Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2023: Advanced ... Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1138)

Contents
Dynamic Interaction Study on Double-Pantograph and Rigid-Catenary for AC Traction Power Supply System
	1 Introduction
	2 Double Pantograph Catenary Modeling
		2.1 Suspension Mechanism Modeling
		2.2 Double Pantograph Modeling
		2.3 Rigid Catenary Modeling
		2.4 Double Pantograph Catenary Coupling Modeling
	3 Analysis of Structure
		3.1 Fluctuation Propagation of Rigid Catenary
		3.2 The Theoretical Value of the Span
	4 Simulation Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Real-Time Low-Light Image Enhancement Method for Train Driving Scene Based on Improved Zero-DCE
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Establishment of Light Curve Function
		2.2 Proposed Light Curve Parameter Estimation Architecture
		2.3 Self-supervised Loss
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Experimental Environment
		3.3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Mathematical Model of Adaptive Optimal Allocation for the Whole Process of Driving Through No. 18 Non-crossing Crossover Considering Special Sections
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of the Whole Process of a Train Passing Through a Non-crossing Crossover
	3 Modeling of No. 18 Non-crossing Crossover
		3.1 Integral Model Modeling Method Based on the Whole Process of Train Passing Through the Crossovers
	4 Model Verification and Analysis
		4.1 Example Background
		4.2 Model Validation
		4.3 Non-crossing Crossover Model Based on Special Section Optimization
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Enhancing Speed Measurement Accuracy in Rail Transit Systems Using Curve Fitting Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Speed Sensor
		2.1 Hardware Model Analysis of Speed Sensor
		2.2 The Theory of Speed Measurement
	3 Causes of Speed Measurement Errors
		3.1 Theoretical Errors in Speed Sensor Speed Measurement Sampling
		3.2 The Impact of Sampling Errors on Control Systems
	4 Reducing Speed Measurement Errors Through Curve Fitting
		4.1 Least Squares Principle
	5 Simulation Verification
		5.1 Speed Measurement Error Correction
		5.2 Sampling Delay Correction
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Fine-Grained Method for Detecting Defects of Track Fasteners Using RGB-D Image
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Defects Detection of Track Fastener Based on Visual Images
		2.2 Defects Detection of Track Fastener Based on Structured Light
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Coarse-Grained Detection
		3.2 Fine-Grained Detection
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experimental Parameters
		4.3 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Key Parameter Optimization Method of High-Speed Railway Vehicle-Bridge System Based on Proxy Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction of Vertical Acceleration Proxy Model for High-Speed Trains
		2.1 Design Variable Sampling Based on LHS
		2.2 Virtual Simulation of Vertical Acceleration of High-Speed Trains
		2.3 Kriging Based Vehicle Body Vertical Acceleration Proxy Model
	3 Optimization of Key Parameters of Vehicle Bridge System Based on Proxy Model
		3.1 Optimization Model for Vertical Acceleration of High-Speed Trains
		3.2 Optimization Model for Vertical Acceleration of High-Speed Trains
		3.3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Reliability Analysis of Metro Vehicles Bogie System Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Bayesian Network Model Construction Method
		2.1 Bayesian Network Modeling Based on Fault Tree
		2.2 Root Node Prior Probability Determination Based on Fuzzy Theory
		2.3 Unblur
		2.4 Conditional Probability Correction Based on Noisy-Or Model
	3 The Example Analysis
		3.1 Bayesian Network Assignment for Metro Vehicles Bogie System
		3.2 Reliability Analysis of Metro Vehicles Bogie System
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Lightweight Pedestrian Intrusion Detection Algorithm Based on On-Board Video
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Railway Intrusion Detection
		2.2 Railway Scene Segmentation
	3 Method
		3.1 A Lightweight Pedestrian Intrusion Detection
		3.2 Object Detection
		3.3 Semantic Segmentation
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Object Detection
		4.2 Sematic Segmentation
		4.3 Intrusion Detection
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Railway Similarity Multiple Object Tracking Framework Based on Vehicle Front Video
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Intelligent Video Analytics for Rail Transit
