Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2023: Rail ... Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1137)

Contents
Study on the Compilation of Train Diagram and Transportation Capacity of Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 Technical Route
	3 Process Exploration
		3.1 Calculation of Cross-Sectional Passenger Flow
		3.2 Division of Working Day Periods
		3.3 Determination of Train Formation Plan
		3.4 Preparation of A Full Day Driving Plan
		3.5 Determination of Train Stop Time
		3.6 Determination of Interval Operation Time
		3.7 Determination of Train Turnback Time
		3.8 Preparation of Vehicle Allocation Plan
	4 Preparation of Train Diagram
		4.1 Exploration of Train Transportation Capacity
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on High-Speed Railway Timetable Rescheduling Based on Genetic Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition of Problem
	3 Model Construction
		3.1 Model Parameters & Decision Variables
		3.2 Model Construction
	4 Model Solving
	5 Example Analysis
		5.1 Example Description
		5.2 Delay Condition Setting
		5.3 Analysis of Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Optimization Method of Suburban Railway Stopping Scheme Under the Need of Running Multiple Train Types
	1 Introduction
	2 Model
		2.1 Model Assumption
		2.2 Indices and Parameters
		2.3 Modeling
	3 Algorithm
		3.1 Algorithm Description
		3.2 Heuristic Factor Construction
		3.3 Pheromone Update Rules
		3.4 Target Conversion Rules
		3.5 Algorithm Steps
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Related Data
		4.2 The Calculation of Stopping Scheme
	5 Conclusion
	References
Urban Rail Transit Track Area Extraction Using LiDAR
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 The On-Board Active Obstacle Detection Technology
		2.2 LiDAR-Based Track Area Extraction Method
	3 Feasibility Analysis and Process
		3.1 Feasibility Analysis of Track Area Extraction Based on References
		3.2 Track Area Extraction Method Based on References
	4 Track Area Extraction Method Based on References
		4.1 Data Pre-processing
		4.2 Border Points Selection Based on Fixed-Length Segmentation
		4.3 Border Points Clustering Based on DBSCAN
		4.4 Border Curve Fitting Based on Least Squares
		4.5 Track Area Extraction Based on the Prior Knowledge of Urban Rail Transit
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Experimental Environment
		5.2 Result and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Evaluating First-Train-Timetable-Network Performance in Urban Rail Transit with Percolation Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Temporal Network and Its Metrics
		2.2 Percolation Theory in Transportation Network
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Construction of FTTN Model
		3.2 Metrics of URT Network Performance
	4 Cases Study
		4.1 Data Description
		4.2 Percolation Transition in FTTN
		4.3 Performance Assessment of FTTN
	5 Conclusions
	References
Probabilistic Power Flow Analysis of All-Parallel AT Traction Power Supply System
	1 Introduction
	2 Power Flow Calculation Model of the Real Train-Network System
		2.1 Train Traction Load Model Based on Traction Calculation
		2.2 Modeling of All-Parallel aT Traction Power Supply System
	3 Probabilistic Power Flow Algorithm for All-Parallel aT Traction Power Supply System
		3.1 Probability Model of Train Traction Load
		3.2 Probabilistic Power Flow Algorithm Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Train Traction Calculation
		4.2 Probabilistic Power Flow Calculating Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fully Automatic Dispatch of Coupling and Uncoupling Based on Interoperable Flexible Formation
	1 Introduction
	2 Identification of Flexible Formation Coupling Trains
	3 Definition of Coupling and Uncoupling in Timetable
	4 The Dispatch Process of Fully Automatic Coupling and Uncoupling
		4.1 The Dispatch Process of Coupling
		4.2 The Dispatch Process of Uncoupling
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Soil Potential Distribution Caused by Metro Stray Current
	1 Introduction
	2 Ground Grid Reflux Model
	3 Line Modeling Methods
	4 Factors Affecting the Distribution of Soil Potential
		4.1 The Influence of Rail DC Resistance on Siol Potential Distribution
		4.2 The Influence of Rail-Ground Transition Resistance on Soil Potential Distribution
		4.3 The Influence of Soil Resistivity on the Distribution of Soil Potential Distribution
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Hybrid Hub-and-Spoke Transportation Network of High-Speed Rail Express
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Model Formulation
