Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas: STESSA 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 262)

Foreword
Organization
	Chairman
	Co-chairman
	International Scientific Committee
	International Advisory Committee
	Scientific Secretariat
	Organizing Committee
Contents
Keynote Lectures
Steel and Composite Shear Walls - Two High-Performance Lateral Force Resisting Systems
	Abstract
	1 Background on Steel Shear Walls
		1.1 Introduction to Steel Shear Walls
		1.2 Stiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls
		1.3 Unstiffened Steel Shear Walls
		1.4 Problems of Unstiffened Steel Shear Walls
		1.5 Innovative Solutions to Remove Deficiencies of the Current Unstiffened Steel Walls
		1.6 Composite (Steel-Concrete) Shear Walls
	2 Summary and Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Fifty Years of Severe Earthquake Experiences in Japan and the Next Direction of Steel Structures in the World
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 EBF Research Started in 1970 in Japan
	3 BRB Research Started in 1987 in Japan
	4 Material Drives a New Structure
	5 Conclusions and Future Directions of Steel Structures
	Acknowledgments
	References
Lifetime Resilience of Bridges Under Single and Multiple Hazards: Emphasis on Earthquake and Corrosion
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Toward Life-Cycle-Based Design and Assessment of Bridges Under Single and Multiple Hazards
	3 Lifetime Reliability and Resilience of Bridges Under Seismic and Airborne Chloride Hazards
	4 Conclusions
	References
Steelwork for Seismic Upgrading
	Abstract
	1 General
	2 Improvement or Upgrading
	3 Types of Intervention
	4 Type A Intervention
	5 Type B Intervention
	6 Type C Intervention
	7 Competitiveness of Steelworks
	8 Conclusive Remarks
	References
Development and Application of Multi-stage Steel Dampers
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept and Demands of Multi-stage Steel Dampers
		2.1 Basic Concept
		2.2 Demands for Design of Multi-stage Steel Dampers
	3 Development of Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers
		3.1 Configuration of Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers
		3.2 Research on the Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers
		3.3 Experiments of Coupled Shear Walls with Multi-stage Beam Dampers
	4 Development of Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers
		4.1 Configuration of Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers
		4.2 Research on the Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers
	5 Application of Multi-stage Steel Dampers
		5.1 Application of Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers
		5.2 Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers
	6 Conclusions
	References
Improving the Seismic Performance of Structural Steel Systems Through Advanced Testing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Real-Time Hybrid Simulation Background
		2.1 Integration of the Equations of Motion
		2.2 Explicit-Based State Determination
		2.3 Servo-Hydraulic Actuator Control
	3 Applications of Hybrid Simulation Towards Improving the Seismic Resiliency of Structural Steel Buildings
		3.1 Self-centering Moment Resisting Frame Systems
		3.2 Braced Frame Systems with Nonlinear Viscous Dampers
		3.3 Tall Buildings with Damped Outrigger Systems
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Behaviour of Structural Members
Development of an Objective Brace Fatigue Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Fatigue Model
	3 Numerical Modeling of Steel Brace
	4 Influence of Numerical Modeling on Strain History
	5 Fatigue Models at Material, Section, and Element Levels
		5.1 Calibration Procedure
		5.2 Test Results of the Developed Fatigue Models
	6 Conclusions
	References
Pre-test Numerical Modelling of Stainless Steel and Hybrid Links
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of the Links
	3 Numerical Model
		3.1 Calibration of the Numerical Model
		3.2 Calibration of the Constitutive Models for Steel
		3.3 Modelling of Links
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Experimental Investigation of Concrete-Filled Double Steel Tube Columns (CFDST) with High Performance Materials Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Specimen
		2.2 Test Setup and Measurement Equipment
		2.3 Loading Protocol
	3 Results
		3.1 Accuracy of the Test Facility
