Proceedings of the International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment and Humanosphere Science: INCREASE 2022, 22–23 Nov, Indonesia

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Indonesian Coastlines Controlling the Whole Earth’s Atmosphere
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Evidence of Coastal Diurnal Cycle (CDC)
	3 Result on Gravity Waves and Zonal Wind
		3.1 Coastal Diurnal Cycle (CDC)-Induced Gravity Waves
		3.2 Mean Zonal Wind and QBO
		3.3 Discussions and Comparison with Theoretical Studies
	4 Conclusions
	References
EAR Construction Motivation Revisited: Indonesian Coastline Representing Earth
	1 Introduction
	2 Result and Discussion
		2.1 Middle/Upper-Atmospheric Motivation of EAR Before Construction
		2.2 Climatological Importance of IMC Recognized in These Two Decades
		2.3 Momentum Budget and Vertical Coupling
		2.4 Recent Whole IMC Tropospheric Observations
	3 Conclusion
	References
Study on Diurnal Variation of Rainfall Observed by X-band Polarimetric Radar in Peatlands Over Bengkalis Island, Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Instruments and Methodology
		2.1 Furuno Radar
		2.2 Radar Preprocessing and Rainfall Estimation Algorithms
		2.3 Average Hourly Rainfall
	3 Observation and Data
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Evaluation of Rainfall Estimation by the Furuno Radar
		4.2 Regional Characteristics of the Diurnal Rainfall Cycle
	5 Conclusions
	References
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) of Gunungsitoli Geomagnetic Station to Assess the Possibility of the Earthquake Precursor
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Low-Latitude Fluctuation of Ionospheric Magnetic Field Measured by LAPAN-A3 Satellite
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study of the Low Latitude Ionosphere Irregularities Using Multi-instrument Observations
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Seasonal Variability of Field Aligned Irregularities (FAI)
		3.2 Ionospheric Scintillation Occurrences During March 2011
		3.3 Relationship Between Field Aligned Irregularities (FAI), Scintillation, and Equatorial Spread F (ESF)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Distribution of Peat Soil Carbon Under Different Land Uses in Tidal Swampland
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Study Site
		2.2 Carbon Deposit Measurement
		2.3 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study of Air Quality and Pollutant Distribution Patterns in Balikpapan Using the WRF-Chem Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Concentration of Air Pollutants in the City of Balikpapan
		3.2 Pollutant Distribution in Dry Season, Transition Season, and Wet Season
		3.3 Wind Characteristics of Balikpapan City in Balikpapan Baru and Plaza Balikpapan
	4 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Automatic Processing for Aerosol, Snow/Ice, Cloud, and Volcanic Ash Imagery (ASCI) Products Based on NOAA-JPSS Satellites Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Seasonal Composition of Inorganic Aerosol in an Urban Region of Bandung, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Sampling Site
		2.2 Data Used
		2.3 Data Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Seasonal Variabilities
		3.2 Meteorological Factors Versus Inorganic Aerosol Concentration
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Development of DSS SRIKANDI Fifth Version
	1 Introduction
	2 The DSS SRIKANDI Fifth Version Architecture’s
	3 The Interface of DSS SRIKANDI Fifth Version
	4 Further Development
	5 Summary
	References
Characteristics of PM2.5 Concentration at Bandung and Palembang from December 2019 to November 2021 Measured by Low-Cost Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Air Pollution Impact During Forest Fire 2019 Over Sumatra, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result
		3.1 The Strong Positive IOD and Forest Fire 2019
		3.2 Environment Atmosphere Impact
	4 Conclusion
	References
Influence Impregnation Method in the Structure of Bimetallic Ni-Zn/ZrO2 Catalyst
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Catalyst Preparations
		2.3 Catalyst Characterizations
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Pollution and Sources of Metals in the Brantas River in East Java, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Research Site
		2.2 Heavy Metal Contamination Assessments
		2.3 Multivariate Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Heavy Metal Concentration in the Brantas River’s Water
		3.2 Heavy Metal Contamination Assessments
	4 Conclusion
	References
Utilization EDGAR Fifth Version as Input Emission of WRF-Chem Model for Simulating Ozone and PM2.5 Over Jakarta and Its Surroundings Area
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Model WRF-Chem Configuration
		2.2 Model Evaluation
	3 Result
		3.1 PM2.5 Parameter
		3.2 Ozone Parameter
	4 Conclusion
	References
GEMS Satellite Identification on Volcanic Ash Distribution of Mount Dukono Eruption in April 2022
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Research Location
		2.2 Data
		2.3 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Emission Inventory, Investigation of EKC Presence, Handling of SO2 Emission, and PBL SO2 Column Problems in Jakarta
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Data
