Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023: Vol. 9 (Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering)

Contents
Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development
Study on The Difference of Pore-Fracture Structure Between High-Low Rank Coal under SEM And Its Influence on Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Process
		2.1 Experimental Instruments
		2.2 Sample Information And Preparation
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Comparative Analysis of Pore Characteristics of JM18-2 Well and FJ-1 Well under SEM
		3.2 Comparative Analysis of Fracture Characteristics of JM18-2 Well And FJ-1 Well under SEM
	4 Research on Development Influence
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Water Invasion Intensity of Coalbed Methane Wells Based on Material Balance Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Influence of Water Invasion in Coalbed Methane Wells
	3 Water Invasion Intensity Modeling
		3.1 Calculation of Formation Pressure Distribution in Fractured Wells
		3.2 Calculation of average formation pressure
		3.3 Establishment of Single-Phase Flow Material Balance Equation
		3.4 Calculation of water invasion intensity
	4 Case Analysis and Result Validation
	5 Model Application
	6 Conclusions
	References
Large-Scale Network Fracturing Practice in Deep Coal Seam in Eastern Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Profile and Reservoir Characteristics
		2.1 Geological Features
		2.2 Engineering Features
		2.3 Geological-Engineering Sweet Spot Evaluation
	3 Large-Scale Network Fracturing Technology
		3.1 Horizontal Well Fracturing Stage and Cluster Design
		3.2 Pumping Schedule Design
		3.3 Efficient Filling of Fracture Network
	4 Field Practice
	5 Conclusion and Suggestion
	References
Experimental Study on the Influence of Fracturing Fluid on the Wettability of Medium and High Rank Coal
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Material and Method
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Coalbed Methane System, Exploitable Control Factors, Coalbed Methane Fields Characteristics, and Reserves in Bowen Basin
	1 Bowen Basin Overview
	2 Bowen Basin Coalbed Methane System
	3 Control Factors on Exploitable Coalbed Methane Field in Bowen Basin
		3.1 Structure and Permeability
		3.2 Deposition and Coal Distribution
		3.3 Gas Content
		3.4 Coal Rank and Vitrinite Content
		3.5 Geological Characteristics
	4 Characteristics of Coalbed Methane Fields
		4.1 Dawson Valley
		4.2 Fairview
		4.3 Spring Gully
		4.4 Moranbah
		4.5 Peat
		4.6 Scotia
	5 Reserves
	6 Conclusion
	References
Production Prediction Based on Principal Component Analysis and Neural Network—A Case Study in a Coalbed Methane Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 3D Geological Model
	4 Principal Components Analysis
	5 Neural Network Model
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Application of Downhole Laser Raman Spectroscopy Technology in Coalbed Methane Wells in Eastern Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Principles and Methods
		2.1 Qualitative Identification
		2.2 Quantitative Calculation
		2.3 Equipment Structure
	3 Field Test Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Practical Analysis of Deep Coalbed Methane Stimulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical Properties of Coal Seams in Taiyuan Formation of Daniudi Gas Field
	3 Well Case of Fracturing in Deep Coal Seams
		3.1 Analysis of Well S1 Fracturing
		3.2 Analysis of Well D1–567 Fracturing
		3.3 Analysis of Well YM1HF Fracturing
	4 Comparative Analysis of Fractured Wells
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Development Law of Deep Coalbed Gas Reservoirs at Eastern Edge of the Ordos Basin
	1 Reservoir Characteristics of Deep Supersaturated Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
		1.1 Pressure Characteristics
		1.2 Hydrological Characteristics
		1.3 Gas Bearing Characteristics and Reserve Calculation
	2 Mechanisms of Development of Deep Supersaturated Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
		2.1 Mechanism of Free Gas Release
		2.2 Mechanism of Continuous Phase Desorption in Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
		2.3 Typical Production Characteristics
	3 Numerical Simulation Study of Deep Supersaturated Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
		3.1 Free Gas Production Law
		3.2 Adsorption Gas Production Patterns
		3.3 Supersaturated Coalbed Methane Production Law
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Study of Pre-Stack Fracture Prediction Methods for Coal Bed Methane
	1 Introduction
	2 Prediction Principle of Pre-Stack Vertical-Wave Anisotropy Fracture
	3 Ellipse Fitting Method, Azimuthal Statistical Method for Anisotropy Strength Prediction and Problem Analysis
		3.1 Seismic Geology of Study Area
		3.2 Analysis of OVT Gather Data in the Study Area
		3.3 Anisotropy Strength Prediction and Analysis
	4 Instance
	5 Conclusion and Understanding
	References
Application of MGI Inversion Technology in Coal Seam Thickness Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Coal Seam Thickness Inversion Using MGI
		2.1 Basic Principle of MGI Inversion
		2.2 Rock Physics Analysis
		2.3 Wavelet Extraction and Synthetic Record Calibration
		2.4 Establishment of Initial Geological Model
		2.5 Inversion Parameter Analysis
	3 Effect of MGI Inversion Application
	4 Conclusion
