Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023: Volume 1 (Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering)

Contents
Basic Geological Theory of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development
Hydrocarbon Accumulation Pattern and Main Control Factor Analysis of Sandstone Reservoirs in the Kungurian Stage Salt Domes of K Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Feature
	3 Forming Mechanism of Sandstones Inside the Salt Dome
	4 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Pattern
		4.1 Analysis of Accumulation Conditions
		4.2 Analysis of Accumulation Model and Key Determining Factors
		4.3 Verification of Accumulation Mode
	5 Conclusions
	References
Microscopic Distribution Characteristics of Movable Fluid and Formation Mechanism in Fuyu Tight Reservoir in S Basin
	1 Geological Survey in the Study Area
	2 Experimental Samples and Methods
		2.1 Experimental Samples
		2.2 Experimental Methods
	3 Analysis of Experimental Results
		3.1 Reservoir Petrological Characteristics
		3.2 Characteristics of Reservoir Pore Structure
		3.3 Reservoir Aperture Distribution Characteristics
	4 Genetic Mechanism of Movable Fluid in Reservoir
		4.1 Influence of Physical Properties
		4.2 Influence of Pore Structure
		4.3 Influence of Diagenesis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research and Application of Complex Lithologic Fracturing Technology for Deep Well in High Temperature Gas Reservoir
	1 Introduction
	2 The Reservoir Evaluation
		2.1 The Analysis of Rock and Clay Composition
		2.2 Permeability
		2.3 Natural Fracture
		2.4 Lithomechanics
	3 The Main Difficulties and Ideas of Fracturing Technology
		3.1 The Main Fracturing Difficulties
		3.2 The Ideas of Fracturing Technology
		3.3 High Viscosity Gelling Acid
	4 Weighted Fracturing Fluid
		4.1 Optimization of Crosslinking Agents
		4.2 Optimization of Fracturing Formulas
		4.3 Breaking
	5 Reducing Fracturing Pressure
	6 The Technology of Multiple Temporary Plugging
	7 Field Application
	8 Conclusion
	References
Marine–Continental “Source-Sink” Depositional Systems and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Termit Basin, Niger
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Electrofacies and Seismic Attribute Analysis
		3.1 Logging Facies of Paleogene Sokor 1 Formation
		3.2 Logging Facies of Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation
		3.3 Seismic Attribute Characteristics
	4 Two “Source-Sink” Depositional Models
		4.1 Late Cretaceous “Fluctuated Falling Sea Level Source-Sink Depositional Model”
		4.2 Paleogene “Fluctuated Rising Lacustrine Level Source-Sink Depositional Model”
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Palaeoenvironment of Late Cretaceous
		5.2 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Elements
		5.3 Favorable Prospecting Area
	6 Conclusions
	References
Accumulation and Enrichment Model of Coal Series Gas in the Z Block on the Eastern Margin of the Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Characteristics
	3 Characteristics of Coal-Bed Gas Generation, Reservoir and Cap Rocks
		3.1 Features of Coal-Bed Gas Source Rocks
		3.2 Characteristics of Coal-Bed Gas Reservoir
		3.3 Conditions of Cap Rocks for Coal-Bed Gas
	4 Analysis of Factors Enriching Coalbed Gas
		4.1 Structure
		4.2 Zijinshan Volcanic Activity
	5 Coalbed Gas Reservoir Formation Model 
	6 Conclusion 
	References
Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mode of the Ahnet Basin, North Africa
	1 Sequence Stratigraphic Framework
		1.1 Sequence Stratigraphic Framework
		1.2 Source Rock Facies, Quality and Distribution
		1.3 Reservoir Seal Facies and Quality
		1.4 Reservoir Facies and Quality
	2 Petroleum System
		2.1 Petroleum System
		2.2 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Modes
	3 Conclusions
	References
Research on Bottom Water Coning Law of Jurassic Reservoir–Based on Kv/Kh Value Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Distribution Characteristics of Kv/Kh in Jurassic Oil Reservoirs
	3 The Influence of Kv/Kh on the Bottom Water Coning Law
		3.1 Reservoir Engineering Research
		3.2 Numerical Simulation Research
		3.3 The Effect of Reservoir Partition on Bottom Water Coning
	4 Reasonable Technical Policies for Bottom Water Reservoirs
		4.1 Optimal Perforation Degree
		4.2 Reasonable Liquid Extraction Intensity
	5 Conclusion
	References
Carbonate Sedimentary Facies and Sedimentary Model of the Sadi Formation in W Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional geological background
	3 Paleogeomorphic features
	4 Sedimentary Facies Characteristics
		4.1 Petrology characteristics
		4.2 Logging facies characteristics
		4.3 Seismic facies characteristics
		4.4 Identification marks of sedimentary microfacies
		4.5 Plane features of sedimentary facies
	5 Sedimentary facies model
	6 Conclusion
	References
Tectonic Sedimentary Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Sirte Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Tectonic Evolution
		2.1 Basement Formation
		2.2 Pre-rift Unit
		2.3 Early Syn-Rift Unit
		2.4 Late Syn-Rift Unit
		2.5 Post-rift Sag Unit
	3 Petroleum Systems and Hydrocarbon Distribution
		3.1 Source Rocks
		3.2 Reservoirs
		3.3 Seals
		3.4 Petroleum Systems
	4 Key Elements of this Petroleum Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