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Vortex on Rainfall as a Trigger for Tropical Cyclones (TC) in Maritime Continent of Southern Indonesia (Case Studies: Victoria, Ernie, and Seroja TC)
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Vortex Events in Maritime Continent of Southern Indonesia
		3.2 Single Vortex on Victoria Cyclone Event (2013)
		3.3 Double Vortex on Ernie Cyclone Event (2017)
		3.4 Triple Vortex on Seroja Cyclone Event (2021)
		3.5 Differences Impact of Rainfall on the Number of Vortex Events
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Movement Over the Maritime Continent Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Bimodality of the ITCZ
		3.2 Seasonal Migration of the ITCZ
		3.3 ITCZ Jump and Monsoon Onset
	4 Conclusions
	References
Weather Condition Identification Using Edge Detection Method for Early Warning System
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Method
	3 Result and Analysis
		3.1 Preprocessing
		3.2 Processing
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Simulation of MCC Evolution Over Borneo Island Using a High-Resolution Model, Case Study: April 14–15, 2012
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Influence of Topography in the Initial Stage of MCC
	4 Conclusion
	References
Tropopause Height Variation Toward Different Land-Sea Convection Activities in Java Using GNSS-RO Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result
		3.1 Seasonal Tropopause Altitude Diurnal Pattern
		3.2 Effect of Convective Activity on Tropopause Altitude
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Sensitivity Analysis of Constructed Analogue Statistical Downscaling Method for Extreme Rainfall Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Summary
	References
Meteorological Factors Influencing Coastal Flooding in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, on 23 May 2022
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 The MCS Evolution Ahead of Coastal Flooding
		3.2 Evolution of Convection and Near-Surface Easterly Wind
		3.3 Ekman Mass Transport (EMT) and Ekman Pumping Velocity (EPV)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Predictability of Convective-Induced Turbulence Event Using High-Resolution Model, Case Study: Hong Kong Airlines Incident on 6 May 2016
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Effects of the Cross Equatorial Northerly Surge (CENS) on Atmospheric Convection and Convergence Over Jakarta and the Surrounding Area
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Effects of CENS Over the Land Area
		3.2 The Effects of CENS Over the Sea Area
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparison Influencing of El-Nino Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole on Rainfall Variability During the Asian Winter and Summer Monsoon Over Indonesian Maritime Continent
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Statistical Data of ENSO and IOD
		3.2 Interaction ENSO with IOD
		3.3 Interaction of ENSO and IOD If One is Neutral
		3.4 SST and Wind Anomaly Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Distribution and Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) and Its Relation with Rainfall During Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Conditions Over Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 MJO Climatologies
		3.2 MCC Distribution During MJO Condition
		3.3 Characteristics of MCC During MJO Condition
	4 Conclusion
	References
Diurnal Rainfall Pattern in Riau Islands as Observed by Rain Gauge and IMERG Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparison of Statistical Properties of Rainfall Extremes Between Megacity Jakarta and New Capital City Nusantara
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Characteristics of Rainfall Events
		3.2 Large-Scale Conditions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) that Often Appears on the Northern Coast of the Borneo Island
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 MCC Characteristics
		3.2 MCC Evolution Using Composite Method
		3.3 Cold Pool and Convergent Wind Support the MCC Development
	4 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Cold Surge Based on Its Strength on Rainfall Distribution in Western Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Rainfall Distribution During CS Event
		3.2 Impact of CS During MJO
		3.3 Moisture Transport and Case Study Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Simulation of Low-Level Wind Shear at Soekarno-Hatta Airport Associated with Landward Propagation of Mesoscale Convective System
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Mesoscale Convective System
		3.2 WRF Simulation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prediction of CENS, MJO, and Extreme Rainfall Events in Indonesia Using the VECM Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
		2.1 CENS, MJO, and Rainfall Data
		2.2 Building of Vector Error Correction Model
		2.3 Rain Cluster Division
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Time Series Data Plot
		3.2 Data Transformation
		3.3 Determining Optimum Lag
		3.4 Cointegration Test
		3.5 VECM
		3.6 Test of Impulse Response Functions (IRFs)
		3.7 Comparison of the Original Data and the Estimated Data Using the VAR Model
		3.8 VECM Modeling Accuracy Values