		2.2 Multi-object Tracking at Railway
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Object Detection
		3.2 Object Association
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experimental Parameters
		4.3 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Lightweight Sementic Segmentation Model for Metro Tunnel Scene Based on Vehicle Front Camera
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Semantic Segmentation
		2.2 Research on Semantic Segmentation in Railway
	3 Method
		3.1 Overall Framework
		3.2 Backbone of Network
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Datasets
		4.2 Experimental Hyper Parameters Settings
		4.3 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Fault Detection Method of Traction Systems in High-Speed Trains Based on Joint Observer
	1 Introduction
	2 The Proposed Data-Driven Fault Detection Scheme
		2.1 Systems Description
		2.2 Data-Driven Joint Observer Based on Correlation Measure
		2.3 Implementation Procedures of Fault Detection
	3 Verifications
		3.1 Experiment on Pilot-Scale Platform
		3.2 Verification on Traction Systems of High-Speed Trains
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Electromagnetic Wind Energy Harvester for Condition Monitoring System of High-Speed Train Bogies
	1 Introduction
	2 Harvester Design and Operating Principle
	3 Finite Element Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Experiment Setup
		4.2 Performance Test
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Exploration of Voltage-Type Rotor Magnetic Field Indirect Vector Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of an Asynchronous Motor
		2.1 The Steady-State Mathematical Model
		2.2 Dynamic Mathematical Model
	3 Electric Braking Control Methods
		3.1 Constant Voltage to Frequency Control Method
		3.2 Vector Control Method
	4 Voltage-Oriented Decoupling Algorithm
		4.1 Voltage-Oriented Feedforward Decoupling Algorithm
	5 Simulation Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Method to Detect Arc Across Pantograph-Catenary Structure Atop Train Based on Frequency Features of Entry Current
	1 Introduction
	2 Frequency Features of Entry Current
		2.1 Theory and Researches on PCArc
		2.2 Simulations on PCArc
		2.3 Confirmation by Practical Waveforms
	3 Principle to Detect PCArc
		3.1 Scheme
		3.2 Key Steps
	4 Application
		4.1 Measurement System
		4.2 Construction of Datasets
		4.3 Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Foreign Object Detection Method for Railway Overhead Lines Based on Few-Shot Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Railway Intrusion Detection
		2.2 Few-Shot Learning
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Overall Framework
		3.2 General Training Stage
		3.3 Fine-Tuning Training Stage
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experiment Parameters
		4.3 Experiment Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Transformer-Aware Graph Convolution Networks for Relation Extraction of Railway Safety Risk
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Model
		2.1 Semantics Feature Learning
		2.2 Syntax Feature Learning
		2.3 Relation Extraction
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Experimental Settings
		3.2 Parameter Settings
		3.3 Performance Analysis
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Comprehensive Study on Train Operation Dynamics and Passenger Comfort Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Force Analysis of Train Operation Process
		2.1 Adhesion Force Between Wheel and Rail
		2.2 Train Dynamic Model
	3 Comfort of the Train
		3.1 Evaluation Criteria for Comfort
		3.2 Deceleration Impulse Rate
	4 Analysis of the Entire Train Operation Process
	5 Simulation Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Model-Driven Study of Intelligent Passenger Information System for Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology Applicable to IPIS
	3 IPIS Modeling
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Positioning of Permanent Magnet Maglev Trains Based on Weighted Adaptive Kalman Information Fusion
	1 Introduction
	2 WKF-RW Algorithm Design
		2.1 WKF Algorithm
		2.2 Recursive Weighted Least Squares Algorithm
	3 Experiment and Result Analysis
		3.1 Analysis of Simulation Results
		3.2 Analysis of Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Dropper in Catenary System
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of Pantograph-Catenary System
		2.1 Catenary
		2.2 Pantograph
		2.3 Dropper
	3 Dynamic Characteristics of Dropper
