Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2019: Rail Transportation ... Notes in Electrical Engineering, 639)

Contents
1 Research on Monitoring Technology of Pantograph Sliding Plate Abrasion Based on Sub-pixel Edge Extraction
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on Monitoring Technology of Pantograph Sliding Plate Abrasion Based on Sub-pixel Edge Extraction
		2.1 Edge Detection Algorithm
			2.1.1 Adaptive Canny Edge Detection Algorithm
			2.1.2 Sub-pixel Edge Extraction Algorithm
		2.2 Complete Residual Wear Curve Fusion Algorithm
	3 Testing and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
2 Partial Discharge Detection Technique Using Polar Coordinate Phase-Resolved Pattern in Rail Transportation Gas-Insulated Substation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Sample
	3 The Proposed PD Pattern
		3.1 The Propose Reasons
		3.2 The Plotting Method
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
3 Method of Wheel Out-of-Roundness Detection Based on POVMD and Multinuclear LS-SVM
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Algorithm
		2.1 POVMD Algorithm
		2.2 The Basic Principle of Multi-core LS-SVM
		2.3 Selection of Classifier and Kernel Function
	3 Experiments and Results
		3.1 Constructing Multi-core LS-SVM Classifier Model
		3.2 Field Data Experiment
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
4 Analysis of Impact of Guiding Signs on Evacuation Decision-Making Process
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Sign’s VCA
		2.1 The VCA of Common Guiding Signs
		2.2 The Influence of Sign’s Setting on VCA
	3 Passenger Flow Evacuation Path Selection Tendency
	4 Simulation of Passenger Flow’s Decision-Making Behavior
		4.1 Construction of Decision-Making Process Under Evacuation Based on AnyLogic
		4.2 Simulation of Decision-Making Process Based on AnyLogic
	5 Discussion
		5.1 The Appropriate Coverage of VCA (p2*)
		5.2 The Influence of Initial Size of Passenger Flow (m) on Path Selection Time
		5.3 Influence of Interaction Between Passengers (p3) on Decision-Making Time
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
5 Research on the Construction of Big Data Management Platform of Shuohuang Railway Locomotive Operation and Maintenance
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Contents
		2.1 Research on Big Data Platform Supporting Data Fusion of Multi-service System
		2.2 Research on Precise Fault Diagnosis and Predictive Diagnosis Based on Locomotive Big Data
		2.3 Research on the Application of Health Management Facing the Four Elements of “Human, Loco, Environment, and Management”
			2.3.1 Personnel Health Management
			2.3.2 Locomotive Health Management
			2.3.3 Locomotive Running Environment Monitoring
		2.4 Application Research of Reliability-Centered MRO Maintenance and Repair System
		2.5 Research on the Construction of Comprehensive Support System of Big Data for Loco Operation and Maintenance
	3 The Overall Plan
	4 Technical Solution
		4.1 Platform Management
		4.2 Data Source
			4.2.1 Structured Data
			4.2.2 Unstructured Data
		4.3 Data Collection
		4.4 Data Storage
		4.5 Data Analysis
			4.5.1 Offline Calculation: MapReduce
			4.5.2 Streaming Data Calculation: Storm
			4.5.3 Real-Time Computing: Spark
		4.6 Data Presentation
	5 Conclusion
	References
6 A Global Non-roundness Detection Algorithm for Urban Rail Vehicle Wheels
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Detection Algorithm
		2.1 Extract Valid Data Segments
		2.2 Denoise the Vibration Signals
		2.3 Extract Characteristics
		2.4 Identify the Faults
	3 Experimental Analysis
		3.1 Improved Wavelet Threshold Denoising Analysis
		3.2 IMPE Fault Feature Extraction Analysis
		3.3 Fault Identification
	4 Summary
	References
7 Rolling Bearings Fault Diagnosis Method Based on EWT Approximate Entropy and FCM Clustering
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Fault Diagnosis Methodology
		2.1 Empirical Wavelet Transform
		2.2 Approximate Entropy
		2.3 Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering
	3 Experimental Analysis and Results
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
8 Research on Equilibrium Evacuation of Station Based on Improved Iterative Weighting Algorithm
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
		2.1 Definition of Equilibrium Evacuation
		2.2 Factors that Influence Emergency Evacuation Time
		2.3 Route Impedance
	3 Model
		3.1 Modeling
		3.2 Algorithm
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Passenger Flow Distribution
		4.2 Simulation and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
9 Fault Diagnosis of MVB Based on Random Forest and Ensemble Pruning
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 MVB Fault Diagnosis System
		2.1 Feature Extraction
		2.2 Diversity Measures and Ensemble Pruning Method
	3 Experiments