		3.9 Forecasting Results for the Following Period
	4 Conclusions
	References
Implementation of Zero Runoff to Reduce Runoff Discharges in Timbang Langsa Village, Langsa City
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Data Collection and Processing
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Runoff Coefficient
		3.2 Time Concentration (Tc)
		3.3 Runoff Discharge (Qt)
		3.4 Clean Water Needs
		3.5 Reduction of Flood Discharge
	4 Conclusion
	References
Monthly Rainfall Prediction Using Vector Autoregressive Models Based on ENSO and IOD Phenomena in Cilacap
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Time Series of Rainfall Data and the ENSO Index, and the IOD
		3.2 Determining Optimum Lag
	4 Conclusion
	References
Extreme Rainfall Clusters in Borneo and Their Synoptic Climate Causes
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Temporal Distribution of Extreme Rainfall
		3.2 Spatial Distribution
		3.3 The Synoptic Patterns of Extreme Rainfall Events
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Wind Variations and Differences on the Airport Runways: a Case Study at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, Bali
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Analysis
		3.1 Wind Pattern in Runways 09 and 27
		3.2 Significant Wind Difference Between Runway 09 and 27
	4 Conclusion
	References
Diurnal Variation of Rainfall Over Bangka Belitung Islands Determined from Rain Gauge and IMERG Observations
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Upwelling Variations Caused by ENSO Intensification in the Southern Makassar Strait
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Distribution Pattern of Chlorophyll-A During Weak El Niño and Normal IOD
		3.2 Distribution Pattern of Sea Surface Temperature During Weak El Niño and Normal IOD
		3.3 Distribution Pattern of Chlorophyll-A During Strong El Niño and Normal IOD
		3.4 Distribution Pattern of Sea Surface Temperature During Strong El Niño and Normal IOD
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Influence of Climatic-Oceanographic Factors on Triggering Sea Level Variations in the Equatorial Malacca Strait, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Site
		2.2 Data Acquisition and Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Sea Level Trends Over 27 Years of Observation
		3.2 Correlation Analysis of Sea Level Variations Versus Climatic-Oceanographic Parameters
		3.3 Possible Influence of Madden Julian Oscillation on Triggering Sea Level Anomaly
	4 Conclusion
	References
Zooplankton Response to Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) Species Phytoplankton
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 HABs Species Phytoplankton
	4 Zooplankton Response to HABs Species
	5 Conclusion
	References
Verification of Significant Wave Height of the INA-WAVES Against Sentinel 3 Altimetry Data: Case Study for Bali Waters
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Processing
		2.3 Analysis Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Visual Analysis
		3.2 Quantitative Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Warming of the Upper Ocean in the Indonesian Maritime Continent
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Air-Sea Interaction Over Southeast Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) During Storm Intensification Episodes in the Early Dry Season Period
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Background Conditions
		3.2 Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction in Sub-Daily Cases
	4 Conclusion
	References
Anomalous Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a Induced by Mesoscale Cyclonic Eddies in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean During the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Eddy Detection and Tracking Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Characteristics of Mesoscale Eddies in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean
		3.2 The Variations of Eddy-Induced Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies and Chlorophyll-a Concentration
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Surface Current-Driven Water Pollution and ASEAN Countries Index Water Quality Assessment in the Rupat Strait, Riau Province, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Site
		2.2 Hydrodynamic Model Simulation
		2.3 Water Sampling and Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Tidal Current Patterns in the Rupat Strait
		3.2 The Spatial Distribution of Environmental Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Seasonal Water Mass Characteristics in West Sumatra Waters
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Water Mass Characteristics
		3.2 Seasonal Variability of Water Mass
		3.3 Seasonal Variability of Horizontal Temperature and Salinity
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Climate Comfort and Risk Assessment for Tourism in Bali, Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Analysis
		3.1 Climate Parameters in Bali
		3.2 Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and Humidity Index (Humidex)
		3.3 Relation Between HCI, Humidex, and International Visitor
	4 Conclusion
	References
Wind Effect on Spectral Ratio Analyses of Acoustic Waves Excited by Volcanic Explosion: Preliminary Result of Application at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Result