		3.1 Model Assumption
		3.2 Optimization Model
	4 Numerical Experiment
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Train Operation Control Based on Soft Actor-Critic Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Train Operation Trajectory Control Problem
	3 Deep Reinforcement Learning Methodology
	4 Experimentation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Rolling Element Localized Fault Diagnosis Method for Train Bearings Based on Orthogonal Bi-axial Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Traditional Single-Axis SGMD Algorithm
		2.2 Improved Orthogonal Biaxial SGMD Algorithm
	3 Verification of Equal Scale Bogie Model in Laboratory
		3.1 Introduction of Experimental Equipment
		3.2 Setting of Experimental Conditions
		3.3 Verifying Regional Roller Faults
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Hybrid EMUs and Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy
	1 Fi Introduction
	2 Hybrid EMUs Model
		2.1 Diesel Generator Set
		2.2 DC/DC and Battery Pack
		2.3 Traction System
	3 Optimal Control of Energy Management
		3.1 Diesel Generator Speed Control
		3.2 Droop Control of Power Battery Pack
	4 Simulation Result
	5 Summarize
	References
Research on Parameter Sensitivity About Singular Characteristics of Contact Force of High-Speed Railway
	1 Introduction
	2 The Coupled Pantograph -Catenary Model
	3 The Method for Extracting Singular Signal
	4 Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for the Singular Characteristics of CFPC
		4.1 Sobol Method
		4.2 Sensitivity Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Risk Factors of Streetcar Intersections Based on the FISM Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Status of Jiaxing Streetcar
		2.1 Current Status of Jiaxing Streetcar Planning and Construction
		2.2 Typical Accidents of Jiaxing Streetcar
		2.3 Example of Intersection
	3 Study of the Risk Factors of Streetcar Intersections
		3.1 Identification of Risk Factors of Streetcar Intersections
		3.2 Development of the FISM Model
	4 Conclusion and Suggestion
	References
A Method for Optimizing the Configuration of Fuel Cell Hybrid Trains
	1 Introduction
	2 A Joint Optimization-Based Configuration Method
		2.1 Establishment of Constraints
		2.2 Total Cost Optimization Function
		2.3 Joint Optimization Method
		2.4 Optimization Results
	3 Conclusion
	References
Magnetic Levitation System Control Based on Improved LADRC
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction of Magnetic Levitation Ball System
		2.1 Establishment of Mathematical Model for Magnetic Levitation Ball System
	3 Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control
		3.1 LADRC Controller Design
	4 Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm
		4.1 Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm
	5 LADRC is Optimized by Improving Sparrow Search Algorithm
		5.1 LADRC is Optimized by Improving Sparrow Search Algorithm
	6 Simulation Analysis
		6.1 Simulation Analysis
	7 Experimental Verification
	8 Conclusion
	References
Synergia Evaluation of Multi-type Rail Transit Operation Oriented to the Four-Railway-Network Integration
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-type Rail Transit Networks
	3 Synergy Evaluation of Multi-type Rail Transit
		3.1 Synergy Pattern of Standalone Operation
		3.2 Synergy Pattern of Service Integration
		3.3 Synergy Pattern of Cross-line Operation
		3.4 Synergy Pattern of Regional Collaboration
		3.5 Indicator Structure for Synergy Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development Status, Main Issues, and Policy Suggestions for Transportation Science Popularization Bases
	1 Introduction
	2 Development Status of Transportation Science Popularization Bases
		2.1 Overall Situation of Science Popularization Bases
		2.2 Resources and Conditions of Science Popularization Bases
		2.3 Popular Science Activities Implementation
		2.4 Popular Science Works and Publicity Channels
	3 Main Issues in the Development of Transportation Science Popularization Bases
		3.1 Insufficient Understanding of the Importance of Science Popularization Bases, and the Need for Strengthened Policy and Financial Support
		3.2 Insufficient Total Number of Science Popularization Bases, and Uneven Development Among Regions
		3.3 The Means of Popular Science Exhibitions Are Single, and the Ability to Provide Popular Science Services Needs to Be Improved
		3.4 The Total Number of Popular Science Personnel is Insufficient, and the Overall Quality Needs Improvement
		3.5 Popular Science Activities Lack Distinctive Features, and There Are Fewer Branded Events