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
10 Denoising Method of Train Vibration Signal Based on Improved Wavelet Threshold
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Improved Wavelet Threshold Denoising
		2.1 Wavelet Threshold Denoising Principle
		2.2 Improved Threshold Selection Principle
		2.3 Improved Threshold Function
	3 Experiment Analysis
		3.1 Evaluation Index
		3.2 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
11 Identifying Critical Component Set of High-Speed Train System Based on Topological Integrated Importance Analysis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 The Network Model
		2.2 Fusion Rules of Links of Different Layers
	3 Algorithm
		3.1 Selection and Calculation of Indices
		3.2 Integrated Importance Measure
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Data and Parameters
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
12 Bayesian Network-Based Reliability Analysis of Traction Transmission System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Traction Drive System Based on BN
	3 Reliability Analysis
		3.1 The Diagnostic Reasoning of Traction Drive System
		3.2 Importance of Components
			3.2.1 Probability Importance
			3.2.2 Critical Importance
		3.3 Reliability of Traction Transmission System
		3.4 Reliability Distribution
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
13 Mutation-Based Test Case Generation of Train-Ground Transmission Function for CTCS
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Train-Ground Transmission Function
	3 Model-Based Mutation Testing
		3.1 Timed Automata
		3.2 Mutation Operator
		3.3 Conformance Relation
	4 Test Case Generation of Train-Ground Transmission Function
		4.1 Test Model Construction
		4.2 Mutant Model
		4.3 Test Case Generation
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
14 Urban Rail Train Wheel Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved EEMD
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 EEMD Decomposition
	3 Information Entropy Algorithms
	4 Wheel Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved EEMD Method and Hilbert Marginal Spectrum
	5 Simulation Signal Analysis
	6 Experiment Analysis
		6.1 Model Failure Simulation Signal Analysis
		6.2 Measured Vibration Signal Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
15 A New Method for Fault Location of Metro Traction Network Based on Transient Ratio Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Fault Analysis Method
	3 Fault Location Principle Based on Transient Ratio Method
	4 Simulation Verification
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
16 Multi-level Criticality Analysis of Metro Vehicle Bogie Based on Fuzzy Theory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
	3 Multi-level Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
	4 Case Verification and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
17 Research of Turnout Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Qualitative Trend Analysis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Turnout Failure Mode Analysis
	3 Qualitative Trend Analysis
		3.1 Primitive Trend Description Language
		3.2 Trend Extraction Based on Interval Semi-division
		3.3 Trend Matching Technology Based on Fuzzy Logic
	4 Case Analysis
		4.1 Establishing a Fault Knowledge Rule Base
		4.2 Fault Trend Matching
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
18 Recognition of Signal Fault Curves Based on Dynamic Time Warping for Rail Transportation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Signal Current Curve
	3 Method
		3.1 Structure
		3.2 Dynamic Time Warping
	4 Experiment and Results
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
19 Bionic Vision-Based Pantograph–Catenary Contact Point Detection Study in China High-Speed Railway
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Image Preprocessing and Extraction
		2.2 Localization Algorithm Based on Bionic Vision
		2.3 Pantograph–Catenary Contact Point Extraction Algorithm
			2.3.1 Positioning of Contact Wire
			2.3.2 Localization of Pantograph Slide
			2.3.3 Localization of Pantograph Slide
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Image Preprocessing
		3.2 Determination of Contact Line Position
		3.3 Localization of Pantograph Slide Position
		3.4 Localization of the Contact Point
	4 Verification of the Contact Point Location Algorithm
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
20 Application of Foreign Matter Detection in EEF Bogie by Measuring Technology of Linear-Structure Light
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Light Stripe Centerline Extraction
		2.2 Laser Triangulation
	3 Results Comparison and Application
		3.1 Comparison of Results
		3.2 Application
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
21 Study on the Construction Rules and Sequencing Method of Train Operating Condition Sequence Based on Regenerative Energy
