Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Civil Engineering (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 213)

Preface
Organizations
	Conference Committee
	Chairs
	Members (Alphabet Sequence)
	Scientific Committee
	Chair
	Members (Alphabet Sequence)
	Publication Committee
	Chair
	Members (Alphabet Sequence)
Contents
Particle Morphology Effect on the Soil Pore Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodologies
		2.1 Sedimentation Method
		2.2 Analytical Method
		2.3 Numerical Method
		2.4 Experimental and Imaging Techniques
	3 Experiments Using Replica Technique
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Improvement Measures for Structure System Conversions Caused by Utilising SPMTs to Lift Trusses
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Design Variables
		2.3 Methods for Improvement
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation the Level of Service of Signalized Intersection: Al-Amreia Intersection as a Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Studies
	3 Objectives of the Study
	4 Study Area
	5 Methodology
	6 Data Collection
		6.1 Traffic Volumes
		6.2 Saturation Flow Rate
		6.3 Existing Geometric Design
	7 Analysis and Results
		7.1 Peak Hour Volumes
		7.2 Peak Hour Factor (PHF)
		7.3 Existing LOS
	8 Proposals Design Alternative
		8.1 First Proposal: Change the Cycle Length and Green Time for All Approaches
		8.2 Second Proposal: Increase Number of Lanes
		8.3 Third Proposal: Underground from East Bound Towards West Bound
		8.4 Fourth Proposal: Fly Over from North Bound Towards South Bound
	9 Analysis of Forecasted Traffic Data
	10 Conclusions
	References
An Algorithm to Obtain Moment-Curvature Diagram for Reinforced Concrete Sections
	1 Introduction
	2 Stress-Strain Models for Confined Concrete
		2.1 Mander, Priestly, Park 1988
		2.2 Kent and Park Model
	3 Calculation of Moment and Curvature
	4 KSU-RC Software
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of the Influence of TH Port’s Breakwater on the Hydrodynamic Regime in Cua Lo and Cua Hoi Estuaries, Nghe an Province, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Methodology
		2.1 Description of Study Area
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Hydrodynamic Features
		3.2 Wave Field
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effects of Hole Locations on the Elastic Global Buckling Loads of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Members with Perforations Under Compression or Bending
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Models for Buckling Analyses
	3 Effects of Symmetrical and Evenly Spaced Web Holes on the Elastic Global Buckling Loads of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Members
	4 Effects of Web Hole Locations on the Elastic Global Buckling Loads of Perforated Channel Members
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Bridge Skew on the Analytical and Experimental Responses of a Steel Girder Highway Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Bridge Description
	3 Load Rating
		3.1 Analytical Load Rating
		3.2 Experimental Load Rating
		3.3 Comparison of Analytical and Experimental Load Ratings
	4 Natural Frequency
		4.1 Analytical Natural Frequency
		4.2 Experimental Natural Frequency
		4.3 Comparison of Analytical and Experimental Natural Frequencies
	5 Conclusions and Future Recommendations
	References
Investigation of Sectional Capacities of Cold-Formed Steel SupaCee Sections
	1 Introduction
	2 Summarize the Investigated Capacities of SupaCee Section Members
	3 Determination of Sectional Capacities of Cold-Formed Steel Section Using the Direct Strength Method
	4 Comparisons of Sectional Capacities Between the Channel and SupaCee Sections
	5 Conclusion
	References
Preliminary Regression Study on Air Quality Inside a Road Tunnel: A Case Study in Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Tunnel and Meteorology Description
	3 Linear Regression Study
		3.1 Total Suspended Particles
		3.2 Airborne Lead
		3.3 Volatile Organic Compounds
		3.4 Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Design
		2.1 Specimen Design and Fabrication
		2.2 Loading Scheme
	3 Experimental Results and Analysis