Tectonic Evolution and Sedimentary Filling of the Andean Foreland Basin in South America
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Background
	3 Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Segmentation of Tectonic Domain
		4.2 Tectonic Evolution and Sedimentary Filling of Typical Basins
		4.3 Sedimentary Filling Patterns and Depozone Characteristics
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Geochemical Characteristics and Oil Source Correlation of Chang 8 Crude Oil in Huanxi Area, Ordos Basin
	1 Geological Overview
	2 Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Chang-8 Crude Oil
	3 Comparison of Crude Oil and Source Rocks
	4 Exploration Significance
	5 Conclusion and Understanding
	References
Characteristics and Mechanism of Formation of Dolomite Reservoirs in the Eastern Margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Characteristics of Dolomite Reservoirs
		3.1 Types of Dolomite Rocks
		3.2 Characteristics of Dolomite Reservoirs
	4 Mechanism and Mode of Dolomitization
	5 Distributions of Dolomite Rocks
	6 Conclusions
	References
Ordovician Lithostratigraphic Sequence and Sedimentary Evolution in the Middle Section of the Western Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Tectonic Background
	3 Lithostratigraphic Sequence
		3.1 Sandaokan Formation (O1s)
		3.2 Zhuozishan Formation (O1z)
		3.3 Kelimoli Formation (O1k)
		3.4 Wulalike Formation (O2w)
		3.5 Lashizhong Formation (O2l)
	4 Sedimentary Evolution
		4.1 Carbonate Platform
		4.2 Foreslope of Carbonate Platform
		4.3 Abyssal Plain
		4.4 Low Density Turbidity Current
	5 Accumulation Conditions Based on Sedimentary Facies Sequence Combination
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fracturing Model Experiment of Fengxi Tight Oil Reservoir
	1 Introduction
	2 Frac Model Experiment
	3 Experimental Results and Analysis
		3.1 Influence of Horizontal Stress Difference
		3.2 Displacement Effect
		3.3 Influence of Fracturing Fluid Viscosity
		3.4 Lithology Influence
	4 Experimental Understanding
	5 Conclusion
	References
Element Geochemical Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks and Its Geological Significance from the Upper Permian Linxi Formation in the Songliao Basin
	1 Regional Geological Overview and Profile of Drilling Forest West Formation
	2 Sample Processing and Analysis
	3 Geochemical Characteristics of Sedimentary Rock Elements
		3.1 Trace Element Composition Characteristics
		3.2 Composition Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements and Their Distribution Patterns
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Paleoclimate
		4.2 Paleosalinity
		4.3 Redox Conditions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hydrocarbon Phase Prediction of Ultra-Deep Zheng 10 Well in Central Junggar Basin, NW China
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Survey of No.1 Zheng 10 Well
	3 Fluid Composition and Phase Characteristics of Well Zheng 10
		3.1 Recovery of Underground Fluid Components
		3.2 Fluid Phase Prediction of Well Zheng 10
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Quartz Overgrowth on Sandstone Densification: Typical Example from the Shanxi Formation in the Zhidan Exploration Area, Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Experimental Samples and Methods
	4 Characteristics of Tight Sandstone
		4.1 Petrological Characteristics
		4.2 Reservoir Accumulation Space Type
		4.3 Physical Properties of Tight Sandstone
	5 Characteristics of the Quartz Overgrowth Edge in Tight Sandstone
		5.1 Increase the Width of the Edge
		5.2 Inclusions Types of Quartz Overgrowth Edge
	6 Homogenization Temperature of Inclusions
		6.1 The Quartz Overgrowth Edge of Stage I
		6.2 The Quartz Overgrowth Edge of Stage II and Above Stage III
		6.3 Formation Time of Quartz Overgrowth Edge
	7 Development Process of Sandstone Densification
	8 Conclusions
	References
A Comprehensive Well Productivity Evaluation Approach and Sensitivity Analysis for a HPHT Ultra-deep Water Gas Reservoir
	1 Introduction
	2 Study on Simplified Forms of Pseudo-pressure Equation
		2.1 Definition Equation
		2.2 Simplified Equations
	3 Evaluation Approach
		3.1 Case Description
		3.2 Open Flow Rate Evaluation
	4 Sensitive Analysis
		4.1 Condensate Oil Conversion Study
		4.2 Extrapolated Pressure Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sedimentary Facies and Reservoir Characteristics Analysis of the Permian Pingdiquan Formation in the Huoshaoshan Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Sedimentary Reservoir Characteristics
		3.1 Sedimentary Features
		3.2 Reservoir Characteristics
	4 The Main Factors Controlling the Reservoir Quality
		4.1 Effect of Sedimentary Microfacies Distribution on Reservoir Quality
		4.2 Effect of Diagenesis on Reservoir Quality
	5 Conclusion
	References
Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Strike-Slip Fault System in Eastern Doseo Basin, Chad
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Stratigraphy
	4 Structural Characteristics of the Strike-Slip Fault System
		4.1 Fault Distribution Characteristics
		4.2 Structural Styles of the Strike-Slip Fault System
		4.3 Analysis of Typical Strike-Slip Faults
	5 Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Strike-Slip Fault System in Eastern Doseo Basin