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Train Operation Sequence Sequencing Method Based on Regenerative Energy
		2.1 Study on Train Operating Condition Sequence Rules Based on Different Speed Limits
		2.2 Ranking Index Calculation
		2.3 Sequencing Method Based on Regenerative Energy
	3 Case Studying
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
22 Fault Diagnosis for Levitation-Gap Sensor of Maglev Train Based on the Tracking Differentiator
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Single Electromagnet Suspension System Model
	3 Performance Analysis of Fault Diagnosis Method
		3.1 The Classical Linear Tracking Differentiator
		3.2 The Optimal Tracking Differentiator
		3.3 Improved Optimal Tracking Differentiator
	4 Simulation Verification
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
23 Research on Train Bogie Frame Service Performance Characterization Parameters Based on Dynamic Loads
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
		2.1 Definition
		2.2 Analysis
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Modeling
		3.2 Model Analysis
	4 Results
		4.1 Model Calculation
		4.2 Parameter Calculation
		4.3 Assessment
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
24 Maintenance Strategy Generation for Urban Railway Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
			2.1.1 Standard Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
			2.1.2 Improved Idea
		2.2 Maintenance Strategy Generation for Urban Railway Based on Safety
	3 Case Study
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
25 Passenger-Flow-Status Assessment Method of Urban Rail Network Based on GA-WNN
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Passenger Flow Index System of Urban Rail Network
		2.1 The Accordance Degree of Design Capacity and Operation (AD)
		2.2 Connectivity Index (CD)
		2.3 The Accordance Degree of Design Transfer Capacity and Operation (TC)
	3 Method of Passenger-Flow-Status Assessment
		3.1 Min-Max Normalization
		3.2 Assessment Method of Passenger-Flow-Status in Urban Rail Network
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Simulation
		4.2 Comparison with the Results of Back-Propagation Neural Network
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
26 K-Step Fault Propagation Method for High-Speed Train System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Research on Propagation Path Based on Step-by-step Fault Propagation Principle
		2.1 Construction Method of Fault Propagation Network
		2.2 K-Step Fault Propagation Algorithm
			2.2.1 Hypothesis
			2.2.2 Process of K-Step Fault Propagation
			2.2.3 K-Step Fault Propagation Algorithm
	3 Research on Fault Propagation Path of Bogie System
		3.1 Fault Propagation Network of Bogie System
		3.2 Fault Propagation Path of Bogie System
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
27 Forecast of Passenger Flow Under the Interruption of Urban Rail Transit Operation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Stranded Passenger Flow
		2.1 Adjustment of Traffic Schemes After Interruption of Train Operation
		2.2 Analysis and Forecast of Waiting Passengers in the Station
		2.3 Analysis and Forecast of Passengers on the Train
		2.4 Total Passenger Flow to Be Transported
	3 Case Study
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
28 Research on PHM Evaluation 	of Point Machine with State 	Transition Variable Weight
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Health Model of Point Machine
		2.1 Health Definition of Point Machine
		2.2 Selection of Health Evaluation Index of Point Machine
	3 Dynamic Degradation Distribution Based on Markov State Transition
		3.1 Dynamic Degradation Distribution
		3.2 Calculating the Index Weights of Each State Based on the Order Relationship Analysis Method
		3.3 Real-Time Curve Recognition Based on ResNet
	4 Engineering Case Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
29 An Effective Intrusion Detection System Based on Network Traffic and Packets for CBTC
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Security Threat Analysis of CBTC Systems
		2.1 A Typical CBTC System
		2.2 The Impact of Cyberattacks on CBTC Systems
	3 The Intrusion Detection System Modeling
		3.1 Framework of the Intrusion Detection System
		3.2 The Traffic Detection Model
		3.3 The Packet Detection Model
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Experimental Data Sets and Evaluation Indexes
		4.2 Evaluation Results
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
30 Safety Assessment of Bogie System Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set and Complex Network Theory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Topological Network Model of Bogie System
		2.2 Fault Propagation Model of Bogie System
	3 Methodology of System Safety Assessment