		3.6 Popular Science Creation Capabilities Need to Be Improved, and an Atmosphere for Active Creation Has not yet Formed
	4 Policy Recommendations for Accelerating the Development of Transportation Science Popularization Bases
		4.1 Strengthen the Mission of Science Popularization Development and Enhance the Recognition of the Importance of Science Popularization Bases
		4.2 Optimize the Macro-Layout of Science Popularization Bases and Achieve Balanced Development of Science Popularization Public Services
		4.3 Promote the Innovative Development of Science Popularization Bases and Comprehensively Improve the Science Popularization Service Capabilities
		4.4 Strengthen the Construction of a Popular Science Talent Team and Improve the Volunteer Service System
		4.5 Enhance the Development of Popular Science Resources and Create Distinctive Popular Science Brands
		4.6 Optimize the Recognition of National Transportation Science Popularization Bases and Scientifically Guide the Comprehensive Development of Industry Science Popularization Bases
	References
Simulation-Based Resource Allocation for Railway Container Terminals
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Principle
		2.1 Design Idea
		2.2 Research Methodology
	3 Model Validation and Simulation Experiments
		3.1 Model Validation
		3.2 Simulation Experiments
	4 Innovative Features
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Virtual Coupling Technology for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Delay
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Modeling
		3.1 Train Dynamics Model
		3.2 Model Predictive Control
		3.3 Communication Model
	4 Simulation Analysis
		4.1 Virtual Coupling Simulation
		4.2 Communication Delay Simulation
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimizing Train Platform Allocation in Busy Complex Passenger Stations with Fixed Track Utilization Scheme
	1 Introduction
	2 Ttp Model Formulation
		2.1 Notations
		2.2 Objectives
		2.3 Constrains
	3 GA Algorithm for TPP
	4 Numerical Experiments and Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Service Quality Evaluation for High-Speed Rail Express Transportation with EAHP
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluation System
		2.1 Business Process of HSR Express
		2.2 Establishing Evaluation System
	3 EAHP Model
		3.1 Build-up Judgment Matrix
		3.2 Calculate the Eigenvectors
		3.3 Determine the Hierarchical Single Sort Weights
		3.4 Calculate the Combination Weights for the Objectives
	4 HSR Express Service Quality Evaluation
		4.1 Constructing the Criterion Layer Judgment Matrix
		4.2 Constructing the Indicator Layer Judgment Matrix
		4.3 Final Ranking Weights
		4.4 Further Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Model Predictive Control Approach for Virtual-Coupling Train Operations Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
	1 Introduction
	2 Train Dynamics Model
	3 Model Predictive Controller Designed
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Developing Typical Disturbance Scenario Library for High-Speed Railways
	1 Introduction
	2 Causes of Disturbances of Railway Operations
		2.1 External Factors
		2.2 Internal Factors
	3 Developing Typical Disturbance Scene Library for High-Speed Railways
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Track Utilization Plan of High-Speed Railway Passenger Station Based on Offline Sorting
	1 Introduction
	2 Model
		2.1 Constraints
		2.2 Objective Function
		2.3 Off-Line Sorting Model of Parallel Machines
	3 Solution Algorithm
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Dispatching Rules
		3.3 Algorithm Description
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on the Evaluation Model of Urban Main Transformer DC Bias Caused by Metro Stray Current
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling and Analysis of DC Bias of Transformers Along the Line Caused by Metro Stray Current
		2.1 Coupling Model of Metro Stray Current and Magnetic Bias of Main Transformer in Urban Substation
		2.2 Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics of Stray Current in Urban Areas
	3 Evaluation Model for DC Bias of Main Transformers in Substations Along the Metro Line
		3.1 Simulation Model for Hysteresis Characteristics of Transformers
		3.2 Numerical Calculation of DC Component of Excitation Current
		3.3 Waveform Distortion Rate Offset
		3.4 Evaluation Indicators for the Impact of Transformer DC Bias
	4 Simulation Verification and Case Analysis
		4.1 Simulation Results of Transformer DC Bias Under Different Ground Potential Differences