	References
Exploration and Application of Seismic Geosteerable Drilling Technology for Coalbed Methane Horizontal Wells
	1 Introduction
	2 The Issues Faced by Geosteerable Drilling
	3 Seismic Geosteerable Drilling Technology
		3.1 Technical Approach
		3.2 Seismic Geosteerable Drilling
	4 Application Examples
	5 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Storage Efficiency at the Western Siberia Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Object of Study
		2.2 Reservoir Conditions
		2.3 Filtration Test Scheme
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Coreflooding Results
		3.2 Mineralogical Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Opportunities and Challenges of Harvesting Geothermal Energy from Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Challenges
		2.1 Subsidized Energy Prices
		2.2 Conflict of Interests Between Organizations
		2.3 Geographical Distribution of Oil and Gas Fields
	3 Opportunities and Recommended Procedures
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Strategic Analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies in Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Pre-combustion CCS
		1.2 Post-combustion CCS
		1.3 Oxy-Fuel Combustion CCS
	2 Overview of Strategic Analysis Techniques
	3 SWOT Analysis: Pre-, Post-, and Oxy-Fuel Combustion
		3.1 Strengths of CCS in Oil and Gas
		3.2 Weaknesses of Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion in Oil and Gas
		3.3 Opportunities of Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion in Oil and Gas
		3.4 Threats of Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion in Oil and Gas
		3.5 Comparative Analysis of SWOT on Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion
		3.6 Criticality Analysis on SWOT
	4 PESTEL Analysis: Pre-, Post-, and Oxy-Fuel Carbon Capture in Oil and Gas Industry
		4.1 Political Factors on Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion in Oil and Gas
		4.2 Economic Factors on Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion in Oil and Gas
		4.3 Social Factors on Advancement in CCS Technology
		4.4 Technological Factors of CCS Technology for Transportation of (CO2)
		4.5 Environmental Factors of CCS Technology
		4.6 Legal Factors of developed CCS technology
		4.7 Comparative Analysis of PESTEL on Pre-, Post- and Oxy-Fuel Combustion\\
		4.8 Criticality Analysis on PESTEL
	5 Conclusion
	References
Geothermal Resource Exploration and Development
Application of Multi-process Drilling Technology to the Hot Dry Rock Well GH-03 in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province
	1 Introduction
	2 Engineering Design Overview
		2.1 Formation Characteristics
		2.2 Well Bore Structure
	3 Multi-process Drilling Test
		3.1 Rotary Drilling
		3.2 Compound and Directional Drilling with PDM and Tri-cone Bit
		3.3 Compound Drilling with Turbodrill and Impregnated Diamond Bit
		3.4 Compound Drilling with Rotary-Percussive PDM and Tri-cone Bit
		3.5 Compound Drilling with PDM and PDC Bit
		3.6 Drilling Efficiency Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Laboratory Investigation of Cryogenic Fracturing Effect of Hot Dry Rock Wellbores Under Triaxial-Confining Stresses
	1 Introduction
	2 Laboratory Studies
		2.1 Laboratory Apparatus
		2.2 Specimens
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Breakdown Pressures
		3.2 Fracture Patterns
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study on the Characteristics of Fracturing Fracture Propagation and Turning in Carbonate Dry Hot Rock
	1 Introduction
	2 Sample Preparation and Experimental Methods
		2.1 Sample Preparation
		2.2 Experimental Methods
	3 Analysis of Hydraulic Fracturing Experimental Results
		3.1 Analysis of Pump Pressure Curve Characteristics
		3.2 Morphological Characteristics of Carbonate Rock Fractures
		3.3 The Influence of Horizontal Crustal Stress Difference on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation
	4 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Hole Type Directional Fracturing
		4.1 The Influence of Horizontal Crustal Stress Difference on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation
		4.2 The Influence of Pore Size on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation
		4.3 The Influence of Continuous Voids on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Geothermal Geological Characteristics and Utilization of Geothermal Resources in Northern Songliao Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geothermal Field Characteristics
	3 Characteristics of Thermal Reservoir System
		3.1 Upper Thermal Storage System
		3.2 Central Thermal Reservoir System
		3.3 Lower Thermal Reservoir System
	4 Discussion on Geothermal Development and Utilization Mode
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Sensitivity Damage Degree of Sandstone Geothermal Reservoir in Lantian Bahe Formation in Guanzhong Area
	1 Introduction
	2 Petrology Characteristics of Reservoir
	3 Reservoir Physical Property
	4 Pore Types of Reservoirs
	5 Reservoir Sensitivity Analysis
		5.1 Artificial Core Models and Core Protection
		5.2 Velocity Sensitivity
		5.3 Water Sensitivity
		5.4 Stress Sensitivity
		5.5 Acid Sensitivity
	6 Conclusion
	References
Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development
Optimal Design of Riserless Test String for Deepwater Gas Hydrate
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling
	3 Application Examples and Mechanical Analysis of the Riserless Test String Above the Mud Line
		3.1 Environmental Loads
		3.2 Test Drill String Model and Simplification
		3.3 Boundary Conditions and Load Calculations
		3.4 Finite Element Solution and Calibration
		3.5 Force Analysis and Calibration of Drill Pipe of Different Specifications
	4 Force Analysis of the Wellbore Section
		4.1 Finite Element Model
		4.2 Boundary Conditions and Load Calculations
		4.3 Results and Calibration
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Effect of Polymerization Degree of Hydrate Inhibitor on Hydrate Formation: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experiments
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental and Simulation Method
		2.1 Molecular Simulations
		2.2 Experimental
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 The Influence of Polymerization Degree of PVP on Water Molecules with Different Amounts
		3.2 The Influence of Polymerization Degree of PVP on Water Molecules with Fixed Amounts
		3.3 He Interaction Between PVP and Methane Hydrate
		3.4 Experimental Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Implementation of Machine Learning Based Systems into Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Stages of Implementation ML-Systems into Production
		2.1 Setting Goals
		2.2 Data Preparation
		2.3 Model Training
		2.4 Selecting a Pattern for Using the Model
		2.5 Deployment (Deploy)
		2.6 Monitoring
		2.7 Iterative Update
	3 Conclusion
	References
Knowledge-Based Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Oil Production Rate in the Oil Reservoir
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Well Performance and Decline Curve Analysis Optimization
	2 Evolutions of Analytics
		2.1 Descriptive Analytics
		2.2 Diagnostic Analytics
		2.3 Prescriptive Analytics
		2.4 Predictive Analytics
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Decision Tree
		3.2 K-Nearest Neighbors
		3.3 Multiple Linear Regressions
		3.4 Random Forest
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Predictive Maintenance Strategies for Oil and Gas Facilities Using AI-Based Vibration Monitoring
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Predictive Maintenance in Oil and Gas
		1.2 AI in Predictive Maintenance
		1.3 Random Forest for Predictive Maintenance
		1.4 Linear Regression for Predictive Maintenance
		1.5 Findings and Insights
		1.6 Future Directions
	2 Methodology: Application of Random Forest and Linear Regression Models
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Feature Selection
		2.4 Model Development
		2.5 Model Evaluation
		2.6 Interpretation and Analysis
		2.7 Implications and Recommendations
	3 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)
Analysis of the Development Status and Policy Trends of Carbon Pricing Mechanism in the Oil and Gas Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Development Status and Trends of International Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
		2.1 Development Status of International Carbon Pricing Mechanism
		2.2 Development Trends of International Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
	3 Impacts of Carbon Pricing Mechanisms on Oil and Gas Industry
		3.1 Carbon Pricing Mechanisms Applicable to the Oil and Gas Upstream Industry
		3.2 The Development of International Carbon Pricing Mechanism will Accelerate the Low-Carbon Transformation of the Oil and Gas Industry
	4 Case Study on Canada’s Carbon Price Mechanism and Its Economic Impacts on Oil and Gas Projects
		4.1 Introduction of Canada Carbon Price Mechanism
		4.2 Assessing the Economic Impact on Oil Sands Projects
	5 Conclusion
	References
Salt Precipitation Law of Formation Water During CO2 Injection into Depleted Gas Reservoirs
	1 Phase Equilibrium Model During CO2 Injection
		1.1 Equation of State for a Gas
		1.2 Mechanism of CO2 Dissolution and Water-Rock Reaction
		1.3 Salting-Out Model
		1.4 Three-Phase Balance Analysis Process
	2 Simulation Example of Water Evaporation and Salting Out During CO2 Injection
		2.1 Simulation Establishment
		2.2 Simulation Results and Analysis
	3 Conclusion
	References
Research Progress on Enhanced Oil Recovery by CO2 Flooding in Low Permeability Reservoirs
	1 Introduction
	2 CO2 EOR Mechanism
		2.1 Changing Rock Properties of Reservoir
		2.2 Altering Fluid Properties of Reservoir
		2.3 Gas Dissolution Drive
		2.4 Miscible Effect
	3 Calculation Methods for Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP)
		3.1 Experimental Method
		3.2 Empirical Formula Method
		3.3 State Equation Method [30]
		3.4 Numerical Simulation Method
	4 Field Application and Effect
		4.1 Lithology
		4.2 Reservoir Depth and Temperature
		4.3 Porosity and Permeability
		4.4 Crude Oil Density and Viscosity
		4.5 Displacement Mode
		4.6 Injection Method
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	Appendix
	References
Study and Experiment on CCUS-EOR Technology for Shale Oil in Dagang Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Study on Mechanism of Enhancing Oil Recovery by CO2 Injection in Shale Oil
		2.1 Miscible Phase to Improve Oil Displacement Efficiency
		2.2 Miscibility Reduces Viscosity and Improves Fluidity of Shale Oil
		2.3 The Seepage Channel is Expanded by Dissolution and Seepage Enhancement
		2.4 Reduce the Viscosity of Residual Fracturing Fluid and Help Flow Back
		2.5 Replenishment of Formation Energy