		5.1 Berriasian-Barremian Rifting Period (Mangara Sedimentary Period)
		5.2 Aptian-Albian Dextral Transtension Period (Kedeni-Koumra Sedimentary Period)
		5.3 Cenomanian-Coniacian Thermal Subsidence Period (K2a Sedimentary Period)
		5.4 Santonian Compression Period (End of K2a Sedimentary Period)
		5.5 Eocene Dextral Transpression Period (End of K2b Sedimentary Period)
	6 Conclusion
	References
Geological Characteristics Analysis of the Taiyuan Limestone Gas Reservoir in Zizhou-Qingjian Area, Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Background
	3 Geological Characteristics Analysis of the Reservoir
		3.1 Hydrocarbon Supply
		3.2 Reservoirs Development
		3.3 Principal Stress
		3.4 Micro Structures
		3.5 Mudstone Sealing
	4 Exploration Potential Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Reunderstanding and Potential Exploration Effect of Yangta 5 Reservoir
	1 Regional Overview
	2 Reservoir Profile
	3 Re-understanding of Reservoir
		3.1 Re-Understanding of Stratigraphic Framework
		3.2 Reunderstanding of Small Bed Correlation
		3.3 Seismic Inversion of the Interlayer
		3.4 Rerecognition of Reservoir Types
	4 Potential Exploitation Effect
	References
Study on Petroleum Accumulation of Carboniferous Carbonate in the Eastern Pre-Caspian Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Sedimentary System and Reservoir Characteristics
		3.1 Sedimentary System
		3.2 Reservoir Characteristics
	4 Favorable Accumulation Conditions and Accumulation Model
		4.1 Hydrocarbon Source Conditions
		4.2 Reservoir Conditions
		4.3 Cap Rock Conditions
		4.4 Source-Reservoir-Cap Rock Combination and Trap Conditions
	5 Accumulation Model
	6 Conclusions
	References
Relationship Between Igneous Rocks and Hydrocarbon Accumulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Exploration Status of Igneous Rock Reservoirs
	3 Effects on Hydrocarbon Accumulation
		3.1 Effects on Basin Formation
		3.2 Effects on Oil and Gas Generation
		3.3 Effects on Reservoir Development
		3.4 Effects on Sealing Conditions
		3.5 Effects on Trap Formation
		3.6 Effects on Oil and Gas Migration
		3.7 Effects on Reservoir Preservation
	4 Conclusions and Suggestions
	References
The Diagenetic Characteristics of Chang4+5 Formation in Southwest Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Characteristics of the Research Area
	3 Petrological Characteristics of Reservoir
		3.1 Characteristics of Reservoir Rock Skeleton Components
		3.2 Characteristics of Interstitial Filler
		3.3 Structural Characteristics of Reservoir Sandstone
	4 Relationship Between Diagenesis and Reservoir Development
		4.1 Diagenetic Types and Diagenetic Evolutionary Sequences
		4.2 Relationship Between Diagenetic Facies and Reservoir Development
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Sedimentary Types, Characteristics and Genesis of Carbonate Platform Tidal Channel in M Formation of a Oilfield in the Middle East
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Background
	3 Sedimentary Characteristics
		3.1 Sedimentary Characteristics of Intertidal Tidal Channel in Tidal Flat
		3.2 Sedimentary Characteristics of Inter-shoal Tidal Channel in Restricted Platform
		3.3 Sedimentary Characteristics of Incision Tidal Channel in Weakly Rimmed Platform
	4 Comprehensive Comparison of Characteristics
		4.1 Logging Response Characteristics
		4.2 Seismic Response Characteristics
		4.3 Physical Properties Characteristics
	5 Genesis Mechanism and Its Influence on Development
		5.1 Genesis Mechanism
		5.2 Impact on Water Injection Development
	6 Conclusion
	References
Sandstone Sedimentary Facies and Sedimentary Model of Zubair Formation in W Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Background
	3 Sedimentary Facies Characteristics
		3.1 Lithology Characteristics
		3.2 Types and Characteristics of Sedimentary Structures
		3.3 Logging Facies Characteristics
		3.4 Seismic Facies Characteristics
		3.5 Planar Sedimentary Facies Characteristics and Evolution Laws
	4 Sedimentary Facies Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Quantitative Identification and Application of Rock Types in Complex Carbonate Reservoirs in the Middle East
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Digital Image Processing Technology and Quantitative Reservoir Characterization
		3.1 Image Processing Methods and Processes
		3.2 Geological Petrophysical Facies Classification
	4 Reservoir Rock Type Identification Through Clustering Algorithm Based on Grid and Density
	5 Examples of Oilfield Applications
	6 Conclusion and Suggestion
	References
Study on Dynamic and Static Interpretation Method of Oil and Water Layers in L Oilfield
	1 Perface
	2 Statistical logging response characteristics of typical wells
	3 Construct a Composite Parameter and Create a New Chart
		3.1 Oil index C
		3.2 Establishment of Oil-Water Identification Chart
	4 A New Method of Oil Ane Water Layers Interpretation for Single Well-Dynamic and Static Comprehensive Analysis
		4.1 Compare the Upper and Lower Layers of the Well, Combined with Dynamic and Static Data
		4.2 Comparison of Adjacent Wells in the Same Layer, Combined with Dynamic and Static Data
		4.3 Combining Dynamic and Static Data to Correct the Water-Flooded Degree of Infilled Wells