		3.2 Hysteretic Behaviour
		3.3 Comparison and Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modelling Stress-Strain Behaviour of Low-Yield-Point Steels
	Abstract
	1 Review of Cyclic Plasticity Model [7, 8]
		1.1 General Equations
		1.2 Hardening Rules
		1.3 Parameter Calibration
	2 Comparison with Experimental Results
	3 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Mechanical Characterization of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Means of Selective Laser Melting Technology
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Details of the Experimental Campaign
		2.1 Production Criteria
		2.2 Test Sample Manufacturing
		2.3 Tensile Test Procedure
		2.4 Measurement of Residual Stresses
	3 Findings and Discussion
		3.1 Tensile Behaviour
		3.2 Impact of Scanning Time
		3.3 Effects of Heat Treatment
		3.4 X-ray Diffraction Analyses Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Residual Performance of Structural Steel After Cyclic Plastic Deformation and Strain Aging
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Plan
	3 Monotonic Coupon Tests
	4 Cyclic Coupon Tests
	5 Cyclic-Loading Beam Tests
	6 Summary
	References
Full-Scale Testing of European Steel Beams with Reduced Beam Section Under Reversed Cyclic Loading
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
	3 Test Results
	4 Summary
	Acknowledgement
	References
Study on Quantitative Evaluation Method for Local Buckling of Flange of H-Section Steel Beam by Micro Strain Amplitude Measurement
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method of Local Buckling Detection
		2.1 Theoretical Local Stiffness of Cantilever Beam
		2.2 Calculation Method of Local Stiffness by Finite Element Analysis
	3 Analysis Method
		3.1 Analysis Model
		3.2 Material Properties and Loading Procedure
	4 Analysis Result
		4.1 Load Deformation Relationship and Deformation State
		4.2 Transition of Out-of-Plane Deformation of Flange
		4.3 Transition of Local Stiffness and Out-of-Plane Deformation
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
Fatigue Performance of the Buckling-Restrained Brace Using a Low-Yield-Point Steel Core Plate
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanical Properties of LY-Steel and BRBSM
		2.1 Characteristics of LY-Steel
		2.2 Mechanical Properties of LY-Steel and SN-Steel
		2.3 BRBSM Using LY-Steel
	3 Test Overview
		3.1 Specimens
		3.2 Loading Method
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Hysteresis Characteristics
		4.2 Failure Behavior
	5 Performance Evaluation
		5.1 Fatigue Performance
		5.2 Comparison of Fatigue Performance with SN-Steel
	6 Conclusion
	References
Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels Subjected Bending History for Reuse
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Objective
	2 Test Overview
		2.1 Specimens
		2.2 Bending and Measurement Method
	3 Test Results
		3.1 Bending and Hardness
		3.2 Tensile Test
	4 Discussions
		4.1 Bending Radius and Maximum Strain
		4.2 Mechanical Properties and Bending Count
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experiment on Structural Behavior of Metal Exterior Wall
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction of Metal Exterior Wall
	3 Experiment Outline
		3.1 Specimen
		3.2 Setup
		3.3 Measurement Plan
		3.4 Loading
	4 Experimental Result
		4.1 Overall Behavior
		4.2 Deformation Mechanism
		4.3 Ultimate Strength
	5 Conclusion
	References
Experiments and Modelling of Starred Angle Braces
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Studies
	3 Numerical Modelling and Validation
		3.1 Model Calibration of XL Brace Under Seismic Loads
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Database for Steel Braces with Respect to Inelastic Strength and Ductility Capacity
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dimensional Properties
	3 Key Responses
	4 Tensile Strength
	5 Maximum Compressive Strength
	6 Post-buckling Strength
	7 Reproducing Fracture by Fiber Element
	8 Conclusion
	References
Structural Modeling of Wide-Flange Steel Beam-Column Under Combined Loading Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Recommendation for Plastic Design of Steel Structures
	3 Test Program and Results
		3.1 Modeling Until Maximum Bending Moment
		3.2 Modeling After Maximum Bending Moment
	4 Results of Modeling
		4.1 Response Curves
		4.2 Plastic Deformation Capacity