		4.2 Evaluation Results of the Degree of Influence of DC Bias on Transformers
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Design of High-Speed Railway Express Space-Time Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Modeling Work
		3.1 Study Area
		3.2 Space-Time Network Construction
		3.3 Model Establishment
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Data Preparation
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimization Strategy of Arrival and Departure Tracks Distribution in China Railway Highspeed Express Based on Lateral Transshipment Between Trains
	1 Introduction
	2 Arrival and Departure Tracks Distribution Space-Time Network
		2.1 Arrival and Departure Tracks Distribution Problem
		2.2 Construction of Arrival and Departure Tracks Distribution Space-Time Network
	3 Model
		3.1 Assumption
		3.2 Model Construction
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Network Construction and Parameter Assignment
		4.2 Train Timetable and Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design on Hub-and-Spoke Network of High-Speed Railway Express Transport
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Principle
		3.1 Hub-and-Spoke Network
		3.2 Network Node Planning
	4 Methods
		4.1 Systematic Cluster Analysis
		4.2 K-means Cluster Algorithm
	5 Experiment: Design of Hub-and-Spoke Transportation Network for High-Speed Railway Express in North China
		5.1 Experimental Background
		5.2 Basic Data Preparation
		5.3 Hierarchical Division of Nodes Based on System Cluster Analysis
		5.4 Hierarchical Division of Nodes Based on K-means Cluster Algorithm
		5.5 Node Adjustment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Related Elements of Train-Cargo Matching Based on High-Speed Rail Express Transportation
	1 Introduction
	2 High-Speed Rail Freight Train Operation Mode
		2.1 Passenger Train Piggyback Mode
		2.2 Confirm Train Mode
		2.3 Mixed Mode
		2.4 High-Speed Rail Express Train Mode
		2.5 Comparative Analysis of Train Operation Mode
	3 Train-Cargo Matching for High-Speed Rail Express Operation Scheme
		3.1 Analysis of the Preparation Elements of High-Speed Rail Express Operation Scheme
		3.2 Matching Relationship Between Cargo and Train Operation Scheme
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Rolling Stock Scheduling for Multi-line Suburban Railways with Minimization of Deadhead Time. A Case Study of Wenzhou Suburban Rail Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Model Assumptions
		2.3 Model Notations
		2.4 Objective Functions
		2.5 Constraint Conditions
		2.6 Optimization Model for Suburban Railway Rolling Stock Utilization
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Turn Back and Depot Capacity
		3.3 Rolling Stock Optimization
	4 Conclusion
	References
Track Limit Detection Algorithm of Fully Automatic Train Based on Vision Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Algorithm Process
		3.2 Scene Recognition
		3.3 Adaptive Edge Detection
		3.4 Track Limit Extraction Based on Sliding Pane like
		3.5 Track Boundary Smoothing Based on Kalman Filter
	4 Experimental Verification
		4.1 Experimental Data
		4.2 Experimental Environment
		4.3 Analysis of Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Examining the Relationship Between Built Environment and Urban Rail Transit Inter-Cluster OD Passenger Flow
	1 Introduction
	2 Scope of Study and Variable Description
	3 Model Construction
		3.1 Clustering and Classifying Model
		3.2 GBRT Model
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Clustering Results and Classification Results
		4.2 Comparison Analysis Between Inter-Cluster OD and Inter-Station OD
		4.3 Analysis of the Relative Importance of Built Environment on Inter-Cluster OD Passenger Flow
		4.4 Nonlinear Impact Analysis of Built Environment on Inter-Cluster OD Passenger Flow
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on ATO Control Algorithm for Urban Rail Trains Considering Conversion Characteristics of Train Operating Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Train Operation Model
		2.1 Train Dynamic Equation
		2.2 Train Operation Conditions Conversion Characteristics
		2.3 Train Controller Design
	3 Simulation and Results Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design Method for Facility Location and Freight Flow Allocation of China Railway Highspeed Express
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Problem Description
	3 Modeling Study
		3.1 Symbol Setting
		3.2 Model Building
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Mutual Feed Response Model of Typical Disturbance and Dispatch Command in High-Speed Railway Express