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
31 Correction Scheme and Error Analysis of Compound Fault Location in Direct Power Supply Mode of High-Speed Railway Traction Network
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Operation of Protection and Fault Location in a Short Circuit Fault
		2.1 Relay Protection Operation Behavior
		2.2 Analysis of Fault Location
	3 Analysis of Compound Fault Location Error and Correction Scheme
		3.1 Analysis of Fault Location Error
		3.2 Correction Scheme of Fault Location
	4 Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
32 Ground Optimization Study on the Reconnected CRH3 EMUs Considering Double-Pantograph Off-line Arcing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Train Body Ground Modeling
		2.1 Determination of Pantograph Off-Line Arcing
		2.2 Determination of Other Train Body Grounding Parts
		2.3 Establishment of Reconnected Train Body Grounding Model
	3 Analysis of Reconnected CRH3 Train Body Voltage
	4 Ground Optimization Measures on Reconnected CRH3 EMUs
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
33 An Intrusion Detection Method for Railway Based on Fast Feature Extraction and Matching of UAV Camera
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Intrusion Detection Algorithm
		2.1 ROI Extraction
		2.2 ALP Features’ Extraction
		2.3 Feature Matching
		2.4 Intrusion Detection
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
34 Research on Controllability of Risk Chain Network in Urban Rail Transit System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Controllability Model in Networks
		2.2 Construction of Risk Chain Network
		2.3 Risk Propagation
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Controllability of Risk Chain Networks
		3.2 Risk Chain Network Controllability Considering Risk Propagation
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
35 Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearing for the Traction System of High-Speed Train Based on Wavelet Segmented Threshold De-Noising and HHT
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Wavelet Segmented Threshold De-noising and HHT Basic Principles
		2.1 Traditional Wavelet Threshold de-Noising Theory
		2.2 Wavelet Segmented Threshold De-noising Theory
		2.3 HHT Principles
	3 Wavelet Segmented Threshold De-noising Simulation Test
	4 Rolling Element Bearing Fault Diagnosis Test
	5 Conclusion
	References
36 Evacuation Capacity Estimation for Subway Station Based on Queueing Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
		2.1 Network Construction
		2.2 Choice Probability
	3 Development of Models
		3.1 M/G/c/N Queueing Model
		3.2 M/G/c/c Queueing Model
		3.3 M/M/1 Queueing Model
		3.4 Algorithm
	4 A Case Study
		4.1 Jianguomen Station
		4.2 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
37 Estimate of Railway Line Capacity Under Adverse Operation Condition
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Line Capacity Fluctuation Under Adverse Condition
		2.1 Control of Train Operation
		2.2 Train Operation Scenarios
		2.3 Capacity Fluctuating Under Adverse Operation Condition
	3 Model Development
		3.1 Stochastic Petri Net Model
		3.2 Scenario Transfer of Train Operation Using SPN
		3.3 Scenarios Transfer
		3.4 Capacity Changing with Fuzzy States
	4 Example
		4.1 Capacity Under Adverse Condition
		4.2 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
38 Maintenance Optimization Method Based on Service Status for Train Rolling Bearings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Maintenance Time Optimization Model
	3 Offline Monitoring Maintenance Strategy
	4 Case Verification and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
39 Design and Implementation of Online Inspection System for Linear Motor Air Gap
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overall System Design
	3 System Hardware Design
		3.1 Field Control Unit
		3.2 Field Data Acquisition Unit
	4 Software System Design
	5 Field Test and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
40 Application Research of Escalators Status Monitor and Forecast Based on Vibration Analysis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Description of Monitor System
		2.1 Principle
		2.2 Sensors Positions
		2.3 Monitor System
		2.4 Diagnosis
	3 A Typical Case Analysis
		3.1 Escalator Drive Principle
		3.2 Normal Waveforms
		3.3 Abnormal Waveforms
		3.4 On-site Inspection and Adjustment
		3.5 Failure Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
41 Fault Simulation and Analysis of Escalator Step Chain
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure and Main Failure Forms of Escalator Step Chain
	3 Modeling and Simulation of Escalator Step Chain Fault
	4 Wavelet Packet Analysis of Signal in Fault State
		4.1 Wavelet Packet Analysis of Signal in Elongation of Chain Pitch State