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Power Flow Optimization Method for Urban Rail Flexible Traction Power Supply System Considering Train Dwell Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Regenerative Braking Energy
	3 Modeling of Multi Trains Energy Saving Operation
		3.1 Analysis of Principle
		3.2 Energy Saving Operation Scheme Design
	4 Simulation
		4.1 Simulation Parameters
		4.2 Analysis of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Mechanism and Data-Driven Hybrid Mechanical Model of Rotary Arm Positioning Rubber Joint
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Hybrid Model and Its Implementation
		2.1 Mechanism Part of Model
		2.2 Hybrid Model
		2.3 Implementation of Hybrid Model
	3 Vehicle Dynamics Analysis Based on Hybrid Model
		3.1 Establishment of Vehicle Dynamics Model
		3.2 Response Analysis of Rubber Joints Under Different Track Irregularity
		3.3 Influence of Ambient Temperature on Vehicle Curve Safety
	4 Conclusion
	References
High Speed Train Bracket Arm Visualization Experiment System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Construction
		2.1 Load-Strain Linear Superposition Principle
		2.2 Experimental System Design
		2.3 Software Design
	3 Summary and Discussion
	References
Design of Cabinet-Level Refrigeration System in Subway Station Communication Signal Room
	1 Introduction
	2 System Design
		2.1 System Composition
		2.2 Refrigeration Module Design
		2.3 Indoor Refrigeration Control Cabinet
		2.4 Cabinet Air Deflector
		2.5 Outdoor Radiator
	3 System Intelligence
		3.1 System Network Structure
		3.2 System Control Software and Mobile Terminal
	4 Conclusion
	References
Active Control of Pantograph Sliding Mode Under Fluctuating Wind Excitation
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of the Pantograph-Catenary System Considering Aerodynamic Effects
		2.1 Pantograph-Catenary Coupling Modeling
		2.2 Analysis of Fluctuation-Induced Aerodynamic Forces on the Contact Wire
		2.3 Sliding Film Control Based on Exponential Convergence Rate
	3 Analysis and Comparison of Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Time Synchronized Sensor Network with IEEE1588 for Vibration Measurement in Structural Health Monitoring of Railway System
	1 Introduction
	2 Time-Delayed Effects on Vibration Measurement
	3 The Rationale of IEEE 1588
	4 The Synchronized Measurement System Design
	5 Test and Experiment
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Modeling and Implementation of EMU Traction System
	1 Preface
	2 Modeling and Design of EMU Based on MBSE
		2.1 Modeling Language
		2.2 Modeling Tools
		2.3 Modeling Methods
	3 Modeling and Implementation Process of Traction System
		3.1 Requirements Model of Traction System
		3.2 Functional Model of Traction System
		3.3 Architectural Model of Traction System
		3.4 Realizability Analysis of System Function
		3.5 Implementation of Traction System
	4 Conclusion
	References
Traffic Operation Status Research Based on Multi-source Data Fusion
	1 Introduction
	2 GA-BP Model
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Experimental Design
		3.2 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Isochronous Deterministic Ethernet System Research
	1 Introduction
	2 The Impact of Communication Delay Uncertainty on Control Systems
	3 The Principles of Synchronous Deterministic Ethernet Technology
		3.1 Time Synchronization
		3.2 Deterministic Scheduling Technology
	4 IDE Simulation Research
	5 IDE Implementation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Data-Driven Fault Text Classification of Urban Rail Transit Vehicle On-Board Signal System
	1 Introduction
	2 Urban Rail Transit Vehicle On-Board Signal System and Fault Data Analysis
		2.1 A Typical Urban Rail Transit Vehicle On-Board Signal System
		2.2 Fault Data Characteristics
	3 Fault Data Processing
		3.1 Domain Segmenter for Rail Transit Text Based on Pkuseg
		3.2 Feature Extraction Based on TF-IDF
		3.3 Data Balancing Based on ADASYN
	4 Fault Classification Based on SVM
	5 Experimental Analysis
		5.1 Evaluation Metrics
		5.2 Experimental Analysis of Word Segmentation in Urban Rail Transit Text
		5.3 Experimental Analysis of Fault Data Balance Processing and Classification
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research on Temperature Rise Modeling of Traction Inverter Module Based on Surrogate Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling and Simulation
		2.1 Inverter Module Thermal Network Model
		2.2 Modeling Principle
		2.3 Sampling Design
		2.4 Experimental Design
		2.5 Model Training
	3 Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on the Current Situation and Development of Urban Rail Transit Test and Certification Center