	5 Comparison with Results of FEM Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Behaviour of Connections
Numerical Study of the Quasi-static Cyclic Behaviour of Blind-Bolted Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Cyclic Behaviour of Steel Joints
		2.1 General Behaviour
		2.2 Key Parameters for the Evaluation of the Cyclic Response
	3 Numerical Investigation
		3.1 Models and Loading Protocol
		3.2 Material Properties
		3.3 Numerical Simulations
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Data Driven Evaluation of Existing Numerical Modelling Guidelines for Semi-rigid Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Database
	3 Deduction of Response Parameters
	4 Connection Behaviour Characteristics
	5 Assessment of Eurocode 3 Component Method
	6 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Nonlinear Numerical Assessment of Steel Reduced Beam Section Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Programme and Results
	3 Numerical Procedures and Validation
	4 Plastic Strain Distributions
	5 Concluding Remarks
	Acknowledgements
	References
The Effect of Degree of Composite Action on RWS Connections Subject to Cyclic Loading
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Modelling and Verification
	3 Parametric Study
		3.1 Model Description
		3.2 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Development of Dissipative Embedded Columns Base Connections for Mitigating Column Axial Shortening
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dissipative ECB Concept and Experimental Validation
	3 Finite Element Analysis of Dissipative ECB Connections
	4 Summary
	Acknowledgement
	References
Required Strength of Column Joint of Bidirectional Steel Moment-Resisting Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis Method
	3 Outlines of Numerical Analysis
		3.1 Details of Object Frames
		3.2 Input Ground Motions
	4 Analysis of Frame with Rigid Column Joints
		4.1 Outlines of Rigid Column Joint and Additional Analysis Parameter
		4.2 Analysis Result and Discussion
	5 Analysis of Frame with Semi-rigid Column Joints
		5.1 Details of Semi-rigid Column Joints and Additional Analysis Parameter
		5.2 Analysis Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Low-Cyclic Fatigue Characteristics of Hanging Bolts Used in Building Equipment
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Plan
		2.1 Test Specimen Overview
		2.2 Test Parameters
		2.3 Experimental Setup and Loading Method
	3 Experiment Result and Discussion
		3.1 Effects of Suspension Length and Nominal Diameter on Structural Behavior of Hanging Bolts
		3.2 Load-Deformation Relationship
		3.3 Evaluation of Elastic Stiffness
		3.4 Evaluation of Maximum Strength During Initial Cycle
		3.5 Low-Cyclic Fatigue Characteristics of Hanging Bolts
	4 Summary
	References
The Effect of Reinforcement at the Bolted Joints of Cold-Formed Steel Moment Frame Assembled by Built-Up Members
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the Analysis
		2.1 Model of Beam Joint
		2.2 Material Properties and High-Strength Bolt
	3 Comparison of the Experimental Result and Analysis Result
	4 Reinforcement of Bolted Joint
	5 Effect of Reinforcements
		5.1 Web Reinforcement
		5.2 Flange Reinforcement
		5.3 Effects from Web and Flange Reinforcements
		5.4 Evaluation of Reinforcement at Bolted Joint
	6 Conclusion
	References
Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of Base-Plate Joints of Steel Storage Racks: An Experimental Study
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Experimental Programme
		2.1 The Experimental Set-Up
		2.2 The Monotonic Tests
		2.3 The Cyclic Tests
	3 Concluding Remarks
	Acknowledgements
	References
Experimental and Analytical Observations of the Effect of Leveling Nuts on the Stiffened Column Bases Behavior
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Study
		2.1 Test Setup
		2.2 Test Result
	3 Finite Element Study
	4 Summary and Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Connection Strength of Braces with Angle Steel and Channel Steel
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Program
		2.1 Outline of Test Specimen
		2.2 Test Parameters
		2.3 Test Setup
	3 Test Results
		3.1 Outline of Test Results
		3.2 Ratio of Effective Length of Outstanding Leg
		3.3 Evaluation of Ultimate Strength of Connection for Net Section Fracture
	4 Conclusion
	References