		3.1 Characteristic Load Analysis
		3.2 Deflection and Rigidity Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Influence of Different Excavation Methods on Deep Foundation Pit and Surrounding Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction to Numerical Simulation Method
	3 Project Overview and Geological Conditions
	4 Numerical Model of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation
		4.1 Numerical Model Dimensions of Deep Foundation Pit
		4.2 Pile Anchor Support Structure and Surrounding
		4.3 Basic Assumptions, Boundary Conditions and Material Parameters
		4.4 Calculation Conditions
	5 Impact of Different Excavation Methods on Deep Foundation Pit and Surrounding Environment
		5.1 Effect of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation on Deep Foundation Pit Deformation
		5.2 Impact of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation on Buildings and Surrounding Surface
		5.3 Influence of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation on Tunnel and Surface
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study on Critical Shaft Length in Underground Metro Tunnel with One End to Outside
	1 Introduction
	2 Critical Shaft Length
	3 FDS Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Validation of FDS Numerical Simulation
		3.2 Grid Independence Test
		3.3 FDS Simulation Scheme
	4 Analysis of Simulation Results
		4.1 Influence of Fire Source Location
		4.2 Effect of Fire Source on Heat Release Rate
		4.3 Theoretical Model of Critical Shaft Length
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Influence of Transverse Limit of Support on Construction Monitoring of Special-Shaped Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Summary
	3 Finite Element Analysis Model
	4 Construction Monitoring Content
		4.1 The Linear Monitoring
		4.2 Stress Monitoring
		4.3 Cable Force Monitoring
	5 Construction Monitoring Results
		5.1 Linear Monitoring Results
		5.2 Stress Monitoring Results
		5.3 Cable Force Monitoring Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Probabilistic Analysis of a Braced Excavation Considering Soil Spatial Variability
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Numerical Model of Braced Excavation with Struts
		2.2 Random Field
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Deterministic Results
		3.2 Uncertainty of Braced Excavation by Stages
	4 Conclusions
	References
Influence of Excavation of Horizontal Adit Tunnel on Main Tunnel and Safety Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
		2.1 Geological Conditions
		2.2 Tunnel Overview
	3 Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Model Establishment
		3.2 Model Calculation Parameters
	4 Analysis of Calculation Results
		4.1 Analysis of Surrounding Rock Deformation
		4.2 Stress Analysis of Lining
		4.3 Calculation of Safety Factor
	5 Conclusion
	References
Application of Composite Foundation with Long-Short CFG Piles in Engineering Accident Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Reinforcement Scheme Design
	4 Composite Foundation Construction
	5 Reinforcement Effect and Evaluation of Composite Foundation
		5.1 Composite Foundation Inspection
		5.2 Building Settlement Monitoring
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Improvement Calculation Method of Design Thrust of Anti Slide Pile
	1 Introduction
	2 Pile-Soil Interaction of Anti-slide Pile
	3 Transmission Coefficients Method
		3.1 The Assumption of Transmission Coefficients Method
		3.2 Overload Method and Strength Reserve Method to Calculate the Remaining Sliding Force Calculation Formula
		3.3 Derivation of the Residual Anti-sliding Force Calculation Formulae by the Overload Method and the Strength Reserve Method
	4 Improved Calculation Method of Anti-slide Pile Thrust
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
Treatment of Leakage Disease of a Deep Foundation Pit
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Geological and Hydrological Profile
		3.1 Geological Conditions
		3.2 Hydrological Overview
	4 Foundation Pit Support Design
	5 Leakage of Foundation Pit
	6 Cause Analysis of Leakage Disease
	7 Construction Measures for Treatment of Leakage Disease