	1 Introduction
	2 Foreign Research Status of Urban Rail Transit Testing and Certification
		2.1 Transportation Technology Center Inc
		2.2 Test and Validation Center in Wegberg-Wildenrath
		2.3 The Valenciennes Railway Test Center
	3 Domestic Research Status of Urban Rail Transit Testing and Certification
		3.1 National Railway Testing Center
		3.2 Shanghai Shentong Rail Transit Inspection and Certification
		3.3 China General Certification Center
	4 Discussion on Testing and Certification
	References
Research on Intelligent Intrusion Detection System Model for Train Network Based on TCN
	1 Introduction
	2 Time Domain Convolutional Network Architecture
	3 Construction of an Intelligent Intrusion Detection System Model
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Model Building
		3.3 Model Training and Parameter Determining
	4 Experiment and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Reliability Analysis of Circuit Board Based on Probability Box Failure Physical Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Metamodeling and Simulation of On-Board Circuit Board
		2.1 Finite Element Simulation of Circuit Boards Under Random Vibration Loading
		2.2 Thermal Simulation of Circuit Boards
	3 Component Level Reliability Analysis of Circuit Boards Based on Probability Boxes
		3.1 Solder Joint
		3.2 Sheet Resistance
		3.3 Capacitance
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Turnout Anomaly Detection Method Based on Kernel-Aligned Mixed Kernel Function SVDD
	1 Introduction
	2 A Switch Anomaly Detection Model Based on Kernel Alignment Hybrid Kernel Function SVDD
		2.1 Research on Constructing Turnout Feature Vector Based on Adaptive Curve Segmentation and mRMR
		2.2 Research on Constructing Turnout Feature Vector Based on Adaptive Curve Segmentation and mRMR
	3 Anomaly Detection Model Experiment
		3.1 Experimental Evaluation Settings
		3.2 Experiment on Constructing Turnout Feature Vectors Based on Adaptive Curve Segmentation and mRMR
		3.3 Experiment on Switch Anomaly Detection Based on Kernel Alignment Hybrid Kernel Function SVDD
	4 Conclusion
	References
Wave Propagation in the Overhead Conductor Rail System
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling and Calculation Procedures
		2.1 Finite Element Model of the OCR
		2.2 Initial State of the OCR
		2.3 Calculation of Wave Propagation
	3 Wave Propagation Process
	4 Wave Propagation Speed
	5 Conclusion
	References
Overview of Traction System Testing Indicators for Rail Transit Equipment
	1 Introduction
	2 Traction System
	3 Traction System Testing
		3.1 No-Load Test
		3.2 Load Test
		3.3 Temperature Rise Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Noise Testing Methods and Indicators for Transport Equipment
	1 Preface
	2 Overview of Research Methods at Home and Abroad
		2.1 Traction Noise
		2.2 Aerodynamic Noise
		2.3 Wheel Rail Noise
	3 Test Methods and Indicators
		3.1 Noise Generating Parts
		3.2 High Speed Train Noise Test Method
		3.3 Noise Test of Passenger Train
		3.4 Noise Test of Maglev Train and Freight Train
	4 Summary
	References
Research on Testing Methods for Urban Rail Transit Braking Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Research Methods at Home and Abroad
	3 Testing Methods
		3.1 Urban Rail Vehicle Braking System Test Platform
		3.2 Urban Rail Vehicle Braking System Braking Modes
		3.3 Urban Rail Vehicle Braking System Brake Testing
	4 Conclusion
	References
Power Flow Calculation of Vehicle Network Coupling in Traction Power Supply System
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Simulation Test of at Traction Network
		2.1 Model of Traction Transformer and Autotransformer
		2.2 Full Parallel at Traction Network Model
	3 Electric Locomotive Model
	4 Power Flow Calculation Based on Vehicle Network Coupling
	5 Example Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Data Augmentation of Aerial Traffic Images Based on Optimal Transport Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Work
		2.1 Image Generative Models
		2.2 Optimal Transport
	3 Autoencoder-Optimal Transport Model
		3.1 Model Structure
		3.2 Autoencoder Model
		3.3 Semi-discrete Optimal Transport Mapping
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of the EMU Switching Overvoltage During Pantograph Raising Base on Multiple Re-strikes Arc Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Establishment of Pantograph Arc Model During Pantograph Raising
		2.1 ARC Model
		2.2 Calculation Flow of Pantograph Raising Arc Re-strike
	3 Pntograph Rising Process Simulation Model
		3.1 Arc Simulation Model
		3.2 Arc Model Verification