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Importance
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Study on Capability Failure Adjustment
		2.2 Study on Capability Failure Modeling
	3 Mutual Feed Response Model Based on Space-Time Network
		3.1 Overview of Space-Time Networks
		3.2 Model Symbol
		3.3 Model Construction
	4 Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Energy-Saving Optimization Study of Train Timetable Based on Regenerative Braking Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy-Saving Optimization Model of Train Timetable
		2.1 Problem Description and Model Assumptions
		2.2 Notation Definition
		2.3 Decision Variable
		2.4 Constraint Condition
		2.5 Objective Function
	3 Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Embedded with Harmonic Search
		3.1 Genetic Algorithm Coding Method
		3.2 Genetic Operators
		3.3 Population Update Based on Harmony Search
		3.4 Constraints Handling
	4 Example Analysis and Discuss
	5 Conclusion
	References
Dynamics Simulation Model of Pantograph and Conductor Rail in Electrified Railway and Its Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 The Finite Element Model of Pantograph and Conductor Tracks
		2.2 Numerical Integration Process
	3 Application of the Simulation Model
	4 Conclusions
	References
Multi-level Simulation Modeling Technology for Urban Rail Traction Power Supply System
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Design Framework
	3 Basic Principles of Modeling
		3.1 System Level Modeling
		3.2 Station Level Modeling
	4 Interaction of Multi-level Models
		4.1 Principle of Multi-level Interaction
		4.2 Methods of Multi-level Interaction
		4.3 Simulation Verification
	5 Interface Design
		5.1 Component Library
		5.2 Operation Interface Design
	6 Conclusion
	References
Embedding Group Operation Control Strategy into Heavy Haul Railway Transportation
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerous Operational Control Challenges
	3 Inefficient Transportation
	4 Insufficient Transportation Capacity
	5 Overall Technical Scheme
		5.1 Continuous Train Positioning Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion
		5.2 Heavy Haul Train Integrity Monitor Technology
		5.3 Trackside Control Technology
		5.4 Virtual Coupling Technology
	6 Group Operation Control Strategy
	7 Typical Scenario Simulation
	8 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Container Trucks Scheduling Strategy for Container Terminals Based on Station-Truck Interconnection
	1 Background
	2 Design Principle
	3 Station-Truck Interconnection APP Design
	4 Container Terminal Operation Scheduling Simulation System
		4.1 Simulation Modeling Software
		4.2 Mentality of Designing
		4.3 Modeling Steps
	5 Dynamic Adjustment Algorithm for Container Truck
	6 Conclusion
	References
Continual Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Under Variable Working Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Continual Learning
		2.2 Continual Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Overview of the Proposed Method
		3.2 Maximum Mean Discrepancy
		3.3 Prototype Cosine Similarity Classifier
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Comparison with Relevant Methods
	5 Conclusion
	References
Energy Minimization for Low-Latency Downlink Rate Splitting Multiple Access
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model and Problem Formulation
		2.1 System Model
		2.2 RSMA Transmission Schame
		2.3 Problem Formulation
	3 Task Scheme Efficient
		3.1 Problem Reformulation
		3.2 Successive Convex Approximation
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Passenger Flow on Urban Rail Transit Under Train Failure Scenarios
	1 Introduction
	2 Passenger Route Choice Model
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Passenger Behavior Characteristics in Fault Scenario
		2.3 Passenger Route Assignment
	3 Simulation of Passenger Flow Distribution
		3.1 Agent Attributes
		3.2 Framework of Multi-Agent Simulation
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Case Background and Parameter Value
		4.2 Model Validity Verification
		4.3 Passenger Flow Distribution Characteristics
	5 Conclusion
	References
Influence Analysis of the Metro Nstray Current on AC Power Grid Based on Surface Potential Gradient
	1 Introduction
	2 Metro Stray Current Distribution Model Based on Resistance Network
	3 Calculation Method of Surface Potential Gradient Caused by Metro Stray Current
	4 Study on the Influence of Metro Train Operating Conditions on Surface Potential Distribution
	5 Conclusion
	References
Can China’s Carbon Market Pilot Cope with Uncertainty Shocks?