		4.2 Wavelet Packet Analysis of Signal in Roller Wearing State
		4.3 Wavelet Packet Analysis of Signal in Sprocket Wheel Wearing State
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
42 Development Demand and Trend Analysis of Train Intelligence
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Innovative Development of Intelligent Train in the Developed Countries
		2.1 Japan
		2.2 European Union
		2.3 The North American [4]
	3 The Intelligent Development of Trains in the New Era is Faced with New Trends
		3.1 Innovation Opportunities Brought by the Development of Intelligent Technology
		3.2 New Requirements of Comprehensive Transport System for Train’s Development
		3.3 New Requirements for Train Development from Users
	4 Fuxing Intelligent Train
		4.1 Intelligent Driving
		4.2 Intelligent Services
		4.3 Intelligent Operation and Maintenance
	5 Technological Innovation and Prospect
		5.1 Characteristics
		5.2 Intelligent Train Demand Framework
		5.3 Intelligent Train Prospect
	References
43 H∞ Mixed Sensitivity Robust Control of Lateral Train Vibration
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 H∞ Robust Control of Mixed Sensitivity
	3 Design of H∞ Controller with Mixed Sensitivity
		3.1 Establishment of Lateral Dynamic Model of Railway Vehicles
		3.2 Establishment of Actuator Model
		3.3 Weight Function Selection
	4 Control System Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
44 Research on IGBT Voltage Drop Detection Method Based on Urban Rail PHM System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Algorithm Principle
	3 Simulation Experiment
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
45 Vehicle-mounted Dynamic Detection and Prejudgment of Railway Snow Cover Conditions in Remote Cold Regions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Detection Modes and Methods of Railway Snow Cover Under Characteristic Conditions
	3 Vehicle-Mounted Real-Time Detection of Snow Covering State on Railway
	4 Dynamic Prejudgment of Front Railway Snow Covering
	5 Epilogues
	Acknowledgements
	References
46 An Online Monitoring Scheme for Circuit Breakers Contact System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Improved Arc Current Weighted Algorithm
		2.1 The Electric Wear Per Interrupted
		2.2 Determination of Formula Parameters and Allowable Wear
	3 Calculation Method of Arc Time
		3.1 Calculation of the Arc Time Using Wavelet Algorithm
		3.2 Simulation and Experiment Verification
	4 Overall Framework of Monitoring System
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
47 Research on the Segmentation and Extraction of Scenes Along Railway Lines Based on Remote Sensing Images of UAVs
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset
		2.1 Build of Dataset
		2.2 Data Augmentation
	3 Segmentation Model for SRL
		3.1 Network Architecture of the Model
		3.2 Training of the Model
	4 Segmentation and Extraction of SRL
		4.1 Experimental Results
		4.2 Extraction of Railway Area
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
48 Rail Surface Defect Recognition and Classification Method Based on Deep Forest
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Image Acquisition
		2.2 Defect Extraction
			2.2.1 Rail Track Extraction
			2.2.2 Image Enhancement
			2.2.3 Defect Segmentation
		2.3 Defect Classification
			2.3.1 Defect Feature Extraction
			2.3.2 Defect Classification
	3 Experimental Analysis
		3.1 Defect Extraction Results
		3.2 Defect Classification Results
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
49 Fault Diagnosis of Railway Turnout Based on Random Forests
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Classification and Regression Tree (CART)
		2.2 Diversity Enhancement
		2.3 Majority Voting
		2.4 Random Forests
	3 Experimental Analysis
		3.1 Experimental Setup
		3.2 Fault Diagnosis Based on Random Forests
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
50 Turnout Health Assessment Based on Dynamic Time Warping
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Process of Method
		2.2 Dynamic Time Warping
		2.3 Health Assessment Function
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
51 Research on Risk Consequence Severity Evaluation Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Evidence Theory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Computation Model Based on FAHP and Evidence Theory
		2.1 Fuzzy Set Theory [10]
		2.2 Definition of Evidence Theory
		2.3 Classification of Severity of Risk Consequences
		2.4 Model Construction
	3 Example Computation—Calculation of Risk Consequence Severity of Train Control System
		3.1 Train Control System Risk Event Analysis
		3.2 Calculation of the Severity of the Consequences of Risk Events
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
52 Research on Dynamic Analysis of Equipment Fault for High-Speed Railway Integrated with Train Operation Diagram