	4 Analysis of the Overvoltage Result Caused by Pantograph Arc
		4.1 Analysis of the Influence of Arc on Voltage During During Pantograph Raising Process
		4.2 Analysis of Arc in the Pantograph Raising Process
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Environmental Monitoring System for Subway Machine Room
	1 Introduction
	2 Systems Design
	3 Hardware Design
		3.1 STM32 Main Control Circuit Design
		3.2 Temperature and Humidity Detection Module Circuit Design
		3.3 Smoke Detection Module Circuit Design
		3.4 Key Module Circuit Design
		3.5 LCD Module Circuit Design
		3.6 4G Wireless Module Circuit Design
	4 Software Design
	5 System Testing
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Application of Rigid-Flex Printed Circuit Board in Special Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction to Flexible Printed Circuit Boards
	3 Design and Application of Rigid-Flex Circuit Boards in Special Vehicles
		3.1 Cable Replacement
		3.2 Circuit Integration
		3.3 Elastic Installation
	4 Key Design Considerations for Rigid-Flex Circuit Boards
		4.1 Flexibility Considerations
		4.2 Structural Design Considerations
		4.3 Wire Selection Considerations
	5 Characteristics of Assembly Process for Rigid-Flex PCBs
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic Performance of High-Speed United Type Transition Section
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Pantograph-Catenary System Including United Type Transition Section
	3 The Influence of United Type Transition Section and Train Speed on Pantograph-OCR Dynamic Interaction
	4 Interaction Performance and Optimization with Different Cut Depths of United Type Transition Section
		4.1 The Design of Three Types Cut Sections of United Type Transition Section
		4.2 Dynamic Performance Analysis and Optimization
	5 Conclusion
	References
Vehicle Safety Braking Model Based on Cyber-Physical System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description and Strategy Model Improvement
		2.1 System Description
		2.2 Simulation Process
		2.3 Control Strategy
		2.4 Strategy Model Improvement
	3 Braking Simulation Experiment Based on Cyber-Physical System
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fundamental-Frequency Positive/Negative-Sequence Detection Under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Voltage Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 The Principle of MAF
	3 Extraction of Fundamental Wave and Its Orthogonal Component Based on MAF
	4 Extract Positive/Negative Sequence bty MAF-DSOGI-FLL
	5 Simulation Analysis
	6 Experimental Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Application of Digital Verification Technology in Brake System
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Status of Brake System Test
	3 Application of Digital Verification Technology
		3.1 Numerical Simulation Verification Technology
		3.2 Semi-physical Simulation Verification Technology
	4 Outlook
	References
Real-Time Simulation of Traction Step-Down Transformer-Uncontrolled Rectifier Based on FPGA
	1 Introduction
	2 Working Principle of Traction Step-Down Transformer-Uncontrolled Rectifier
	3 Design of Real-Time Simulation System Based on FPGA
		3.1 System Solution Design
		3.2 Hardware System Composition
	4 Experiment and Analysis
		4.1 Introduction to the Experimental Platform
		4.2 Analysis of Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Optimal Adhesion Control of High-Speed Train Based on Extremum Seeking Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Model of High-Speed Train and Wheel-Track Adhesion Characteristics
		2.1 Single-Axle Dynamic Model
		2.2 Adhesion Characteristic Curve
	3 Optimal Adhesion Control Based on Extremum Seeking Algorithm
		3.1 Design of Full-Dimensional State Observer
		3.2 Extremum Seeking Algorithm
		3.3 Design of Equivalent Sliding Mode Torque Controller
		3.4 Optimal Adhesion Control Flow Chart Based on Extremum Seeking Algorithm
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experimental Parameters
		4.2 Experimental Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Requirement Management of Railway Vehicle Design Based on MBSE
	1 Introduction
	2 Application Background
	3 MBSE-Based Railway Vehicle Design Requirements Management Methods
		3.1 Requirements Development
		3.2 Requirements Management
		3.3 Requirements Management Tools
	4 Requirements Management Example
		4.1 Magic Requirements Definition
		4.2 TRM/TRY Platform Import
		4.3 Versioning, Review and Change
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Safe Vision Method for Train Positioning
	1 Introduction