		4.4 Comprehensive Analysis Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Structural and Sedimentary Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions of Carbonate Rocks in the Southeastern Margin Slope Belt of the Pre-caspian Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Background
	3 Characteristics of Structural and Sedimentary Evolution
		3.1 Active Continental Margin Stage
		3.2 Peripheral Foreland Basin Stage
		3.3 Intra-Continental Depression Stage
	4 Structural Zone Division
	5 Establishment of Sequence Stratigraphic Framework
	6 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions
		6.1 Development of the East Gentle Slope Structural Belt and Local Low-Amplitude Structure Provide Favorable Structural Conditions for Hydrocarbon Accumulation
		6.2 The Continuously and Widely Distributed Intra-Platform Shoal Provides the Favorable Facies Conditions for Oil and Gas Enrichment
		6.3 Porous Thin Reservoir in the Effective Beach Facies is the Main Reservoir Type for Oil and Gas Charging and Enrichment
		6.4 The East Gentle Slope Accumulation Belt is Formed by Structural-Lithologic Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Far-Source and Long-Distance Compound Transport and Reservoir Controlling by Physical Properties Barrier of Local Structural Superimposed Beach Body
	7 Exploration Results
	References
Recognition of the Types of Buried Hill Gas Reservoirs in Yangshuiwu and Its Significance
	1 Rerecognition of Gas Reservoir Types
		1.1 Produced Water Analysis
		1.2 Hydrocarbon Property Analysis
		1.3 Formation Pressure Coefficient Analysis
		1.4 Reservoir Characteristics
		1.5 Gas Reservoir Type
	2 Significance of Exploration and Development
	3 Conclusion
	References
New Geochemical Evidence for the Origin of Dolomites in the Second Member of the Lower Permian Maokou Formation in the Hechuan-Tongnan Area
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Outline
		2.1 Petrological Characteristics
		2.2 Reservoir Space Characteristics
	3 Samples and Analytical Methods
	4 Geochemical Characteristics
		4.1 Laser in Situ U-Pb Isotope Ages
		4.2 Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotopes
		4.3 Rare Earth Elements
	5 Discussion on the Origin of Dolomite
		5.1 Formation of Matrix Dolomite
		5.2 Formation of Saddle Dolomite
		5.3 Effect of Dolomite Formation on Reservoir
	6 Conclusion
	References
Geochemical Characteristics and Paleoenvironmental Significance of Limestone-Marl Alternations: An Example from the First Member of Maokou Formation in Central Sichuan Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Background
	3 Lithological Characteristics
	4 Elemental Geochemical Characteristics
		4.1 Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes
		4.2 Major Elements
		4.3 Trace Elements
		4.4 Rare Earth Elements
	5 Paleoenvironmental Significance
		5.1 Analysis of Data Validity
		5.2 Palaeoenvironment
	6 Conclusions
	References
Geological Conditions of Natural Gas Accumulation in Ordovician of Lower Paleozoic in Western Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Tectono-sedimentary Evolution
		2.1 Tectonic Background
		2.2 Stratigraphic Characteristics
		2.3 Sedimentary Evolution
	3 Geological Conditions of Natural Gas Accumulation
		3.1 Source Rocks
		3.2 Reservoirs
		3.3 Caprocks
	4 Accumulation Model
		4.1 Type of Self Generation and Storage in Source
		4.2 Type of Upper Generation and Lower Storage near Source
		4.3 Type of Upper Generation and Lower Storage far Source
	5 Example of Natural Gas Exploration
		5.1 Type of Self Generation and Storage in Source
		5.2 Natural Gas Detection Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Accumulation Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Tight Gas in the Upper Paleozoic in the Eastern Margin of Ordos Basin—A Case Study of Jiaxian Block, Shenmu Gas Field
	1 Overview of the Study Area
	2 Geological Conditions
		2.1 Sedimentary Characteristics
		2.2 Hydrocarbon Source Characteristics
		2.3 Reservoir Characteristics
		2.4 Cap Characteristics
	3 Characteristics of Tight Gas Accumulation
		3.1 Source-Storage Configuration Relationship
		3.2 Tight Gas Accumulation Characteristics
	4 Main Controlling Factors of Tight Gas Accumulation
		4.1 Main Controlling Factors of Interlayer Accumulation
		4.2 Main Controlling Factors of Accumulation in Layers
	5 Conclusion and Understanding
	References
Oil-Water Distribution Laws and Main Controlling Factors of FY Oil Layer in X Area, D Oilfield
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Overview
	3 Reservoir Type
		3.1 Fault Oil Reservoir
		3.2 Fault-Lithologic Oil and Gas Reservoir
	4 Oil Water Distribution Pattern
		4.1 Vertical Oil-Water Distribution Pattern
		4.2 Plane Oil-Water Distribution Pattern
	5 Main Controlling Factors for Oil and Gas Reservoir Formation
		5.1 Source and Migration Path of Oil and Gas
		5.2 Fracture
		5.3 Sedimentary Microfacies
	6 Conclusion
	References
Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Paleozoic Buried-Hill Reservoirs in the Talara Basin, Peru
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Setting
		2.1 Regional Structural Characteristics
		2.2 Regional Stratigraphic Characteristics
		2.3 Characteristics of Source-Reservoir-Seal Assemblages
	3 Lithologic Characteristics of Reservoirs
		3.1 Lithologic Characteristics of Reservoirs
		3.2 Petrophysical Properties of Reservoirs
	4 Types of Reservoirs
		4.1 Types of Reservoirs
		4.2 Thin-Section Analysis