Preliminary Study on the Cyclic Response of Welded Joints with CHS Beams and Through-All Plates
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Activity
	3 Numerical Activity
	4 Calibration of the Parameters of the Hysteretic Material
	5 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Gusset Plate Buckling Strength Using Stability Functions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Stability Functions
	3 Definition of Gusset Plate Sub-elements
	4 Buckling Load of Idealized Gusset Plates Using the Proposed Method
		4.1 Stiffness Adjustment Factors from Finite Element Analysis
		4.2 Comparison with Tested Gusset Plates and Design Methods
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Full Plastic Strength of Circular Hollow Section Panel Zone with Large Aspect Ratio
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Cyclic Loading Test of Single Panel Specimen
		2.1 Experimental Program
		2.2 Experimental Results
	3 Parametric Study by Finite Element Analysis
		3.1 Outline of Analysis
		3.2 Finite Element Models
		3.3 Analysis Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study on Horizontal Oblique Beam-End Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Plan
		2.1 The Parameters of Specimens and Test Setup
		2.2 Test Measurement and Loading Protocol
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Hysteretic Curve and Plastic Deformation
		3.2 Strain Distribution
		3.3 Comparison with Previous Monotonic Tensile Test of Flange Element
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance of Structural Systems
Effective Steel Braced Frames for Tall Building Applications in High Seismic Regions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Prototype Buildings
		2.1 Buildings Studied
		2.2 Design of the BRBF and E-BRBF Structures
	3 Nonlinear Response History Analysis
		3.1 Structure Models
		3.2 Ground Motion Time Histories
	4 Analysis Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Response Estimations of a Frame-Spine-FLC System Prior to Experimental Dynamic Testing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Shake-Table Testing
		2.1 Moment Resisting Frame
		2.2 Spine and FLC Additions
	3 Modeling Uncertainty
		3.1 Simple Baseline Models
		3.2 Refined Models
	4 Design Spectrum and Initial Ground Motion Suite
	5 Baseline Characterization of the Dynamic Response
	6 Prediction and Modeling Uncertainty
	7 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Seismic Behaviour and Design of Chevron Multi‐tiered Concentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Chevron Multi-tiered Braced Frames
		2.1 Prototype Building and Seismic Loading
		2.2 Frame Design
	3 Seismic Response Evaluation
		3.1 Numerical Model
		3.2 Nonlinear Static Analysis Results
		3.3 Nonlinear Response History Analysis Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Seismic Response of Two-Bay Steel Multi-Tiered Concentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Frames Studied
		2.1 Building Geometry and Loading
		2.2 Braced Frame Design
	3 Seismic Response Evaluation
		3.1 Numerical Model
		3.2 Frame Response
		3.3 Evaluation of the Design Method
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Performance Assessment of a Steel Wind Turbine Tower Subjected to Repeated Earthquakes
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Description and Modelling of Wind Turbine Tower
	3 Seismic Input
	4 Response to the Design and Maximum Considered Earthquakes
	5 Response Under Recurring Earthquakes
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Multi-hazard Robustness Assessment of Seismic Resistant Dual Frame Concentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of the Case Study Structure
		2.1 Description of the Structure and Code-Based Design
		2.2 Performance Based Seismic Evaluation
	3 Robustness Assessment for Multi-hazard Events
		3.1 Robustness Assessment Approach
		3.2 Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Data-Driven Substructuring Technique for Pseudo-Dynamic Hybrid Simulation of Steel Braced Frames
	1 Introduction
	2 Data-Driven Hybrid Simulation (DDHS) Technique
		2.1 Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) Algorithm
		2.2 Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) Model
		2.3 PI-SINDy Model for the Simulation of Hysteretic Response
	3 Numerical Verification
		3.1 Training of the BRB Using the PI-SINDy Model
		3.2 Verification of the DDHS Technique