	2 The Framework of the Safety Train Visual Positioning Approach
	3 A Deep Learning-Based Kilometer Posts Recognizing Method
		3.1 YOLO v5 for Kilometer Post Detection
		3.2 CRNN for Kilometer Post Content Recognition
	4 A Safety Monitor for Detecting Incorrect Recognitions
	5 Experiment and Results
		5.1 Experimental Setup and Model Training
		5.2 Evaluation Index
		5.3 Analysis of the Experiment Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on Electrical Characteristics of Interconnected Power Supply System of Traction Substation Group
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of the System of Traction Substation Group Based on AT Power Supply Mode
	3 Establishment of System Equivalent Model
		3.1 Establishment of Power System Equivalent Model
		3.2 The Equivalent Model of the Interconnected Power Supply System of the Traction Substation Group
	4 Case Analysis
		4.1 System Equivalent Impedance
		4.2 Power Distribution and Voltage Loss Under Single-Train Condition
		4.3 System Power Distribution and Voltage Loss Under Multi-train and Multi-operating Conditions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Current Status and Development Trend of Experimental Verification Technology of Traction Drive System
	1 Preface
	2 Current Status of Applications
		2.1 International Development Status
		2.2 Domestic Development Status
		2.3 Development Trend
	References
Research of Integration and Simulation Technology for Multi-source Heterogeneous Models of Trains
	1 Research Background
	2 Technology Roadmap
	3 Application of Multi-source Heterogeneous Model Integration and Simulation Technology
		3.1 Architecture of Electrical Control Simulation Model for Door System
		3.2 Door System Performance Model
		3.3 Door Control System Model
		3.4 Motor Control Model
		3.5 3D Model and Visual Simulation of Car Doors
		3.6 Simulation Testing of Door System Performance
		3.7 Simulation and Verification of Door System Functions Based on ControlBuild Software
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of CBTC Real-Time Simulation System Based on FPGA
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation System Architecture
		2.1 Digital System Architecture
		2.2 Hardware Selection
	3 Modeling of CBTC System
		3.1 Modeling of the Train Control Center
		3.2 Modeling of The Station Subsystem
		3.3 Modeling of Vehicle On-Board Controller
		3.4 Modeling of Trackside Equipments
	4 Real-Time Simulation System Integration
	5 Verification of Simulation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Digital Simulation Study of the Pantograph-Catenary
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Methods
		2.1 Pantograph Model
		2.2 Catenary Model
		2.3 Pantograph-Catenary Model
	3 Simulation Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Electromagnetic Tri-Stable Energy Harvester for Freight Train Condition Maintenance
	1 Introduction
	2 Harvester Design and Operating Principle
	3 Finite Element Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Experiment Setup
		4.2 Performance Test
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Moving Obstacles Detection Method Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Obstacle Detection Using Image Processing
		2.2 Obstacle Detection Using Radar
	3 Methodology
		3.1 3D FFT
		3.2 DBSCAN
		3.3 Velocity Filtering Algorithm
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Hardware and Software Platform
		4.2 Real-World Scenario Testing
		4.3 Evaluation Metrics
		4.4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Feasibility Analysis of RT-DETR in the Context of Foreign Object Intrusion at Railway Boundaries
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Algorithm Overview
		2.2 Dataset
		2.3 Evaluating Indicator
		2.4 Environmental Construction
		2.5 Train
	3 Conclusion and Analysis
		3.1 FPS
		3.2 Accuracy Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Review of Research Intrusion Monitoring Technology for Railway Carrier Equipment
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Principle of Object Detection Algorithm
		2.2 Transformer-Based Target Detection Algorithm
	3 Dataset and Algorithm Performance Evaluation Metrics
		3.1 Perimeter Intrusion Image Sample Library Construction
		3.2 Performance Evaluation Indicators
	4 Conclusions
	References
Application of 10G Ethernet Communication in Train Autonomous Control System of Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 Architecture Design of Trusted Network System
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Gigabit Ethernet Communication Test Platform
		3.2 Data Transmission Process