	3 Optimization Design of Injection and Production Process Parameters
		3.1 Injection Volume Optimization Design
		3.2 Embodiments Design
		3.3 Optimal Design of Shut-Off Time
	4 Research on Supporting Technology
		4.1 Injection and Production Integration Technology
		4.2 Corrosion Control Technology
		4.3 Production Gas Recovery Injection Technology
	5 Field Test Effect
	6 Conclusion and Prospect
	References
Evaluation of Development Effect for CO2 Flooding After Water Flooding in Low Permeability Reservoirs-A Case Study of a Well Group in Hei46 Block, Jilin Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Block Overview
		2.1 Geological Overview
		2.2 Production Overview
	3 Dynamic Analysis
		3.1 Stage Division
		3.2 Long-Cycle WAG
		3.3 Short-Cycle WAG
		3.4 Comprehensive Analysis
	4 Suggestions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Residual Oil Distribution and Displacing Mechanisms of CO2 Asynchronous Injection and Production in Complex Fault Block Reservoirs and Pilot Test
	1 Introduction
	2 The CAIP Flooding Experiments and Section
		2.1 Experimental Facility and Materials
		2.2 Experimental Procedure
		2.3 Oil Recovery Performance of CAIP in Fault Block Reservoirs
		2.4 Oil Production Regulations of the CAIP Flooding
	3 The CAIP Flooding Micro-Visual Experiments
		3.1 Experimental Facility and Materials
		3.2 Experimental Procedure
		3.3 Sweep Expansion and Oil Displacing Mechanisms for the CAIP Flooding
	4 NMR Tests for Microscopic Oil Displacement in CAIP Process
		4.1 Principle of NMR Test
		4.2 Experimental Procedure
		4.3 Microscopic Oil Displacement Mechanisms in CAIP Process
	5 Pilot Tests for the CAIP Flooding
	6 Conclusion
	References
Collaborative Optimization Method for Injection and Production Parameters of Water Alternating CO2 Flooding
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Establish Mathematical Model for Collaborative Optimization
		2.2 Solve the Optimization Mathematical Model
	3 Application on Realistic Reservoir
	4 Conclusion
	References
CO2-EOR Pilot Study on Deep Buried Low Permeability Hill Fracture Reservoir in Liaohe Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Block-229
	3 Injection Test and Analysis in Block-229
		3.1 Water Injection Test
		3.2 Field Injection Test
	4 Carbon Dioxide Flooding
		4.1 Feasibility Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Flooding
		4.2 Carbon Dioxide Flooding Mechanism
		4.3 Carbon Dioxide Flooding Parameters Design
		4.4 Research of Matched Technology
	5 Field Test of Shuang229 Block
	6 Conclusion
	References
CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifer Injection Types, Well Placement and Well Control Co-optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Uniformly Increasing Pressure Parameter
		2.2 CO2 Storage Design Optimization
		2.3 Optimization Algorithms
		2.4 Numerical Reservoir Simulator
		2.5 Optimization Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Model Description
		3.2 Case Studies
		3.3 Comparison with Different Injection Type
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Study on Fracture Propagation of Tight Sandstone Under the True Triaxial Fracturing with Supercritical CO2
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Apparatus
	3 Experimental Samples and Methods
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
		4.1 The Influence of Fluid Type on the Propagation Law of Fractures in Tight Sandstone
		4.2 The Influence of Injection Displacement Rate on the Fracture Propagation Law in Tight Sandstone
		4.3 The Influence of Horizontal Stress Difference on the Fracture Propagation Law in Tight Sandstone
	5 Conclusions
	References
Simulation and Optimization of CO2 Saline Aquifer Storage Injection Strategy
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Model Description
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Continuous CO2 Injection Schemes
		3.2 Intermittent CO2 Injection Scheme
		3.3 WAG Injection Scheme
		3.4 The Distribution of CO2 Under Three Injection Schemes
	4 Conclusion
	References
Molecular Simulation of Hydrocarbon Recovery from Calcite Surface with the Implications for CO2 Storage in Nanopores
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Details
	3 Results
		3.1 Detachment Process of C8H18 by CO2
		3.2 Effect of Temperature and CO2 Density
		3.3 Effect of Residual Oil on CO2 Storage
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Model to Predict the Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures Containing CO2
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Empirical Viscosity Data
		2.2 Viscosity Modelling
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Pure CO2
		3.2 Mixtures with CO2
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Binary Mixtures of n-Alkane and CO2
		4.2 Multicomponent Mixtures
	5 Conclusions
	6 Nomenclature
	References
Feasibility and Potential Evaluation of CO2 Flooding and Storage in China Offshore Depleted Oilfields
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanism and Advantages of CO2 Sequestration in Offshore Depleted Oilfields
	3 Typical Examples of CO2 Flooding in Depleted Oil Reservoirs
		3.1 CO2 EOR and Sequestration Project in Weyburn Water-Flood Mature Oilfield
		3.2 CO2 EOR and CO2 Sequestration in Dulang Oilfield in High Water Cut Stage
		3.3 CO2 Flooding in Abandoned Water-Flood Reservoir in Pucheng Field
	4 Potential of CO2-EOR and Sequestration in China Offshore Depleted Fields