	1 Introduction
	2 Comparative Analysis
		2.1 Data Collection and Compilation
		2.2 Comparative Analysis
	3 Empirical Analysis
		3.1 Variable and Data Description
		3.2 Selection of Analytical Methods
		3.3 Analysis Process
		3.4 Analysis Conclusion
	4 Recommendations
		4.1 Reduce the Concentration of Trading and Appropriately Postpone the Contract Deadline
		4.2 Emphasize the Analysis of Uncertainty Shocks
		4.3 Implement Multiple Measures to Expand the Carbon Market Size
	References
Research on Travel Route Recommendation of Urban Rail Transit Based on Passenger Portrait
	1 Introduction
	2 Establishment of Portrait System
	3 Urban Rail Travel Route Recommendation
		3.1 Space Vector Model Theory
		3.2 Feature Vector Extraction
		3.3 Generate Recommendations Based on Similarity
	4 Case Analysis
		4.1 Portrait Depiction of Passengers
		4.2 Travel Plan Recommendation
	5 Summary and Prospect
	References
Urban Rail Train Diagram Compilation for Unbalanced Passenger Flow
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of Train Diagram Compilation
		2.1 Model Assumptions
		2.2 Objective Function
		2.3 Decision Variable
		2.4 Constraint Condition
	3 Bi-Level Optimization Algorithm
		3.1 The Framework of Bi-Level Optimization Algorithm
		3.2 Simulation-Based Conflict Resolution
	4 Case Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 Data
		4.2 Results
		4.3 Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on Application Technology of Virtual Coupling Based on Adaptive Tracking
	1 Introduction
	2 The Technology of Virtual Coupling
		2.1 Description of Virtual Coupling Process
		2.2 Main Application Scenarios
	3 A Virtual Coupling Control Algorithm Based on Adaptive Tracking
		3.1 Minimum Tracking Distance Model
		3.2 Adaptive Tracking Algorithm
	4 Test Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Collaborative Optimization of Passenger Flow Control and Train Skip-Stopping in Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling
		2.1 Model Assumptions
		2.2 Model Construction
	3 Algorithm Design
		3.1 Ingredients Construction of Deep Learning
		3.2 Construction of Simulation Environment
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Experimental Background
		4.2 Experimental Environment Construction and Parameter Setting
		4.3 Experimental Result
		4.4 Optimal Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Wall-Attached Antenna Distance on Channel in Tunnel Scenario
	1 Introduction
	2 Scenario Model and Simulation Configuration
		2.1 Scenario and Train Model Building
		2.2 Simulation Configuration
	3 Simulation Results and Analysis
		3.1 Received Power and Path Loss
		3.2 K-Factor
		3.3 RMS Delay Spread
	4 Conclusion
	References
Do High-Speed Railway Inhibit Earnings Management?