		4.3 Analysis of Image Logs
		4.4 Establishment of the Relationship Between Porosity and Permeability
	5 Factors Controlling the Development of Fractures in Reservoirs
		5.1 Relationship Between the Filling of Fractures in Quartzite and the Thickness and Purity of Quartzite
		5.2 Transformation of Fractures in Quartzite by Paleo-Tectonic Stresses
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Main Control Factors of Mesozoic Volcanic Reservoir in Well Block 4 of K Oilfield in Laizhou Bay Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
	1 Preface
	2 Geological Overview
	3 Characteristics of Mesozoic Reservoir
		3.1 Lithology and Lithofacies Characteristics
		3.2 Storage Space Characteristics
		3.3 Diagenesis
	4 Main Control Factors
		4.1 Lithology and Lithofacies
		4.2 Corrosion
		4.3 Stratigraphic Unit Reservoir Mode
	5 Conclusion
	References
Structural Evolution and Reservoir Control Characteristics of Sichuan Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Characteristics
	3 Study on Tectonic Evolution Characteristics of Basins
		3.1 Characteristics of Basin Tectonic Evolution
		3.2 Basin Mountain Coupling Mechanism
	4 Study on the Influence of Tectonic Evolution on the Characteristics of Continental Hydrocarbon Accumulation
		4.1 Study on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods
		4.2 Study on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Thief Zone Identification Method by Interwell Connectivity for Offshore Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoir
	1 Introduction
	2 Model and Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Sedimentary Characteristics and Their Relationship with Oil and Gas of Lacustrine Coastal Beach Bars of the TMSG Basin in Mongolia
	1 Introduction
	2 Modern Lacustrine Sedimentary Characteristics
		2.1 Overview of Modern Beier Lake Area
		2.2 Sedimentary Characteristics of Modern Beier Lake
	3 Sedimentary Characteristics of Ancient Lacustrine Facies
		3.1 Regional Geological Overview of the Ancient TMSG Basin
		3.2 Sedimentary Characteristics of TMSG Basin
	4 Relationship Between Lacustrine Shoreline Beach Bar Sedimentation and Oil and Gas
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Lithological Targets of Kedeni Fm in Lower Cretaceous of the Northern Structural Belt of the Doseo Depression
	1 Introduction
	2 Settings
	3 Sequence Stratigraphy and Distribution of the Depositional System
	4 Research on Controlling Factors of Sedimentary System Distribution and Prediction of Favorable Zones
		4.1 Provenance Systems
		4.2 Structural Features
		4.3 Prediction of Favorable Areas
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development Mechanism of Lacustrine High-quality Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of Nenjiang Formation in Northern of Songliao Basin
	1 Geological Overview
	2 Samplsedimentary Characteristics
	3 Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Source Rock in Nenjiang Formation
		3.1 Organic Matter Abundance
		3.2 Organic Matter Type
		3.3 Maturity of Organic Matter
	4 Development Environment of Source Rock
		4.1 Element Characteristics
		4.2 Characteristics of Biomarker Compounds
	5 High Productivity Model of High-quality Hydrocarbon Source Rocks
	6 Conclusion
	References
Early Cretaceous Volcanism and Its Control on Tectonic Framework in the Santos Basin, Offshore Brazil
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Background
	3 Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Stages/Cycles of Volcanism
		4.2 Distribution of Basalt
		4.3 Tectonic Framework and Division of Tectonic Units
	5 Conclusions
	References
Helium Accumulation and Uranium Deposit in the Chu-Sarysu Basin–A Symbiotic Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Background of Helium and Uranium Deposits’ Geology Introduction
	3 Nature of Helium Reservoir
	4 Helium Migration and Accumulation
		4.1 High-quality Rocks from Uranium Deposits as Helium Sources
		4.2 Interacting Hydrothermal Systems and Deep Faults
		4.3 Helium Release and Migration
	5 Mineralization of Water-Soluble Helium and Uranium
		5.1 Variation Law of Water Helium Halo
		5.2 Symbiotic Mechanism
		5.3 Comparison of Various Halos
	6 Conclusions
	References
Evolution Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion of Different Types of Organic Matter-Take Beier Sag in Hailaer Basin as Example
	1 Introduction
	2 Thermal Simulation Experiment of Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion
		2.1 Experimental Samples
		2.2 Experimental Instruments and Methods
		2.3 Product Collection, Quantification, and Analysis
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		3.1 Characteristics of Liquid Products
		3.2 Characteristics of Gaseous Products
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Formation Water Characteristics of Chang 6 Reservoir in WLW Area
	1 The Basic Situation of the Study Area
	2 The Chemical Characteristics of Formation Water
		2.1 The Ion Composition of Formation Water
		2.2 Formation Water Salinity
		2.3 The Water Type of Formation Water
		2.4 The Formation Water Chemical Characteristic Parameters
	3 Conclusions
	References
Petroleum Geological Characteristics and Exploration Prospects in the Colorado Basin, Argentina
	1 Introduction
	2 Tectonic and Depositional Characteristics of the Basin
	3 Petroleum Geological Characteristics