		7.1 Treatment of the Position Outside the Foundation Pit Corresponding to the Water Leakage Point
		7.2 Treatment of the Inner Side of the Foundation Pit Corresponding to the Leakage Point
		7.3 Treatment of Underground Cavity Location
	8 Construction Technology
		8.1 Watertight and Polyurethane
		8.2 Hanging Net and Spraying Wall
		8.3 Double-Liquid Grouting
	9 Conclusion
	References
Vibration-Based Damage Joint Identification Method for Superstructure and Substructure of Piles-Supported Frame Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 The Description of the Proposed Damage Identification Method
		2.1 Damage Identification Process
		2.2 High-Efficiency Modes Determinations
		2.3 Element Modal Strain Energy and Strain Energy Difference Functions Calculation
		2.4 Wavelet Transform Analysis
		2.5 Damage Identification Index
	3 Damage Identification Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Numerical Modeling of Piles-Supported Frame Structure Test Model
		3.2 Damage Identification Numerical Simulation Cases
		3.3 Modal Analysis and High-Efficiency Modes Selection
	4 Results and Analysis of the Damage Identification Numerical Simulation
		4.1 Results and Analysis of the Single Damage Identification
		4.2 Results and Analysis of the Multiple Damage Identification
	5 Conclusion and the Prospect of Further Research
	References
Research and Development and Pilot Application of Innovative Technology of Prefabricated Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Introduction
		2.1 Architectural Design
		2.2 Structural Design
	3 Pilot Application of Prefabricated Technology
		3.1 Laminated Truss Floor Slab
		3.2 U-Shaped Steel Bar Ring Buckle Connection Technology
		3.3 Overlap Connection of Primary and Secondary Beams and Steel Slot Connection Technology
		3.4 Bellows Through Hole Prefabricated Column
	4 Bim Collaborative Forward Design
	5 Conclusion
	References
Symplectic Elastic Solution of Multi-layer Thick-Walled Cylinder Under Different Interlayer Constraints
	1 Introduction
	2 Hamiltonian Mechanics in Polar Coordinates
		2.1 The Mixed State Equation of Sector in Polar Coordinates
		2.2 Basic Eigensolutions of Homogeneous Equations
		2.3 Special Solutions of Non-homogeneous Boundary Conditions
	3 Stress Analysis of Multi-layer Thick-Walled Cylinder
		3.1 Problem Description
		3.2 Boundary Conditions and Continuous Smooth Conditions
		3.3 Example
		3.4 Analysis of Influencing Factors
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Construction Process of Steel Beam Incremental Launching Based on Finite Element Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Finite Element Modeling
		3.1 Calculation Parameters
		3.2 Calculation Load
		3.3 Calculation Conditions
	4 Calculation and Analysis of Steel Beam Pushing Process
		4.1 Steel Beam Displacement Calculation
		4.2 Steel Beam Stress Calculation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Concrete Block Fabricated Foundation
	1 Instruction
	2 Model Design
	3 In Situ Test
	4 Numerical Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Pavement Crack Detection and Quantification Based on Scanning Grid and Projection Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Crack Image Acquisition and Feature Extraction
		2.1 Image Acquisition
		2.2 Feature Extraction
		2.3 Frame Correction and the Overlapping Part Removal
	3 Crack Image Distress Parameters Calculation and Assessment
	4 Test Results Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Test and Evaluation for Performance of Composite Pavement Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Pavement Structure and Material Design
		2.1 Pavement Structure
		2.2 Materials Design
	3 Experimental Design and Data Collection Scheme
		3.1 Experimental Design
		3.2 Data Collection Scheme
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Rut Cross Section
		4.2 Deflection
		4.3 Dynamic Response of Pavement Structure Under Different Axle Load
		4.4 Dynamic Response of Pavement Structure Under Different Loading Times
	5 Results and Analysis
	References
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Long Span PC Continuous Beam Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Establishment of Finite Element Model
	4 Parameter Sensitivity Analysis