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Hypothesis
		2.1 Opening of High-Speed Rail and Earnings Management
		2.2 High-Speed Rail and Surplus Management: Urban Administrative Level
	3 Research Design
		3.1 The Degree of Earnings Management
		3.2 Multiple Regression Design
		3.3 Sample Selection and Data Sources
	4 Analysis of Empirical Results
		4.1 Univariate Analysis
		4.2 Multiple Regression Analysis
	5 Research Conclusions
	References
Modeling of Spatial Transfer of Affected Passengers to and from Stations Under Delayed Urban Rail Trains
	1 Introduction
	2 Factors Affecting Passenger Travel Under Train Delay Conditions
	3 Spatio-Temporal Expansion Network Under Train Delay Conditions
		3.1 Physical Network Model
		3.2 Spatio-Temporal Network Construction
	4 Spatial Transfer Model for Affected Passengers Entering and Leaving the Station
		4.1 Spatio-Temporal Path Search Algorithm
		4.2 Inbound and Outbound Station Spatial Transfer Probabilities
	5 Case Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of Parallel Auxiliary Converter with Different Capacity Based on Flexible Marshalling EMUs
	1 Introduction
	2 Flexible Marshalling Auxiliary Power Supply System
	3 Design of Parallel Auxiliary Converter with Different Capacity
		3.1 Principle of Droop Control
		3.2 Power Distribution Analysis
		3.3 Adaptive Improved Droop Control Strategy
	4 Simulation and Test Verification
		4.1 Matlab Simulation
		4.2 Test Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Collaborative Optimization of Train Scheduling and Passenger Flow Control with Adjustable Dwell Time on a Congested Metro Line
	1 Introduction
	2 Formulation and Linearization
		2.1 Notations and Decision Variable
		2.2 Mathematical Model
	3 Numerical Experiments
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Risk Factors of Railway Trespassing Accidents Based on Multinomial Logit Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Preparation
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Trespassing Risk Analysis Framework
		3.2 Independent Variable: Contributing Factors
		3.3 Dependent Variable: Casualties
		3.4 Multinomial Logit Model
	4 Result
		4.1 Descriptive Statistics Results
		4.2 Model Estimation Results
		4.3 Suggestion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Indoor Navigation Scheme Based on Bluetooth Low Energy
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Indoor Navigation Method
		2.1 RSSI Ranging Model and Noise Reduction Processing
		2.2 Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Maximum Likelihood Method
		2.3 Floyd’s Shortest Parking Path Algorithm Based on BRP Function
	3 Design of Indoor Navigation System
		3.1 Demand Analysis
		3.2 System Development
		3.3 Deployment Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Optimal Coupling and Uncoupling Position Decision of Flexible Marshalling of Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The State-of-the-Art on the Position in Flexible Marshalling
		1.2 The Contributions of This Paper
	2 Model
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Model Formulation
		2.3 Computational Procedure
	3 Experimental Validation
		3.1 Actual Engineering Line and Passenger Flow Data
		3.2 Parameter Setting and Performance Evaluation
		3.3 Simulation Results
		3.4 Scenarios Analysis
	4 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Large-Scale Language Models for PHM in Railway Systems - Potential Applications, Limitations, and Solutions
	1 Introduction
	2 Large-Scale Language Models
	3 Potential Applications of LLMs in Railway Systems
	4 Limitations and Solutions
		4.1 Limitations of LLM in Railway Systems
		4.2 Solutions of LLM in Railway Systems
		4.3 Future Directions of LLM in Railway Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Adaptive Fourier Decomposition Method for Gear Fault Diagnosis of Railway Vehicle in the Non-stationary Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Principle
		2.1 Computational Order Tracking
		2.2 Fourier Mode Decomposition
		2.3 Fourier Mode Decomposition Entropy
		2.4 Weighted Kurtosis
	3 Adaptive Fourier Mode Decomposition
	4 Simulation Signal Analysis
	5 Experimental Signal Analysis
		5.1 Experimental Description
		5.2 Traction Condition Signal Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Short-Term Passenger Flow Prediction for Urban Rail Based on Improved EEMD-Ensemble Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Foundation
		2.1 Mode Decomposition
		2.2 Ensemble Learning
		2.3 Overall Model Structure
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Passenger Flow Data Processing
		3.2 Analysis of Model Results
		3.3 Model Prediction Result Comparison
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Train Delay Forecast of High-Speed Railway Based on Data Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Algorithm Design
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 RNN Based Train Delay Prediction Model