		3.1 Source Rocks
		3.2 Reservoirs
		3.3 Seals/Cap Rocks
		3.4 Traps
		3.5 Hydrocarbon Generation and Migration
	4 Favorable Exploration Targets
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sedimentary Responses to Subsalt Tectonic Evolution in the Southeastern Margin of the Precaspian Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Settings
		2.1 KT-I Formation
		2.2 MKT Formation
		2.3 KT-II Formation
		2.4 Visean
	3 Sequence Stratigraphic Division Schemes
	4 Stratigraphic Sequence Distribution
	5 Carbonate Sedimentary Facies
		5.1 Sedimentary Subfacies
		5.2 Plane Distribution of Sedimentary Facies
		5.3 Sedimentary Evolution Characteristics
	6 Conclusions
	References
Tectonic Styles and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Characteristics of Concealed Thrust Belt in Eastern Margin of Pre-Caspian Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Profiles
		2.1 Geotectonic Background
		2.2 Stratigraphic Characteristics
		2.3 Petroleum System
	3 Fault Characteristics and Tectonic Unit Division of the Eastern Margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin
		3.1 Typical Structural Style
		3.2 Main Fault Distribution and Tectonic Belt Division
		3.3 Structural Characteristics of Thrust Fold Belt
	4 Structural Evolution History of the Eastern Margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin
	5 Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Eastern Margin of the Pre-Caspian Basin
	6 Conclusions
	References
Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Northwestern Geologic Structure of the Madre de Dios Basin in Peru
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Setting
		2.1 Regional Structural Characteristics
		2.2 Regional Stratigraphic Characteristics
		2.3 Characteristics of the Source-Reservoir-Seal Assemblage
	3 Structural Characteristics
		3.1 Structural Characteristics
		3.2 Characteristics of Various Faults
		3.3 Characteristics of the Distribution of Tectonic Belts
	4 Tectonic Evolution
	5 Formation Mechanism of Fold-Thrust Belts
	6 Conclusion
	References
Source-to-Sink System Analysis of the Meishan Formation Turbidite Fans in the Northwest of the Central Depression of the Qiongdongnan Basin, Southern China Sea
	1 Introduction
	2 Regional Geological Outline
	3 Data and Methods
	4 Element Characteristics of Source-to-Sink System
		4.1 Sedimentary Texture and Particle Size
		4.2 Rock and Mineral Components
		4.3 Zircon Isotope
	5 Sand-Controlling Mechanism of Source-to-Sink System
		5.1 Tectonic Evolution
		5.2 Channel Development
	6 Conclusions
	References
Reservoirs Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Deep Buried Tight Sandstones: A Case Study of the 1th Member of the Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in Qingyang Gas Field, Southwestern Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting
	3 Reservoir Characteristics
		3.1 Reservoir Lithology
		3.2 Reservoir Pore Types
		3.3 Reservoir Physical Property
		3.4 Reservoir Diagenesis
	4 Reservoir Main Controlling Factors
		4.1 The Control of Sedimentation
		4.2 The Control of Diagenesis
		4.3 The Control of Tectonism
	5 Reservoir Comprehensive Evaluation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Application of Condensate Content Prediction for Shale Reservoir in Different Development Stage
	1 Introduction
	2 Key Parameters of Reservoir Evaluation and Basic Features for Shale Gas with Rich Condensate
		2.1 Basic Features of Shale Gas with Rich Condensate
		2.2 Key Parameters Evaluation for Shale Gas with Rich Condensate
	3 Quantitative Evaluation of Key Parameters for Shale Gas with Rich Condensate
		3.1 The Determination of Shale and Interlayer Distribution
		3.2 The Determination of Reservoir Quality and Distribution
		3.3 The Determination of CGR and It’s Distribution
		3.4 Favorable Area Prediction
	4 Conclusion
	References
Characteristics of Reservoir Fractures in Amu Darya Right Bank and the Significance in Petroleum Geology
	1 Introduction
	2 Geologic Aspects
	3 Fracture Development Characteristics
		3.1 Fracture Type
		3.2 Fracture Attitude and System Characteristics
	4 Fracture Stage and Filling Characteristics
	5 Fracture Development Control Factors
		5.1 Relationship Between Fracture and Fault
		5.2 Relationship Between Fracture and Tectonic Stress Field
		5.3 Relationship Between Fracture and Sedimentary Microfacies
	6 Significance of Fractures in Petroleum Geology
		6.1 Reservoir Improvement by Fractures
		6.2 Fractures as Oil-Gas Migration Pathways
		6.3 Water Body Communication by Fractures
	7 Conclusion
	References
Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Accumulation Model of Fuyang Oil Layer in the South of X Oilfield
	1 Geological Characteristics of Region
	2 Distribution Characteristics of Oil-Water and Types of Oil Reservoirs
		2.1 Distribution Characteristics of Oil and Water
		2.2 Reservoir Types
	3 Main Controlling Factors for Reservoir Formation
		3.1 Effective Source Rock Controls the Macro Distribution of Oil
		3.2 The Ancient Structures of the Late Mingshui Layer and Current Structures Have an Inducing Effect on the Oil Distribution
		3.3 Fault that Breaks Through T2 and Extends Upwards to Terminate in the Qingshankou Formation Controls Oil “Sweet Spot Area”
		3.4 Reservoir Characteristics Control Oil Layer Development