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Spatial Assessment Impact of Tsunami Hazard on the Transportation Infrastructure in Phuket South of Thailand
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Method
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Method
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Potential Application of Machine Learning on Agriculture and Capture Fisheries
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
	3 Application of ML
		3.1 Application in Agriculture
		3.2 Application in Fishery Management of Fisheries Resources
		3.3 Monitoring Fishing and Fish Catch
	4 Conclusion
	References
Climate Change Risk Assessment Toward Agriculture and Food Security in Sumedang Regency
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	5 Recommendation
	References
Measuring the Impact of Climate Resilience Actions in Agriculture: A Preliminary Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Data and Method
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Method
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Climate Resilient Actions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Soil CO2 Emissions Through Peat Decomposition in a Strong El Niño Year Were Higher Than in a Normal Year
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Study Site
		2.2 Groundwater Level Measurement
		2.3 Soil CO2 Emissions Through Peat Decomposition Measurement
		2.4 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Groundwater Level
		3.2 Soil CO2 Emissions Through Peat Decomposition
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Level of Paddy Rice Farmer's Adoption on Sustainable Agricultural Practices in Ciamis Regency, West Java
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Sustainable Agricultural Practices
		3.2 The Level of Paddy Rice Farmer’s Adoption on Sustainable Agricultural Practices
	4 Conclusion
	References
Index-Based Insurance for Climate Risk Management in Indonesia Agriculture
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Near-Future Projections of Rainfall, Temperature, and Solar Radiation in Sumatra Island Under Climate Change Scenarios
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Data
		2.3 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Projection of Rainfall, Minimum Temperature, Maximum Temperature, and Solar Radiation Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Scenarios
		3.2 Spatial Distribution Projected Change of Rainfall
		3.3 Spatial Distribution Projected Change of Minimum Temperature
		3.4 Spatial Distribution Projected Change of Maximum Temperature
		3.5 Spatial Distribution Projected Change of Solar Radiation
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Southeastern Part of Rajasthan, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 The Study Area
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Water Quality Assessment Using GIS
	4 Water Quality Index Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Application of Remote Sensing Data to Assess Tidal Inundation and Its Potential for Food Crop Cultivation
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Rice Projection in Sumatra by 2045 Regarding Climate Projection and Crop Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Scope of Activities
		2.2 Research Data
		2.3 APSIM Model Setup
		2.4 Plant Phenology Data
		2.5 Parameterization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Projected Rice Productivity in Sumatra
	4 Conclusions
	References
Multiyear La Niña Events and Poor Harvest of Sea Salt in Madura Island
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Climate Indicators Triggering Attacks of Rice Stem Borer as Early Detection Information
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Result Complement Data with NASA POWER
		3.2 The Distribution of Additional Monthly Rice Stem Borer (RSB) Attack
		3.3 The Relationship of Area Affected by Rice Stem Borer (RSB) Attack with Climatic Parameters
	4 Conclusions
	References
Improvement of the Cropping Index and Farmers’ Resilience in Rainfed Fields Through the Application of Climate Smart Agriculture
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Location
		2.2 Rainfall Analysis for Improving the Cropping Calendar Recommendations and the Cropping Patterns
		2.3 Capacity Building of Farmers and Improvement of Land Quality
	3 Results
		3.1 Rainfall Pattern
		3.2 Improvement of the Crop Planting and Cropping Pattern Management
		3.3 Improvement of Land Quality and Farmer Capacity
		3.4 The Impact of CSA Implementation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Applications of Soil Conditioner Polyacrylamide to Suppress Runoff and P (Phosphorus) Nutrients Loss at the Sweet Corn Cultivation Under Climate Change Issue
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Methods
		3.1 General Condition of Research Land
		3.2 Effect of Polyacrylamide on Surface Runoff
		3.3 Effect of Polyacrylamide on P Nutrients Loss
		3.4 Effect of Polyacrylamide on Sweet Corn Production
	4 Conclusion
	References
Elemental Analysis of Breadnut Seed Biochar and Its Potential Application as a Soil Amendment
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Biochar Preparation and Characterization
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Elemental Analysis of Biochar Product