		4.1 Case Analysis
		4.2 Analysis of CO2 Sequestration Potential of Offshore Depleted Reservoirs
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Evaluation of CO2 Immiscible Displacement in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoir
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Section
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Experiment Procedure
	3 Numerical Simulation
		3.1 History Matching
		3.2 Simulation Study
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Experimental Analyze
		4.2 Numerical Simulation Analyze
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Permeability Prediction Method of CO2 Storage Layer Based on Random Forest
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Background
	3 Data Preprocessing
		3.1 Core Positioning
		3.2 Data Set Partitioning
		3.3 Data Analysis
		3.4 Model Performance Measurement
	4 Introduction to Random Forest Algorithm
	5 Construction of Permeability Prediction Model for CO2 Storage Reservoir Based on Random Forest Algorithm
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Microscopic Migration Law of CO2 in Salt Water Storage Based on Pressure Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Simulation Methods
		2.1 Numerical Model Establishment
		2.2 Two-Dimensional Model Establishment
		2.3 Material Parameters
		2.4 Calculation Parameter Setting
		2.5 Grid Division Parameters
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microscopic Migration Law of CO2 Storage in the Salt Water Layer
		3.2 Effect of Different Factors on Microscopic Migration Law
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research and Practice on CCUS Process Supporting Technology for Heavy Oil Bottom Water Reservoirs
	1 Research Background
		1.1 Geological Conditions of K104 Fault Block
		1.2 Development History of K104 Fault Block
	2 Difficulties in CCUS Process Matching
		2.1 Difficulties in Supporting Ground Technology
		2.2 Difficulties in Supporting Wellbore Technology
		2.3 High Energy Consumption in Production and Operation
	3 CCUS Process Technology Countermeasures
		3.1 Ground Process Supporting Ideas
		3.2 Supporting Ideas for Wellbore Lifting
	4 Practice and Effect of CCUS Process Technology in Field
		4.1 Significantly Improved Adaptability of Ground Processes
		4.2 Significantly Enhanced Adaptability of Wellbore Technology
	5 Understanding and Conclusion
	References
Research on Drilling Technology of CCUS Cluster Platform Well in Jilin Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 CCUS Cluster Platform Design Principles
	3 Summary of CCUS Cluster Platform Well Scheme
		3.1 Surface Wellhead Layout
		3.2 Design of Well Structure and Drill Assembly
	4 Construction Difficulties
		4.1 Wellbore Trajectory
		4.2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution
		4.3 Wellbore Integrity
	5 Design and Construction Key Technologies
		5.1 Prevent Collision and Wound Barriers
		5.2 Drilling Fluid
		5.3 Corrosion and Cementing Completion
		5.4 Well Control Measures
	6 Application Effect
	7 Conclusion and Understanding
	References:
An Analysis of the Impact of Carbon Emission Policy on Project Economics in Australia
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Dioxide Flooding Feasibility of Well Groups in Ultra-deep High Temperature, High Pressure and High Salt Reservoirs - An Example from the Donghe 6 Block of Tarim Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Characteristics of the Block
	3 Production Performance of Well Groups in the Block
		3.1 Status of Reservoir Development
		3.2 Basic Information of Well Group
	4 Feasibility Study of Carbon Dioxide Flooding
		4.1 Design Ideas
		4.2 Design of Injection-Production Parameters
		4.3 Prediction of Gas Injection Effect
		4.4 Dynamic Monitoring
		4.5 Precautions and Risk Warnings
	5 Conclusion
	References
International Oil Company CCUS Business and Technology Models
	1 Global CCS/CCUS Development and International Oil Companies’ Status
	2 International Oil Company CCS/CCUS Business and Technology Development Model
		2.1 International Oil Companies Explore CCS/CCUS Business Mainly by Direct Investment and Supplemented by Merge and Acquisition(M&A)
		2.2 International Oil Companies Prefer to Layout CCS/CCUS Projects in Countries with Policy Support, Such as Europe, America and Asia Pacific
		2.3 International Oil Companies’ CCS/CCUS Business is Inclining in Open-Source Carbon Source
		2.4 International Oil Companies Prefer Hub or Industry Cluster-Based CCS/CCUS Projects
		2.5 International Oil Company Makes Full Use of “External Brain” to Develop and Acquire CCS/CCUS Technology
	3 Insights and Suggestions for Chinese Oil Companies to Develop CCS/CCUS
	4 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Trading Pricing Mechanism and Its Impact on the Energy Industry
	1 Carbon Pricing Mechanism Stems from Internalizing Negative Externality
	2 Carbon Emission Trading Mechanism and Carbon Credit Mechanism
		2.1 Carbon Emission Trading Mechanism
		2.2 Carbon Credit Mechanism
		2.3 Classification of Carbon Trading Market
	3 The Development Process of Carbon Emission Trading Mechanism
		3.1 Global Carbon Emissions Trading Market
		3.2 China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Market
		3.3 Current Issues in Carbon Emissions Trading
	4 The Pricing Mechanism of the Carbon Trading Market
		4.1 Primary Market Pricing for Carbon Emission Trading