	4 Accumulation Mode
	References
Study on Natural Gas Sources and Accumulation Conditions of Sinian Dengying Formation in Hechuan-Tongnan Area, Sichuan Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Background
	3 Geochemical Characteristics and Source Identification of Natural Gas
		3.1 Composition and Carbon Isotope Characteristics of Natural Gas
		3.2 Identification of Natural Gas Origin and Source
	4 Study on Natural Gas Accumulation Conditions
		4.1 Conditions of Gas Source Rock
		4.2 Distribution Characteristics of High Quality Reservoir
		4.3 Fracture Development Condition
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on Microscopic Characteristics of Scaling Products of Chang 7 Shale Oil in Longdong Area of Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Sample Selection and Testing Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructural Characteristics of Scaling Products
		3.2 Main Component Characteristics of Scaling Products
		3.3 The Causes of Shale Oil Well Scaling
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Sedimentary Reservoir Characteristics and Development Practice of Chang 8 Oil Layer Middle Section of the Western Edge of the Ordos Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Depositional Environment
	3 Investigation of Regional Sedimentary Facies and Distribution Patterns of Sand Bodies
		3.1 Regional Provenance Analysis
		3.2 Sedimentary Facies Demarcate
		3.3 Types and Characteristics of Sedimentary Facies
	4 Research on the Characteristics of Reservoirs
		4.1 Researching the Petrological Characteristics of Reservoirs
		4.2 Reservoir Pore Characteristics
	5 Practical Application Based on Study of Sedimentary Reservoir Characteristics
		5.1 Detailed Development and Application of Layers Based on Multi-stage Braided Channel Plain Facies Deposition Characterization
		5.2 Optimization System of Key Parameters of Reservoir Reconstruction Based on Comprehensive Evaluation of Reservoir Characteristics
	6 Conclusion and Understanding
	References
Seismic Sequence Characteristics of Mangara Group in Doseo Basin, Chad
	1 Regional Geological Overview
	2 Sequence Stratigraphic Division of the Mangara Group
	3 Seismic Sequence Characteristics of Mangara Group in Doseo Basin
	4 Conclusion
	References
Geochemical and Geochronological Evidences of Neoproterozoic Tectonic Evolution in Tarim Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Setting and Sampling
	3 Analytical Methods
		3.1 Whole-Rock Analysis
		3.2 SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Dating
	4 Results
		4.1 Zircon U-Pb Age
		4.2 Whole-Rock Geochemical Characteristics
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Oil-Water Distribution Characteristics of Y Reservoir in Z Oilfield
	1 Preface
	2 Study on the Logging Response Characteristics of Oil and Water Layers
		2.1 Typical Oil Layer Characteristics
		2.2 Typical Oil-Water Layer Characteristics
		2.3 Typical Water Layer Characteristics
		2.4 Study on the Oil-Water Identification Chart
	3 Study on the Oil and Water Distribution Characteristics
		3.1 Oil and Water Distribution in a Single Well
		3.2 Plane Distribution of Oil and Water
		3.3 Longitudinal Distribution of Oil and Water
		3.4 Distribution Genesis
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Application of Production Well Testing Curve in ASP Flooding Tracking and Adjusting
	1 Introduction
	2 Classification of Oil Production Well Groups by Well Testing Curves and Geological and Development Characteristics of Different Types of Well Groups
		2.1 Theoretical Basis of Production Well Testing Curve for Track Adjustments and the Classification of Well Group Types
		2.2 Comparative Analysis of Geological Characteristics and Development Effects of Different Types of Well Groups
	3 Characteristics of Well Testing Curve Changes and Fluid Changes During the ASP Flooding Process of Different Types of Well Groups
		3.1 Characteristics of Fluid Changes During the ASP Flooding Process of Different Types of Well Groups
		3.2 Variation Characteristics of Well Testing Curves and Representative Development Dynamic Characteristics During the ASP Flooding Process of Different Types of Well Groups
	4 Main Control Factors and Tracking Adjustment Strategies for the Development Effect of Different Types of Well Testing Curve Wells
		4.1 Main Control Factors for the Development Effect of Different Types of Well Testing Curve Wells
		4.2 Adjustment Measures for Various Wells at Different Stages
		4.3 Using Well Testing Curves to Track and Adjust the Effectiveness of ASP Flooding
	5 Conclusion
	References
Type and Distribution of Carbonate Rock Interlayer and Its Influence on Gas-Water Systems Division-Case Study of the West Inner-Platform Gas Fields in the Amu Darya Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Overview of the Study Area
	3 Types and Causes of Interlayer
		3.1 Type of Interlayer and Logging Response Characteristics
		3.2 Pore Permeability Characteristics of Interlayer
		3.3 Sedimentary Origin of Interlayer
	4 The Distribution of Interlayer and Gas - Water Systems Division
		4.1 Interlayer Distribution
		4.2 Gas-Water Systems Divisions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Hydrocarbon System Simulation and Oil and Gas Resource Evaluation Based on Trinity Software -Taking Dongying Sag as an Example