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 High-Speed Railway Equipment Fault Analysis
		2.1 High-Speed Railway Equipment Fault Event
		2.2 Impact of High-Speed Railway Equipment Fault Event
	3 Dynamic Analysis Model for Equipment Fault Event
		3.1 Model Hypothesis
		3.2 Variable Definition
		3.3 Train Operation Diagram
		3.4 Delay Impact Model
		3.5 Prediction Model
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Case Description
		4.2 Delay Impact Result
		4.3 Prediction Model Performance
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
53 Health Management of Subway Bogie System Based on Multiplex Network and Dempster–Shafer Evidential Theory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Multiplex Networks
		2.1 Introduction of the Multiplex Networks
		2.2 Importance Indicators
	3 D-S Evidential Theory
		3.1 Identification Framework
		3.2 Basic Probability Assignment Function
		3.3 Combination Rule
	4 Instance
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
54 Research on Environment Perception and Obstacle Detection for Unmanned Vehicle Based on Machine Vision
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Automatic Driving and Rail Obstacle Detection
		2.1 Unattended Train Operation System
		2.2 Obstacle Detection Method
	3 Surrounding Environment Perception
		3.1 Pattern Recognition, Matching, and Distance Measuring
	4 Obstacle Detection and Automatic Train Operation Based on Machine Vision
		4.1 Automatic Train Operation Based on Machine Vision
		4.2 Rail Detection and Obstacle Detection
	5 Conclusion
	References
55 Study on Fault Diagnosis for Bearing Based on Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine
	3 Experimental Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
56 Design and Implementation of Simulation Software of DC Traction Power Supply System for Urban Rail Transportation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of DC Traction Power Supply System
	3 DC Power Flow Calculation Algorithm
	4 Simulation Software Design of DC Traction Power Supply System
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
57 A Study on Fault Diagnosis Technology Based on Failure Mode Analysis of EMU System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Failure Mode Analysis of Traditional EMU
		2.1 Failure Mode Analysis of EMU Based on FTA Theory
		2.2 Characteristics and Limitations of FTA Method
		2.3 Failure Mode Analysis of EMU Based on FMEA Theory
		2.4 Characteristics and Limitations of Traditional FMEA
	3 Failure Mode Analysis and Optimization of EMU Based on FTA and FMEA Principles
		3.1 Comprehensive Analysis of EMU Failure Mode Based on FTA and FMEA Principles
		3.2 Fault Knowledge Base of EMU Based on FTA and FMEA Principles
	4 Application of Comprehensive Analysis Model Based on Real-Time Vehicle Data
		4.1 Construction of Vehicle Data Application Framework
		4.2 Functional Logic Model Based on Vehicle Data
	5 Functional Analyses and Verification
		5.1 Functional Model Diagnosis Process
		5.2 Verification of Functional Model Test Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
58 Risk Analysis of Train Control System Based on Fuzzy Mathematics and Bayesian Network
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Risk Events
		2.1 CTCS-2 Structure and Function
		2.2 Risk Event Analysis
		2.3 Risk Event Fault Tree
	3 Risk Analysis Model Based on Fuzzy Mathematics and Bayesian Network
		3.1 Calculation Model on Risk Source Frequency Based on Fuzzy Mathematics
		3.2 Quantitative Risk Source Analysis Model Based on Bayesian Network
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Calculation of Frequency of Risk Sources
		4.2 Quantitative Analysis Based on Bayesian Network
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
59 Analysis of the Influence of Track Irregularity on Comfort Performance of Maglev Train Based on Site Monitoring
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Site Monitoring
	3 Simulation Model
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
60 Information Service Frequency of Urban Rail Transit Based on Passenger Satisfaction
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Influence Factors of Passenger Satisfaction
	3 Satisfaction Model
		3.1 Model Establishment
		3.2 Model Solution
	4 Determine the Optimal Frequency of Information Services
		4.1 Satisfaction Relation Under Different Influence Factors
		4.2 Analysis of Satisfaction Result Under Different Influence Factors
		4.3 Determining the Optimum Frequency of Information Service
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
61 Traceable Correction Method for the Online Measurement System of Train Wheelset Profile Based on Neural Network
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Traceable Correction Method for the Online Measurement System of Train Wheelset Profile