		4.1 Cast-In-Situ Section Weight
		4.2 Modulus of Elasticity
		4.3 Temperature Gradient
	5 Sensitivity Calculation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Preparation and Impact Resistance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates Modified by Carbon Nanotubes
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation and Testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates Modified by Carbon Nanotubes
		2.1 Preparation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminate
		2.2 High Speed Impact Test
	3 Finite Element Simulation
		3.1 Model Establishment and Grid Division
		3.2 Simulation Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of the Displacement Dynamic Load Allowance and Bending Moment Dynamic Load Allowance of Highway Continuous Girder Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Solution Method of Vehicle-Bridge Interaction
	3 Bridge, Vehicle and Road Roughness Model
		3.1 Bridge Model
		3.2 Vehicle Model
		3.3 Road Roughness Model
	4 The Method of DLA Calculation and the Working Condition Layout
		4.1 Working Condition Layout
		4.2 Calculation Method of the DLA
	5 Results Analysis
		5.1 Influence of Vehicle Speed on the Displacement DLA and Bending Moment DLA of the Continuous Girder Bridge
		5.2 Influence of the Vehicle Body Weight on the Displacement DLA and Bending Moment DLA of the Continuous Girder Bridge
		5.3 Influence of Road Roughness on the Displacement DLA and Bending Moment DLA of the Continuous Girder Bridge
	6 Conclusion
	References
Temperature Distribution and Transmission in Multilayer Porous Asphalt Courses
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Experiment Design
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Specimen Preparation
		2.3 Test Scheme
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Temperature at Depth of 2 cm
		3.2 Temperature at 10 cm
		3.3 Temperature at 14 cm
		3.4 The Temperature Transmission Law
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Support Damage of Highway Bridge Based on Midas
	1 Introduction
	2 Bearing Damage Simulation
	3 Model Building
	4 Bearing Durability Analysis
		4.1 Stress and Deformation Analysis
		4.2 Bearing Stiffness Damage Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Application Analysis of Several Basement Exterior Wall Construction Schemes in Compacted Pile Foundation Treatment Engineering
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Construction Scheme
		2.1 Conventional Excavation Scheme
		2.2 Excavation Scheme for Outer Frame Edge
		2.3 Excavation Scheme of One-Sided Formwork
	3 Overview of Construction Scheme
		3.1 Economical Efficiency
		3.2 Difficulty of Construction
	4 Conclusion
	References
Multilateral Boundary Blasting Theory of High and Steep Slope in Open Pit Mine and Its Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Role of Explosive Under Multilateral Boundary Conditions
		2.1 Upswing
		2.2 Collapse
		2.3 Slump
		2.4 Side Throwing
	3 Calculation Formula of Blasting Charge Under Multilateral Boundary Conditions
		3.1 Basic Principles and Assumptions
		3.2 Multilateral Boundary Dose Calculation Formula
		3.3 Comparison of Theoretical Formula and Empirical Formula
		3.4 Calculating Formula of Charge for Multilateral Boundary Deep Hole Blasting
	4 Project Example
		4.1 Project Overview
		4.2 Deep Hole Blasting Design Under Multilateral Boundary Conditions
		4.3 Detonation Network
		4.4 Blasting Effect and Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Laboratory Model Test of Eco-Concrete Slab Slope Protection
	1 Introduction
	2 Test overview
		2.1 Experiment Material
		2.2 Test Plan
		2.3 Specimen Production
		2.4 Sensing Element Layout and Loading
	3 Effect Analysis of Eco-Concrete Slope Protection
	4 Analysis of Influencing Factors on Deformation and Stability of Ecoconcrete
		4.1 The Influence of Soil Compaction Degree Change on Slope
		4.2 Influence of Soil Water Content Change on Slope
		4.3 Influence of Different Slope Ratios on Slope
	5 Conclusion
	References
Compressive Strength Performance of Additives for Cement-Based Grouting Material with Low Water-Binder Ratio by Response Surface Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment
		2.1 Materials and Instruments
		2.2 Compressive Strength Test Design
		2.3 Specimen Forming and Test Method
	3 Results and Analysis of Compressive Strength Test
		3.1 Results and Fitting Models
		3.2 Response Surface Interaction Analysis
		3.3 Parameter Optimization and Verification
	4 Analysis of the Action Mechanism of Additives
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Seismic Performance of Integrated Support of Steel Arch and Anchor in Loose Surrounding Rock of Highway Tunnel
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Simulation Support Scheme
	4 Establishment of Tunnel Model and Selection of Parameters
		4.1 Establishment of Calculation Model
		4.2 Unit Type and Parameter Setting
		4.3 Setting of Boundary Conditions and Mechanical Damping
		4.4 Selection of Seismic Waves
	5 Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results
		5.1 Deformation Analysis of the Tunnel Second Lining Structure
		5.2 Stress Analysis of Tunnel Second Lining Structure
		5.3 Plastic Zone Analysis of Tunnel Second Lining Structure
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research on Crack Propagation and Critical Water Pressure of Basalt Under Hydraulic Coupling
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Principle and Method
	3 Test Results and Analysis
		3.1 Typical Stress-Strain Curve
		3.2 Analysis of Acoustic Emission Results
		3.3 Crack Initiation Stress and Critical Water Pressure
	4 Calculation Formula of Critical Pore Water Pressure
	5 Conclusion
	References
Theory and Technology of Digital Twin Model for Geotechnical Engineering
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition and Connotation of Digital Twin Model in Geotechnical Engineering
	3 Architecture of Digital Twin Model in Geotechnical Engineering
		3.1 Underlying Architecture
		3.2 Method System
	4 Data Integrating and Sharing Mechanism of Digital Twin Model Based on Bim
	5 Modeling and Integration of Digital Twin Model in Geotechnical Engineering
	6 Simulation Analysis Technology for Geotechnical Engineering Digital Twin
	7 Conclusion
	References
Study on Optimization of Row Spacing Between Steel Arches in Deep Buried Fault Cave Sections
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Basic Theory
		3.1 Equivalent Model of the Support System
		3.2 Enclosure Support Characteristic Curves
		3.3 Study on the Influence of F8 Fault Support Parameters on the Stability of the Surrounding Rock
		3.4 Sensitivity Analysis of Row Spacing Between Steel Arches
	4 Numerical Simulation Studies
		4.1 Computational Models and Research Scheme
		4.2 Geo-Stress Regression Calculation Results and Discussion
		4.3 Sensitivity Analysis of Row Spacing Between Steel Arches
	5 Conclusion
	References
Seismic Performance of a Precast Hollow Insulated Shear Wall
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Investigation
		2.1 Test Walls
		2.2 Material Properties
		2.3 Experimental Setup and Measuring System
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Cracks and Failure Patterns
		3.2 Strain Distributions of the Reinforcement Rebars
		3.3 Hysteresis Behavior and Envelope Curves
		3.4 Ductility
		3.5 Energy Dissipation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study on Surface Deformation Model Induced by Shield Tunneling Based on Random Field Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Random Analysis Method of Surface Deformation in Shield Construction
		2.1 Parameter Spatial Variability
		2.2 Random Analysis Process of Surface Deformation
	3 Characteristics and Mode Analysis of Surface Deformation Curve
		3.1 Numerical Calculation Model
		3.2 Deterministic Analysis
		3.3 Random Analysis
		3.4 Analysis of Surface Deformation Curve Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of Large Diameter Shield Tunnel with Construction Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Model and Parameters
		2.1 Model Overview
		2.2 Model Parameters
		2.3 Cases for Analysis
	3 Result Analysis
		3.1 Vertical Displacement Analysis
		3.2 Structural Internal Force Analysis
		3.3 Synergetic Deformation Analysis of Soil-Tunnel Segment-Assembled Internal Structures