		4.2 Secondary Market Pricing for Carbon Emission Trading
		4.3 Determination and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Trading Prices
	5 The Impact of Carbon Trading Pricing Mechanism on the Energy Industry
		5.1 The Scope of Influence of the Current Carbon Pricing Mechanism is Still Relatively Limited
		5.2 Carbon Trading Will Create New Profit Growth Points for Oil and Gas Enterprises
		5.3 Carbon Trading Price Risk Management is the Key to Addressing Transformation
	References
Current Status and Enlightenment of Overseas Oil and Gas Upstream Carbon Emission Accounting System
	1 Introduction
	2 International Carbon Emission Accounting System
		2.1 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
		2.2 GHG Protocol
		2.3 ISO14064 Series
		2.4 SASB Standards
		2.5 Carbon Emission Accounting System in the Petroleum Industry
		2.6 China\'s Oil and Gas Production Enterprises Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting Methods and Reporting Guidelines
	3 Practices of International Oil and Gas Companies
		3.1 Bp
		3.2 Shell
		3.3 Chevron
		3.4 ExxonMobil
	4 Practices of China’s Domestic Oil and Gas Companies
		4.1 CNPC
		4.2 Sinopec
		4.3 Cnooc
	5 Carbon Emission Accounting Status of Overseas Oil and Gas Projects
		5.1 Multi-system Integration to Form an Accounting Method
		5.2 The Accounting of Scopes 1 and 2 Are Relatively Mature and Certain, While the Accounting of Scope 3 Reveals a Huge Difference
		5.3 Shareholders’ and the Community’s Concerns Promote the Continuous Improvement of Carbon Accounting Disclosure
	6 Revelations and Suggestions
		6.1 Attach Great Importance to the Construction of a Carbon Emission System
		6.2 Strengthen the Acquisition and Testing of Basic Data
		6.3 Strengthen the Linkage of the Whole Industrial Chain
		6.4 Establish a Green and Low-Carbon Corporate Image
	7 Conclusion
	References
A New Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Tight Oil Reservoirs: CO2/Low Interfacial Tension Viscoelastic Fluid Co-flooding
	1 Introduction
	2 The Experiment Part
		2.1 A. Materials and Instruments
		2.2 Experimental Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Construction of Viscoelastic Fluid (GOMT)
		3.2 GOMT Wettability
		3.3 GOMT Resistance to Mineralized Water
		3.4 Emulsifying Properties of GOMT
		3.5 Study on CO2-GOMT Cooperative Oil Displacement Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Practice and Prospect of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage Drilling and Completion Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Problems of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage
	3 Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage
	4 Key Technologies of Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage
		4.1 Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage Fast Drilling Process
		4.2 Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage Drilling and Completion Technology
		4.3 Wellbore Integrity Assessment
		4.4 Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage Leakage Monitoring Technology
	5 Technology Prospect
	6 Conclusion
	References
Static Performance Evaluation of the Sealing System and Its Sealing Effect in CO2 Flooding
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Materials and Methods
		2.1 Experimental Materials
		2.2 Response Thickening Fluid Performance Test
		2.3 Acid Foam Resistance Test
		2.4 Displacement Experiment of the Sealing System
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Static Performance Evaluation of CO2 Response Thickening Fluid
		3.2 Test and Evaluation of Acid Resistance of CO2 Foam
		3.3 CO2 Conformance Control Performance of Sealing System
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis and Prospect of Key Technologies for CCUS Coupling Hydrogen Production
	1 Introduction
	2 CCUS Key Technology
	3 Key Technologies of Hydrogen Energy Preparation
		3.1 Hydrogen Production from Fossil Energy
		3.2 Hydrogen Production from Industrial By-Product Gas
		3.3 Hydrogen Production by Pyrolysis at High Temperature
		3.4 Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis of Water
	4 Analysis of Key Technologies for Coupled CCUS Low Carbon Hydrogen Production
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Mechanical Properties of Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Sichuan Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Samples, Equipment, and Methods
		2.1 Experimental Samples
		2.2 Experimental Equipment
		2.3 Experimental Method
	3 Experimental Results Analysis
		3.1 Triaxial Compression Test Results Analysis
		3.2 Analysis of Rock Morphology Experimental Results
		3.3 Whole Rock Experimental Results Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Law and Influencing Factors of CO2 Reinjection and Storage in Saline Aquifer
	1 Introduction
	2 Establishment of Numerical Simulation Model for CO2 Reinjection and Storage in Saline Aquifer
		2.1 Geological Model
		2.2 Kinetic Model of CO2-Saline-Rock Reaction
	3 Study on CO2 Reinjection and Storage in Saline Aquifer
		3.1 Analysis of Storage Law
		3.2 Changes of CO2 Storage Under Different Storage Mechanisms
		3.3 Effect of Injection Rate on CO2 Reinjection and Storage in Saline Aquifer
		3.4 Effect of Injection Well Location on CO2 Reinjection and Storage in Saline Aquifer
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Influencing Factors of Pre-CO2 Blowback After Pressure