	3 Example Verification
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Factors Influencing Decision-Making Behavior for Evacuation Path Selection of Personnel Inside Subway Station
	1 Introduction
	2 Evacuation Path Selection Strategies
	3 Cognitive Map Construction
	4 Questionnaire Design
	5 Analysis of Influencing Factors
		5.1 The Influence of Gender
		5.2 The Influence of Age
		5.3 The Influence of Educational Level
		5.4 The Influence of Visual Acuity
		5.5 The Influence of Emergency Knowledge Level
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research and Simulation of Multi-objective Optimization of Urban Rail Train Automatic Driving System
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimization Objective Analysis
		2.1 Analysis on Automatic Driving Targets
		2.2 Dynamics Characteristics of the Train
		2.3 Algorithm Constraint
	3 Multi-objective Optimization Modeling and Algorithm Setting
		3.1 Multi-objective Optimization Modeling
		3.2 Algorithm Setting
	4 Simulation of Multi-objective Optimization
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research and Implementation of Video Intelligent Auxiliary Recognition System for Smart Stations in Urban Rail Transit
	1 Introduction
	2 System Functional Design
	3 System Structure Design
		3.1 System Framework
		3.2 System Software Architecture
	4 System Implementation
		4.1 Design of Video Access Module
		4.2 Design of Video Analysis Module
	5 Conclusion
	References
Establishment and Validation of a Model for Predicting Snow Drift Distance in Cold Area Tunnel
	1 Introduction
	2 Establishment of Prediction Model
		2.1 Influencing Factors of Drifting Snow Distance and Data Collection
		2.2 Data Processing and Analysis
		2.3 Predictive Model
	3 Fluent Simulation
		3.1 Three-Dimensional Scene Modeling
		3.2 Network Division and Defining Boundary Conditions
		3.3 Calculation Methods and Simulation Scenarios
	4 Fluent Simulation
	5 Fluent Simulation
	References
Evaluating Regional Rail Transit Safety: A Data-Driven Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Approach for Safety Evaluation
		2.1 Index System for Safety Evaluation of Regional Rail Transit
		2.2 Regional Rail Transit Safety Index
	3 Safety Evaluation Model
		3.1 Process of the Model Algorithm
		3.2 Safety Feature Recognition Submodel
		3.3 Safety Feature Determination Submodel
	4 Empirical Analysis
		4.1 Background Introduction
		4.2 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Variable Channelization and Signal Coordination of Level Crossing
	1 Introduction
	2 Variable Channelization and Signal Control Coordination System
		2.1 Design of Channelization Scheme
		2.2 Coordination and Cooperation Design of Main Pre signal Lights
	3 Design of Peak to Peak Conversion Threshold and VISSIM Evaluation
	4 VISSIM Simulation Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Safety Assessment Methods for Urban Rail Transit Operation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Safety Assessment
		2.2 Event Evolutionary Graph
		2.3 Bow-Tie Analysis
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Event Evolutionary Graph Based Bow-Tie Analysis
		3.2 Safety Assessment
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Data
		4.2 EEGBBTA
		4.3 Risk Assessment
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Optimization of the Adjustment Mechanism for the Allocation of Funds for Transferring Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products
	1 The Current System of Allocation Adjustment Mechanism of Transfer Payment of Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products
		1.1 Collection and Management Mechanism of Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products in China
		1.2 Transfer Payment Mechanism of Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products in China
	2 Analysis of the Transfer Payment Mechanism of Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products
	3 Suggestions for Optimizing the Allocation Adjustment Mechanism of Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products
		3.1 Maintain the Existing Basic System of Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products Unchanged, and Adjust the Calculation Method of Transfer Payment Funds
		3.2 Consumption Tax on Refined Oil Products Will Be Changed to Shared Tax
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Sparsity-Free Compressed Sensing Method for PHM Data Quality Assurance Using Generative Adversarial Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory of Compressive Sensing and Context Encoder
		2.1 Compressive Sensing
		2.2 Context Encoder
	3 Framework of Data Quality Assurance Method
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 CS-ECE Architecture
		3.3 Joint Loss Function
		3.4 Adversarial CS-ECE Training
	4 Engineering Application and Experiment
	5 Engineering Application and Experiment
	References
Author Index