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on Deterioration Rule of Water-Binder Ratio on Mechanical Properties and Frost Resistance of Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Sample Testing and Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Surface Spalling of Concrete Under F-T
		3.2 Variation of Mass and Relative Dynamic Elastic Modulus of Specimens Under F-T
		3.3 Comparative Analysis of Basic Mechanical Indexes of Specimens Before and Aater F-T
		3.4 Variation Law of Thickness of F-T Damaged Layer of Concrete Under F-T
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Pile-Soil Interaction of Precast Pile Driven in Coastal Strata
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis of Pile Squeezing Effect
		2.1 Cavity Expansion Theory
		2.2 Calculation Method of Pile Sinking Resistance
		2.3 Calculation Result Analysis
	3 Model Test on Pile Sinking Process
		3.1 Test Device and Method
		3.2 Soil Sample and Sensor Layout
		3.3 Test Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Reliability Analysis of Gravity Retaining Wall
	1 Foreword
	2 Failure Mode of Retaining Wall Considering Earthquake and Groundwater
		2.1 The Function and Selection of Constant and Random Variable
		2.2 Limit State Equation
	3 Reliability Limit Analysis of Retaining Wall Considering Earthquake and Groundwater
		3.1 General Limit of Reliability of Retaining Wall Considering Earthquake and Groundwater
		3.2 Narrow Limit of Reliability of Retaining Wall Considering Earthquake and Groundwater
	4 Case Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Key Technology of Anti-sliding Treatment of Resin Thin Layer of Bascule Bridge Steel Panel
	1 Introduction
	2 The Choice of Bridge Deck Pavement Scheme
	3 Research on Pavement Material Performance
		3.1 High Temperature Stability
		3.2 Bonding Performance Between Resin Thin Layer and Steel Base Surface
	4 Construction Technology Research
	5 Application Performance of Resin Thin Layer After Paving
		5.1 Sliding Resistance
		5.2 Durability
	6 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Fiber on Properties of Graphite Tailings Foam Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Text
		2.1 Raw Materials
		2.2 Influence of Graphite Tailings Fineness on the Strength of Foam Concrete.
		2.3 The Influence of Dry Density on the Performance of Graphite Tailings Foamed Concrete
		2.4 Effect of Glass Fiber and Polypropylene Fiber on Properties of Foam Concrete
	3 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Oxide Molar Ratio on Size Effect of Geopolymer Recycled Aggregate Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Raw Materials
		2.2 Experimental Method and Instrument
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Influence of Oxide Molar Ratio on Compressive Strength
		3.2 The Influence of Oxide Molar Ratio on Size Conversion Coefficient
		3.3 Bazant Size Effect Fitting
		3.4 Critical Size and Critical Strength
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fast Algorithm for Completion State Calculating of Wire Rope Cable Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytic Algorithm Theory
		2.1 Catenary Cable Shape Theory
		2.2 Parabolic Cable Shape Theory
		2.3 Fast Algorithm
	3 Real Bridge Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Grouting Defect Sleeve on Seismic Performance of Concrete Column
	1 Introduction
	2 Concrete Column Model
		2.1 Column Size and Reinforcement
		2.2 Loading System
		2.3 Specimen Number and Defect Setting
	3 Model
		3.1 Reinforcing Steel Bar
		3.2 Concrete
		3.3 Optimization of Grouting Sleeve in the Model
	4 Results Analysis
		4.1 Seismic Performance of Concrete Columns with Different Anchorage Lengths
		4.2 Effect of Different Defect Locations on Seismic Performance of Concrete Columns
	5 Conclusion
	References
Developments of Microseismic Monitoring Technology in Deep Tunnels in China
	1 Introduction
	2 Distribution Characteristic of Tunnel Projects with MS Monitoring
	3 Environment and System Characteristic of MS Monitoring
	4 Purpose of MS Monitoring in Deep Tunnel
	5 Effect of MS Monitoring in Deep Tunnel: Case Study
		5.1 Case 1: The Deep Tunnels in Jinping II Hydropower Project
		5.2 Case 2: The Deep Tunnels in Baihetan Hydropower Station
	6 Conclusions
	References
Author Index