	1 The Correlation Analysis Between the Influencing Factors and the Flowback Rate Based on Fuzzy Set Theory
	2 The Numerical Model of Shale Oil Pre-Co2 Fracturing Backflow is Established
		2.1 Numerical Model Mechanism of Shale Oil Pre-Co2 Fracturing Backflow
		2.2 The Numerical Model of Shale Oil Pre-Co2 Fracturing Backflow is Established
	3 Characteristics of Pre-Co2 Fracturing Process
	4 Experimental Device and Process
	5 Study on Main Controlling Factors of Carbon Dioxide Backflow in Pre-fracturing
		5.1 Differential Back Discharge Pressure
		5.2 The Amount of Carbon Dioxide Injected
		5.3 Time to Muffle
	6 Conclusion
	References
Safety Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Injection in AN Oilfield Casing Damage Repair Wells
	1 Introduction
	2 Establishment of Safety Assessment Method for Casing Damage Repair Well Injection Conversion
		2.1 Mechanical Analysis and Evaluation of Residual Strength of Pipe Columns
		2.2 Analysis of Sealing Capability of Cement Ring
		2.3 Safety Evaluation of Sealing After Repairing Casing Damage
	3 Safety Assessment of Casing Damage Repair Well Injection Conversion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Safety and Thermal Analysis of CO2 Injection Pipeline During Electromagnetic Induction Heating
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Experiment Setup of Heating Process
		2.2 Thermal Analysis for Steady State Heating
		2.3 Transient Numerical Study
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Experiment Results
		3.2 Numerical Predictions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Gas Storage Facility Construction and Operation Management
Research on Dynamic Evaluation Technology of Multi-period Injection-Production Technology in Gas Storage
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluation of Geology and Injection Production Characteristics of Gas Storage
	3 Research on Injection and Production Technology of Gas Storage
		3.1 Analysis of Injection and Production Construction of Salt Cavern Gas Storage
		3.2 Dynamic Operation Analysis of Injection Production Process
	4 Intelligent Gas Storage Multi Cycle Injection Production Process Evaluation System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Heat Leakage Analysis of Main Structure of Large Full-Scale LNG Storage Tank
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of the Main Structure of the Large Full-Scale LNG Storage Tank
	3 Calculation Method of Equivalent Wall Thickness Heat Conduction
		3.1 Calculation of Heat Leakage at Tank Bottom
		3.2 Calculation of Heat Leakage from the Tank Wall
		3.3 Calculation of Heat Leakage at Tank Roof
	4 Comparison of LNG Storage Tank Models
		4.1 Comparison of Models Considering the Effects of Conduction, Convection and Radiation
		4.2 Comparison of Finite Element Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Rapid Evaluation System for Rock Slope Stability Based on the CSMR System
	1 Introduction
	2 CSMR Method Introduction
	3 CSMR Method to Simplify the Process
		3.1 Simplification of Indicators
		3.2 J-CSMR Method
	4 Application Analysis of J-CSMR Method
		4.1 Project Overview
		4.2 Calculate CSMR Value
		4.3 Calculation of J - CSMR Values
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Gas Drive Front Distribution of Storage in Oil Fields Based on Field Test Monitoring Inversion
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area Profile
	3 Gas Injection Front Monitoring Design
	4 Monitoring Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Exploration of Dynamic Analysis Technology to Oil-Type Underground Gas Storage - A Case Study of NanPu No.1 Gas Storage
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
	3 Content of Dynamic Analysis of Reservoir-Type Gas Storage
		3.1 Evaluation of Gas Drive Effect
		3.2 Analysis of Injection and Recovery Capacity
		3.3 Analysis of Reservoir Capacity Utilization Characteristics
		3.4 Analysis of Factors Influencing the Operation of Injection and Extraction
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prediction of Staged Gas Injection and Production Capacity for Underground Gas Storage in Offshore Water Injection Reservoirs - A Case Study of NanPu No.1 Gas Storage
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Investigation
		1.2 Characteristics of the Study Area
	2 Establishment of Productivity Equation
		2.1 Mathematical Model
		2.2 Gas Phase Effective Permeability Calculation
	3 Evaluation of Injection-Production Capacity Under Multi-Stage and Multi-Factor Coupling
		3.1 Evaluation of Critical Sanding Pressure Difference
		3.2 Evaluation of Gas Injection and Production Capacity of Directional Wells
		3.3 Horizontal Well Gas Injection and Production Capacity Evaluation
	4 Application Example
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Gas Injection Capacity of Gas Injection Wells in Reservoir-Type Gas Storage
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluation of Gas Injection Capacity of Reservoir-Type Gas Storage
		2.1 Derivation of Gas Injection Capacity Equation for Gas Injection Wells in Reservoir-Type Gas Storage
		2.2 Definition of Inspiratory Index of Reservoir-Type Gas Storage
		2.3 Theoretical Calculation of Gas Injection Capacity of Reservoir-Type Gas Storage
	3 Gas Injection Capability Verification
		3.1 Verification of Nitrogen Test Injection
		3.2 Verification of Natural Gas Actual Injection