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fragility of Steel Frames with DYBs Designed in the Framework of EC8
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Hysteretic Response and Numerical Model of DYB
	3 Design of Steel Frames with DYB
	4 Numerical Analysis and Fragility Curves
	5 Seismic Assessment of Case Studies and Conclusions
	References
Collapse Fragility Curves for Non-residential Older Single-Storey Steel Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Building Archetypes
		2.1 General Description
		2.2 Main Design Output
	3 Numerical Modelling
		3.1 General Aspects
		3.2 Braces and Connections
		3.3 Truss Connections
		3.4 Envelope Panels
	4 Empirical Collapse Fragility Curves
		4.1 Main Assumptions and Methodology
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modelling of a Three-Story Building Using a Hybrid of Mass Timber Walls with Buckling-Restrained Braces
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Building Archetype and Test Specimen
	3 BRB Design
	4 Numerical Model of BRBs
		4.1 Model Description
		4.2 Test Data
		4.3 Optimized Calibration
	5 Simulated Cyclic Behavior of the Test Specimen
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Seismic Force Demands on the Foundations of Concentrically Braced Frame Systems
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Building Design
	3 Numerical Modelling
		3.1 Selection and Scaling of Ground Motions
		3.2 Modelling CBF System
		3.3 Foundation-Soil Modelling
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Potentially Plastic Zones Details in Bottom Storey Columns of Concentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Considered Bottom Column Details
	3 Results and Comments
		3.1 Maximum Values for Bending Moments and Axial Forces at the Bottom of First Storey Columns
		3.2 Inelastic Deformations in the Potentially Plastic Zones
		3.3 Buckling Resistance of First Story Columns
	4 Conclusions
	References
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of an Existing RC Building Strengthened with Steel Bracings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Representative Building
	3 Structural Analyses
	4 Conclusions
	References
Case Study of a Tall Building in Greece: Performance-Based Seismic Design and Assessment of Composite Coupling Beams
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Application of Performance Based Seismic Design-Case Study
		2.1 Description of the Structure
		2.2 Acceptance Criteria
		2.3 Simulation
		2.4 Nonlinear Analysis Results and Comparative Study
	3 Conclusive Remarks
	Acknowledgements
	References
Feasibility of Strongback System in Storey Mechanism Mitigation of Steel Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Design of Archetype Buildings
		3.2 Nonlinear Seismic Response
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modelling of Masonry Infill Walls in Existing Steel Frames Against Experimental Results
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Strut Models
	3 Comparisons of the Equivalent Strut Models
	4 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of the Seismic Behaviour of Modular Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures with Knee Braces
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System and Expected Nonlinear Mechanism
	3 Seismic Design and Analysis
	4 Seismic Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design, Analysis and Assessment of MRFs Equipped with FREEDAM Connections and Designed by TPMC: Comparison with Traditional Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Haunched Connections vs FREEDAM Connections
	3 Design Approach: TPMC
	4 Study Case
	5 Modelling Assumptions
		5.1 Structures with Traditional Joints
		5.2 Structures with FREEDAM Joints
	6 Pushover Analyses
	7 Non-linear Dynamic Analyses
	8 Conclusions
	References
Pinned and Fixed Connections in “2 Storey X-Braced” Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Extreme Values for Base Shear Forces and Horizontal Floor Displacements
	3 Maximum Plastic Deformations in Diagonals and Beams
	4 Maximum Member Force Values
	5 Estimated Steel Consumption
	6 Conclusions
	References
Preliminary Results from Shake Table Tests of the FUTURE Mock-Up
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The FUTURE Mock-Up
	3 Shake Table Tests
		3.1 Test Setup
		3.2 Selected Input Ground Motions