		3.2 Potential Application of Biochar as Soil Amendment
		3.3 Potential Application of Biochar as Climate Change Mitigation
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Impact of Climate Change on Meteorological Drought in Yogyakarta
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Foraminiferal Paleoproductivity During Holocene in Sunda Strait
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Analytical Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Geomorphology
		4.2 The Core’s Physical Attributes
		4.3 Spectrophotometry Analysis
		4.4 Magnetic Susceptibility
		4.5 Foraminifera Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Microplastic Formation from Weathered Single-Use Plastic Straw in Panjang Island Beach, Banten Bay: Preliminary Result
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of CHAMP GPS Radio Occultation Dry Temperature Profiles Among Different Product Retrievals
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Individual Comparison Among Three Products
		3.2 Synoptic and Planetary Scale Waves
		3.3 Zonal Mean Temperature Fluctuations in the Stratosphere
	4 Summary
	References
Evaluation of ERA5 Precipitation Reanalysis Data in Indonesia
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Dataset
		2.3 Evaluation Method and Criteria
	3 Results
		3.1 Comparison of Precipitation Products
		3.2 Basic Statistics and Distribution of the Precipitation Products
	4 Conclusion
	References
Utilization of ECMWF ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data for Analysis of Atmospheric Conditions During Tropical Cyclone Dahlia
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Time and Location
		2.2 Data
		2.3 Method
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Tropical Cyclone Dahlia Movement
		3.2 Sea Surface Temperatures Analysis
		3.3 Streamline Analysis
		3.4 Geopotential Height and Air Temperature Analysis
		3.5 Divergence Analysis
		3.6 Water Vapor Transport Analysis
		3.7 Influence of Tropical Waves
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Detecting and Tracking Algorithms of Reflectivity Area Based on Rain Scanner Observation Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Total Suspended Solids Concentration Estimation in Coastal Wasters Using Remote Sensing Data and Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 In Situ TSS Data
		2.2 Landsat Data Collections and Pre-processing
		2.3 Model Development
		2.4 Accuracy Assessment
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 The Machine Learning Models for Estimating the TSS from Landsat-8 OLI
		3.2 The Reliability of the Estimated TSS Concentration
		3.3 TSS Concentration Map Using the Selected Model
	4 Conclusion
	References
Practical Approach to Designing Radar Linear and Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Chirp Waveforms
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definitions
	3 Main Results and Discussion
		3.1 Template Signal
		3.2 GNU Radio-Compatible Format Data
		3.3 Simulation on GNU Radio
		3.4 Matched Filtering
		3.5 Discussion: Peak Sidelobe Comparison
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Ensembles Simulation on the Seasonal Rainfall Characteristics Over Indonesia Maritime Continent
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Application and Analysis of Remote Sensing for the Initial Baseline of the Quantitative Comfort Index in Ibukota Nusantara (IKN) and Its Surroundings
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Model to Describe Elastic Light Scattering of a Single Sphere in a Non-homogeneous Illuminating Light Measured in an Optical Particle Counter
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Calibration
	3 Model Description
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Atmospheric Conditions on Hail Events in Bandung on March 8, 2022
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Precipitation Analysis
		2.2 Cloud Identification and Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Temporal Evolution of Precipitation Based on Rain Scanner Observation
		3.2 Wind Analysis
		3.3 Cloud Identification and Vertical Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Microphysical Features During Rainfall Events in Bandung, West Java. Case Study: Weather Modification Technology in Citarum Basin, November 2021
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
		2.1 Automatic Weather Station (AWS)
		2.2 Dual-Polarization Doppler Radar
		2.3 Laser Precipitation Monitor
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 AWS Data
		3.2 Radar Data 
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Role of Self-Organization Convective Clouds Resulting in Heavy Rainfall Over the Western Part of Java Island on July 15–16, 2022
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
		2.1 Cloud Identification and Analysis
		2.2 Precipitation Analysis
		2.3 Temperature and Moisture Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Cloud Evolution and Propagation
		3.2 Precipitation Analysis
		3.3 Temperature and Moisture Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Characteristics of Marine Aerosol Deposition and Its Relation to Wind Condition in Three Locations of West Java
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Method
		2.1 Research Locations
		2.2 Data
		2.3 Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References