		3.3 Simulation and Experimental Test Verification
	4 Conclusions
	References
MBSE Development Process of Urban Rapid Train Based on DODAF
	1 Preface
	2 Process and Method of Architectural Model
	3 The MBSE Design Process of Urban Express
		3.1 Requirements Capture and Functional Analysis
		3.2 Functional Modeling
		3.3 Executable Model of EMU
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Evaluation Method for Autonomous Combat Effectiveness of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System
	1 Introduction
	2 The Concept Connotation of Autonomous Combat Effectiveness of UAVs
	3 Evaluation Model for Autonomous Combat Effectiveness of UAVs
		3.1 The Main Method of Autonomous Evaluation in the United States
		3.2 The Main Independent Evaluation Method in China
	4 Research Status and Development Suggestions
		4.1 Research Status
		4.2 Development Advice
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Train Traction System for EMU Based on MBSE
	1 Introduction
	2 Traction System Design Process
	3 Example of Traction System Functional Prototype Construction
		3.1 Requirement Analysis Model
		3.2 Function Analysis Model
		3.3 Logical Architecture Analysis Model
		3.4 Physical Architecture Analysis Model
	4 Conclusion
	References
Adversarial Adaptation Based on Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Network for RUL Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 The BDTCN and the Adversarial Adaptation Training Strategy
		2.1 Proposed BDTCN
		2.2 Adversarial Adaptation Training for BDTCN
	3 Experimental Results and Analysis
		3.1 Data Description
		3.2 Ablation Experiments
		3.3 Comparison with Existing Methods
	4 Conclusion
	References
Vibration Analyze of High Speed Train Carriage During Special Running Condition
	1 Introduction
	2 Special Running Section
		2.1 Bridges, Switch Sections
		2.2 Tunnel, Culvert Section
		2.3 Cross Wind, Meeting Section
	3 Vibration Acceleration Signal Acquisition
	4 Vibration Signal Analysis
		4.1 Time-Frequency Transformation
		4.2 Vibration Analysis of Special Sections
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on Multi-AGV Task Allocation for Warehousing in Railway Logistics Park Based on Improved CBBA Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modelling of Warehouse AGV Task Assignment
		2.1 Problem Description and Model Assumptions
		2.2 Multi-AGV Warehouse Task Assignment Modelling
	3 AGV Task Allocation Method Based on Improved CBBA Algorithm
		3.1 Basic CBBA Algorithm
		3.2 Improved CBBA Algorithm
	4 Simulation Experiment and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Vibration Characteristics of High-Speed Train Axle Box Bearing with Raceway Defects Considering Track Irregularity
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamics Model of the Vehicle-Track System
		2.1 Vehicle Model
		2.2 Track Model
		2.3 Wheel-Rail Interactions
	3 Simulation and Discussion
		3.1 Vibration Signal in Time and Frequency Domain
		3.2 Statistical Indicators of Vibration Signal at Different Running Speeds
	4 Conclusion
	References
Enabling Safety Guarantees of Urban Rail Transit: A New Digital Twin Framework for Data-Model Driven Track Condition Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Digital Twin Model Construction
		2.2 Data-Simulation Driven Track Condition Diagnosis
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Experiment Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Multi-scale Siamese Network for Few-Shot Fault Diagnosis of Bogie Component
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks
		2.2 Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Networks
		2.3 Siamese Networks
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Multi-scale Siamese Network
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Datasets and Evaluation Metric
		4.2 Experimental Results and Visual Analysis
		4.3 Ablation Experiments
	5 Conclusion
	References
Methods and Indexes for Testing the Safety Status of Transportation Equipment
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Research Methodology
	3 Safety Condition Test Methods and Indicators
		3.1 Types of Test Methods
		3.2 Test Means
		3.3 Safety Status Test Indicators
	4 Summary and Prospects
	References
Fault Mechanism and System Structure of In-Transit Vehicles Safety Condition Monitoring in Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 Past Studies at Home and Abroad
		2.1 Rail Train Analysis
		2.2 Related Techniques
	3 In-Transit Safety Condition Monitoring
		3.1 Fault Mechanism of the Running Gear Bearing
		3.2 In-Transit Safety Condition Monitoring System Structure
	4 Summary
	References
Author Index