		2.1 Main Theoretical Basis and Key Characteristic Quantity
		2.2 Critical Path and Characteristics of Correction Methods
		2.3 Steps of System Parameter Correction
		2.4 Technique of Correction Method
	3 Engineering Example of Correction Method Application
		3.1 Example in A Certain Line
		3.2 Example of B Certain Line
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
62 Analysis of the Factors Influencing on Bird Nesting and Its Impact on Railway Operation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection
	3 Analysis of the Possible Influencing Factors on Nesting with RCA Method
	4 Analysis of Outside Factors
	5 Analysis of Inside Factors and Event Lasting Time
		5.1 Primary Analysis of Nest Events
		5.2 Correlation Analysis of Inside Factors on Event Lasting Time
		5.3 Delay Stochastic Model of Different Railway Type
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
63 A Study on the Combustion Behaviors of Interior Materials of Metro Trains
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Ignition Properties and Combustion Phenomena
		3.2 Heat Release Rate (HRR)
		3.3 Smoke Toxicity Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
64 Research on Fault Diagnosis of Platform Protection Equipment Based on FTA
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Control Principle of the Platform Door
	3 Security Features
	4 Fault Tree Analysis
		4.1 Confirm Top Event
	5 Building a Fault Tree
		5.1 Determine the Bottom Event Failure Rate
		5.2 Fault Tree Calculation
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
65 Research on Temperature Prediction for Axles of Rail Vehicle Based on LSTM
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Axle Temperature Monitoring System and LSTM Model
		2.1 The Rail Vehicle Axle Temperature Monitoring System
		2.2 LSTM Model
	3 Framework of High-Speed Train Axle Temperature Prediction Model Based on LSTM
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 LSTM Prediction Model Structure
	4 Experiments and Evaluation
		4.1 Experimental Scheme
		4.2 Results and Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
66 Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Graph Fourier Transform and C4.5 Decision Tree
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Bearing Vibration Signal and GFT
	3 Fault Diagnosis Algorithm
		3.1 Feature Extraction
		3.2 C4.5 Decision Tree
	4 Applications
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
67 Overview of Optimization Models and Algorithms for Train Platforming Problem
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Train Timetable and Station Infrastructure
		2.2 General Train Platforming Problem and Mathematical Formulation
	3 Train Platforming Models and Algorithms
		3.1 Strategic Level Optimization Models and Algorithms
		3.2 Tactical Level Optimization Models and Algorithms
		3.3 Operational Level Optimization Models and Algorithms
	4 Conclusions and Further Research
	Acknowledgements
	References
68 Empirical Wavelet Transform and Power Spectral Entropy for Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Fault Diagnosis Algorithm
		2.1 EWT Algorithm
		2.2 Principle of Power Spectral Entropy
		2.3 The Proportion Probability of Spectrum Energy
		2.4 Method Flow Chart Based on EWT and PSE
	3 Application to Rotating Machine Signals
		3.1 Experimental Scheme
		3.2 Application to Real Signals
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
69 Switch Machine Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Kalman Filter and Support Vector Machines
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Operating Current of Switching Machine
	3 Kalman Filter
	4 Support Vector Machines
	5 Instance
		5.1 Model Establishment
		5.2 Data Verification
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
70 The Turnout Abnormality Diagnosis with Semi-supervised Learning Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Extraction and Preprocess of Characteristic Data of Turnout Action Curve
		2.1 Dynamic Characteristic Analysis
		2.2 Dynamic Feature Extraction
	3 Feature Selection and Reduction
		3.1 Feature Selection
		3.2 Feature Reduction
	4 Semi-supervised Diagnosis Model
	5 Example
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
71 Fatigue Life Assessment of Rail Transit Electronics Based on Physics of Failure
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Foundation of PoF
		2.1 Component Model Library
		2.2 Failure Mechanism Model Library
		2.3 The Evaluation Process of Fatigue Life in pofPWA
	3 Automatic Fem Simulative Analysis of Single Board
		3.1 Automated Simulation Analysis
	4 Life Analysis
		4.1 Failure Physical Quantization Formula
		4.2 Life Estimation Under Single Load Conditions
		4.3 Lifetime Estimation at the Device Level
		4.4 Estimation of Cumulative Life Loss
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References