algorithm
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Software Simulation
		4.2 Hardware Setup
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modal Share Concept for Mobility
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Sampling Technique
		2.3 Data Analysis Technique
		2.4 Pilot Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Reliability Analysis
		3.2 Frequency Analysis for Acknowledgement Among Respondents Toward the Modal Share for Mobility
		3.3 Descriptive Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Traffic Flow to Promote Sustainable Mobility
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Research Methodology
		2.2 Data Analysis Technique
		2.3 Pilot Test
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Questionnaire
		3.2 Observation
	4 Conclusion
	References
LCADP: a Low-Cost Accident Detection Prototype for a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Decision Making Methodology and Prototype Development
	4 Hardware Configuration and Work in Progress
	5 Existing System Managements Versus Developed Prototype
		5.1 Airbag System
		5.2 Accident Detection with Mobile
		5.3 Pervasive Fall Detection
		5.4 Onstar Corporation Native System
		5.5 Machine Learning in Accident Managements
		5.6 Vehicular Ad Hoc Network in Intelligent Transportation
		5.7 Internet of Things in Traffic Congestion Control
		5.8 Developed Prototype (LCADP)
	6 Limitation and Future Works
	7 Conclusion
	References
Drop-Shaped Fractal Patch Antenna for THz Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Designing of Triple-Band, Quad-Band, and Super Wideband Microstrip Antennas for THz Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Triple-Band Ring Antenna Design and Analysis
	3 Super Wideband Ring Antenna
	4 Quad-Band Ring Antenna
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Smart Multi-user Wireless Nurse Calling System and E-Notice Board for Health Care Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept Making and System Modeling
	3 Accessories of the Proposed System
		3.1 Arduino Uno
		3.2 Fingerprint Sensor Module
		3.3 Radio Transceiver Module
	4 Project Design and Working Procedure
	5 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Evaluating Performances of VPN Tunneling Protocols Based on Application Service Requirements
	1 Introduction
	2 VPN Tunneling
		2.1 IPSec Tunneling Protocol
		2.2 L2TP with IPSec Tunneling Protocol
		2.3 MPLS Tunneling Protocol
	3 Problem Description
		3.1 Simulation of IPSec
		3.2 Simulation of Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
		3.3 Simulation of L2TP with IPSec VPN
	4 Performance Evaluation
		4.1 Simulation Environment
		4.2 Throughput Analysis
		4.3 Latency Analysis
		4.4 Jitter Analysis
		4.5 Input-Output Graph Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Tuning Wavelength of the Localized Mode Microcavity by Applying Different Oxygen Flows
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Porous Silicon and Oxidized Porous Silicon Microcavities
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Unoxidized Porous Silicon Microcavity
	4 Conclusions
	Appendix
	MATLAB Program Code
	References
Signal Processing, Computer Vision and Rhythm Engineering
An Approach to Detect Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by Removing Noisy and Inconsistent Values of UCI Dataset
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Pre-processing of Dataset
		3.3 Building Model
		3.4 Model Evaluation Criteria
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Neural Networks for Brain Tumor Detection from MRI Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Model Architecture
	3 Experiments and Results Discussion
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Hyper Parameters
		3.4 Experimental Setup and Evaluation
		3.5 Validation Protocol and Evaluation Metrics
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Deep Learning Approach with Data Augmentation to Recognize Facial Expressions in Real Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Convolutional Neural Network
	4 Data Collection and Preprocessing
	5 Data Augmentation
	6 System Implementation
	7 Results and Discussion
	8 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Automatic Localization of the Left Ventricle from Short-Axis MR Images Using Circular Hough Transform
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Datasets
		2.2 Circular Hough Transform (CHT) Algorithm
		2.3 LV Localization
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Facial Detection for Neonatal Infant Pain Using Facial Geometry Features and LBP
	1 Introduction
	2 Feature Collection
	3 Dataset
	4 Classification Algorithm
	5 Methodology
		5.1 Data Collection
		5.2 Features
		5.3 Classification
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Deep Learning-Based Ophthalmologic Approach for Retinal Fundus Image Analysis to Detect Glaucoma
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Classification
		3.2 Algorithmic Analysis
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Classification of ECG Ventricular Beats Assisted by Gaussian Parameters’ Dictionary
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 ECG Database
		2.2 Pre-Processing
		2.3 Segmentation
		2.4 Template Extraction
		2.5 Gaussian Parameters Estimation
		2.6 QRS Detection
		2.7 Classification (Experiment Setup)
	3 Results
		3.1 QTDB Peak-Detection
		3.2 Patient-Specific Classifier (QTDB Database)
		3.3 Ventricular Beat Classification (MIT-BIH AR. Database)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Oil Palm Tree Detection and Counting for Precision Farming Using Deep Learning CNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Deep Learning
		2.2 Convolutional Neural Network
		2.3 CNN Application
		2.4 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Correction to: Cognitive Engineering for AI: An Octave Drawing Test for Building a Mathematical Structure of a Subconscious Mind
	Correction to:  Chapter “Cognitive Engineering for AI: An Octave Drawing Test for Building a Mathematical Structure of a Subconscious Mind” in: M. S. Kaiser et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 348, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7597-311
Author Index