		3.3 Summary
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fault Dynamic Stability Evaluation and Application Based on Slip Trend and Expansion Trend
	1 Introduction
	2 Faults Quantitative Analysis of 1M1 Underground Gas Storage
	3 Present Stress State
	4 Stability Evaluation of Fault Slip Trend
	5 Stability Evaluation of Fault Expansion Trend
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fine Anatomy of Reservoir Structure and Evaluation of Gas Storage Space in Deepwater Sublacustrine Fan Sandstone Reservoir—Take Jidong PG2 Gas Storage as an Example
	1 Introduction
	2 Structural Types and Genesis of Deep Water Sublacustrine Fan Sedimentary Reservoirs
		2.1 Depositional Background
		2.2 Reservoir Structure Types
		2.3 Reservoir Structure Characteristics
	3 Reservoir Space Evaluation
		3.1 Interlayer Feature
		3.2 Interwell Prediction
		3.3 Three-Dimensional Characterization of Reservoir
	4 Evaluation of Gas Storage Space
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Capacity and Influencing Factors of Underground Gas Storage Transformed from Oil Reservoirs
	1 Research Status [1]
		1.1 Gas Injection Displacement Status
		1.2 Status of Collaborative Reservoir Construction
	2 Analysis of Influencing Factors of Reservoir Capacity
		2.1 Design of Simulation Experiment Scheme
		2.2 Simulation Experiment Methods
		2.3 Analysis of Experimental Test Results
	3 Conclusions and Suggestions
	References
Exploration of Gas Reservoir Modeling Technology and Its Application in Sulige Gas Field: A Case of Sudong-X Reservoir
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Geological Characteristics of Gas Reservoirs
		2.1 Well Area Overview
		2.2 Reservoir Structure Characteristics
		2.3 Reservoir Spreading Characteristics
	3 Three-Dimensional Geological Modeling
		3.1 Grid System
		3.2 Tectonic Model
		3.3 Petrographic Model
		3.4 Attribute Model
	4 Geological Model Validation and Application
		4.1 Reserve Calculation
		4.2 Historical Matching
		4.3 Model Application
	5 Conclusions
	References
Study on Expansion Mechanism and Displacement Efficiency of Reservoir Gas Storage
	1 Reservoir Type Gas Storage Capacity Expansion Mechanism
		1.1 Differential Pressure Driven Capacity Expansion Mechanism
		1.2 Oil Production Capacity Expansion Mechanism
		1.3 Dissolved Gas Driven Capacity Expansion Mechanism
		1.4 Expansion Mechanism of Rock Elastic Drive
		1.5 Expansion Mechanism Driven by Gas Cap Pressure
		1.6 Expansion Mechanism of Liquid Column Driven by Gravity
		1.7 Mechanism of Dissolved Gas Viscosity Reduction and Capacity Expansion
		1.8 Gas Molecular Displacement Dilatation Mechanism
		1.9 Oil and Gas Miscible Expansion Mechanism
		1.10 Mechanism of Gravity Expansion of Gas Column
	2 Efficiency of Reservoir Gas Storage Expansion
		2.1 Design of Full Simulation Experiment Scheme
		2.2 Full Simulation Experiment Test Method
		2.3 Test Results of Full Simulation Experiment
	3 Result Verification
	4 Conclusions and Suggestions
	References
Forecast of Future Natural Gas Market Demand in China and Analysis of the Situation of Gas Storage Capacity Construction
	1 Prediction of Natural Gas Market Demand
		1.1 Development Status
		1.2 Demand Forecast
	2 Analysis of the Situation and Scale Prediction of Gas Storage Capacity Construction
		2.1 Current Situation of Gas Storage Capacity Construction
		2.2 Prediction of Gas Storage Capacity Scale
		2.3 Layout Thinking
	3 Conclusion
	References
Geological Feasibility and Operating Index Design of Volatile Oil Reservoir into Underground Gas Storage: Case Study of M Block in Jidong Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Characteristics
	3 Geological Feasibility Evaluation of Reconstructed Gas Storage Reservoir
		3.1 Sealing of Traps
		3.2 Reservoir Characteristics
		3.3 Internal Connectivity of Reservoirs
		3.4 Temperature and Pressure Systems and Fluid Properties
		3.5 Reservoir Development Features
	4 Design of Operational Indicators for UGS
		4.1 Upper Limit Pressure and Storage Capacity
		4.2 Gas Production and Peak Shaving Mode
		4.3 Lower Limit Pressure and Working Gas Volume
	5 Deployment and Operation Plan Design of Injection and Production Wells
		5.1 Evaluation of Gas Well Production Capacity
		5.2 Deployment of Collaborative Type UGS Injection Production Well Network
		5.3 Design of UGS Injection and Production Operation Plan
	6 Conclusion
	References
Scheme Design of Rebuilding Gas-Cap Sandstone Reservoirs into Underground Gas Storage
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Aspects
	3 Gas-Cap Sandstone Reservoir Reconstruction Scheme Design
		3.1 Evaluation of Geological Sealing Property
		3.2 Storage Capacity Parameter Design
		3.3 Design of Gas Drive and Drainage Operation Scheme in Reservoir Reconstruction Gas Storage
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of Multi-Cycle Injection-Production of Sizhan Gas Storage
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Sizhan Gas Storage
	3 Performance Evaluation of Multi-Cycle Injection-Production of Sizhan Gas Storage
		3.1 Overview of Multi-Cycle Injection and Production
		3.2 Connectivity Analysis
		3.3 Water Invasion Dynamic Analysis
		3.4 Injection and Production Capacity Analysis
		3.5 Multi - cycle Inventory and Capacity
		3.6 Effective Inventory and Utilization Rate of Inventory
		3.7 Peak Regulation Ability and Working Gas Capacity Ratio
	4 Conclusions
	References
Author Index