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Settings
	3 Introduction to the Trinity Software
	4 Typical Study in the Dongying Sag
		4.1 Big Data Analysis Provides Comprehensive Understanding of Source Rock and Crude Oil Geochemical Characteristics
		4.2 Simulation of Flow Lines and Division of Transport Aggregation Units Under Geochemical Parameter Constraints
		4.3 Monte Carlo Analysis to Determine Hydrocarbon Resources Under Different Probabilities
	5 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Intraplatform Bank Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factor of Callovian-Oxflordian in Turkmenistan
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Regional Geological Background
	3 Reservoir Characteristics
		3.1 Granular Limestone is the Best Reservoir Lithology
		3.2 Primary Pores and Secondary Dissolved Pores Are Mainly Developed in Reservoir Space
		3.3 Physical Characteristics of the Reservoir
	4 Reservoir Distribution
		4.1 Features of Reservoir Section
		4.2 Planar Distribution Characteristics of the Reservoirs
	5 Evaluation of the Main Control Factors of the Reservoir
		5.1 Favorable Sedimentary Facies Tract is the Basis for the Development of High-Quality Reservoirs
		5.2 Paleo-Tectonic and Sea Level Changes Affect the Spatial Characteristics of the Intraplatform Bank Reservoir
		5.3 Dissolution is the Main Factor to Improve the Reservoir Storage Space
	6 Conclusion
	References
Characteristics and Exploration Potential of Petroleum Systems in M Basin, South Sudan
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Main Understandings
		3.1 Geological Characteristics of M Basin
		3.2 Elements of Petroleum System
		3.3 Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oils
		3.4 Oil-Oil and Oil- Source Correlation
		3.5 Classification and Evaluation of Petroleum Systems
		3.6 Conclusions
	References
Differential Oil Gravity Enrichment Mechanism of the J Reservoir in Oriente Basin and Favorable Area Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Characteristics of the J Reservoir
		2.1 Structural Characteristics of the J Reservoir
		2.2 Reservoir Characteristics
		2.3 API Gravity of Crude Oil
	3 Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oil
	4 Analysis of the Origin of Crude Oil
	5 Hydrocarbon Accumulation-Related Causes of Differences in the API Gravity of Crude Oil
	6 Prediction of Favorable Zones
	References
Division of the Diagenesis Stages of the Lower Permian Maokou Formation in Hechuan-Tongnan Area
	1 Geological Overview
	2 Diagenesis
		2.1 Stage I Calcite Filling
		2.2 Stage I Quasi Syngenetic Shallow Burial Dolomitization
		2.3 Stage II Middle Buried Dolomitization
		2.4 Asphalt Filling
		2.5 Dedolomitization
		2.6 Stage II Calcite Filling
		2.7 Stage III Middle Buried Dolomitization
	3 Division of Diagenesis Stages
		3.1 Syngenetic Stage
		3.2 Early Diagenetic Stage
		3.3 Middle Diagenetic Stage
	4 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Transfer Structure at Southern Steep Slope Belt and Its Control on the Petroleum Accumulation, S Depression in M Basin
	1 Background
	2 Characteristics of S Depression
	3 Growth Process and Transfer Structure of FS Fault
		3.1 Growth Process of FS Fault
		3.2 Characteristic of Transfer Structure
	4 Sand-Controlling Mode of Transfer Structure
	5 Prediction of Favorable Area for Lithological Reservoirs
	6 Conclusion
	References
Differences in Temperature and Pressure Evolution and Ordered Distribution Characteristics of Oil Reservoirs in Different Structural Zones of Small Fault Depressions: A Case Study of Beixi Area in Hailar Basin, China
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Background
	3 Characteristics of Temperature and Pressure Evolution in Accumulation
	4 Numerical Simulation of Oil and Gas Migration and Accumulation and Distribution Characteristics of Oil Reservoirs
	5 Conclusions
	References
Identification and Complex Non-structural Hydrocarbon Traps Using AVO-Analysis in the Hapchagai Megaval
	1 Application of Bayesian Neural Networks and AVO Technology to Identify Gas-Bearing Intervals
		1.1 Basic Process Sequence
		1.2 Testing the Bayesian Classification Technique Based on AVO Cross-Plots Within the Northern Vault of Western Siberia
		1.3 Identification of Complexly Constructed Non-Structural Traps by AVO and Bayesian Classification Technology in the Lower Triassic Deposits of the Khapchagai Megavalley in Eastern Siberia
	2 New Drilling Data
		2.1 Diagnostic Trends
		2.2 Maps of Probability
	3 Conclusion
	References
Methodological Basis for Estimating Prospects of Oil-And-Gas Bearing Capacity in Poorly Studied Territories
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	References
West Siberia Lower Cretaceous Mass Transport Deposits Reservoirs: Presence, Distribution, and Production Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
	3 Conclusions
	References
Expanding the Best Scientific and Technical Practices by Rosneft Oil Company on International Projects in the Middle East
	1 Introduction
	2 Comprehensive Scientific and Technical Support Algorithm
	3 Seismic Survey Data Interpretation
	4 Facies Modeling
	5 Petrophysical Modelling
	6 Geological Modelling
	7 Reservoir Simulation
	8 Field Development Monitoring
	9 Planning and Geological Support of Well Drilling
	10 Conclusion
	References
Author Index