		3.3 Preliminary Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Seismic Performance of Industrial Component Supporting Steel Structures – Past Damages, Current Design Practice and Recent Experimental Tests
	Abstract
	1 Industrial Component Supporting Steel Structures
	2 Seismic Design Practice of Industrial Steel Structures
		2.1 Characteristics of Industrial Steel Structures
		2.2 Codes, Standards, and Guidelines
		2.3 Analysis Methods
	3 Seismic Performance During Past Events
	4 Experimental Tests on Industrial Structures and Components
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Seismic Performance of Steel Multi-tiered Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames in Canada
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 MT-BRBF Design
	3 MT-BRBF Numerical Model
	4 Seismic Response Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Performance of Dual-Concentrically Braced Frames with Slim-Floor Beam-to-Column Joints
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dual Concentrically-Braced Frame: General Aspects
	3 Seismic Performance Assessment
		3.1 Definition of the Nonlinear Behaviour
		3.2 Outcomes from the Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analyses
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Seismic Resistant Configurations for Concentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Description of the Analysed Frames
	2 Extreme Base Shear Forces and Horizontal Floor Displacements
	3 Maximum Inelastic Deformations Along Diagonals and Girders
	4 Maximum Member Forces
	5 Estimated Steel Consumption
	6 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Response of a Large-Scale Steel Structure with Dissipative Double Split Tee Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Connections and Building Mock-Up
	3 Experimental Set-Up and Test Procedure
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Mixed and Composite Structures
Development of Effective Designs for Composite Bridges in Seismic Areas
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 VTR® System
		1.2 VFT® and VFT-WIB®
		1.3 Integral and Semi-integral Bridges
	2 Case Studies for VTR® Bridges
	3 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Study on Seismic Performance of High-Strength CFST Frame Structure with Aluminium Alloy Core Assembled Buckling-Restrained Braces
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Overview
		2.1 Model Design Parameters
		2.2 Element Type and Constitutive Relationships
	3 Modal Analysis
	4 Static Elastic-Plastic Analysis
		4.1 Pushover Curves
		4.2 Frequent Seismic Performance Point
		4.3 Rare Seismic Performance Point
		4.4 Yield Mechanism
	5 Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Time History Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Seismic Behaviour Improvement of Steel-Concrete Composite Frames Based on Steel Spiral-Confined Slabs
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis
		2.1 Original System
		2.2 Confinement of the Concrete Slab with Steel Spirals
		2.3 Numerical Modelling
	3 Results
		3.1 Load-Displacement Response
		3.2 Qualitative Stress and Damage Evolution
	4 Conclusions
	References
Slim-Floor Beam-to-Column Joints for Seismic-Resistant Structures: Design Approach and Detailing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Background
	3 Design Approach and Detailing of SF Beam-to-Column Joints
		3.1 Predesign and Initial Considerations
		3.2 Elastic Design of the SF beam’s Equivalent Moment of Inertia
		3.3 Plastic Bending Resistance of the Dissipative Zone
		3.4 Beam-to-Column Connection – Evaluation of Actions and Capacity
		3.5 Column Web Panel – Evaluation of Actions and Capacity
		3.6 Stiffness of the Slim-Floor Beam-to-Column Joint
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Comparative Study on the Behaviour of Composite Steel-Concrete Shear Walls Under Lateral Loads
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Experimental Specimens
		2.2 Materials
		2.3 Test Setup – Testing Loading Procedure
	3 Tests Results and Discussion
		3.1 Hysteretic Curves
		3.2 Strain Analysis
		3.3 Stiffness Degradation Analysis
		3.4 Deformation Capacity
		3.5 Cracking and Failure Modes
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Seismic Behaviour of Composite Steel-Concrete Coupled Walls with Centred Openings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Test Setup – Testing Loading Procedure
	3 Tests Results and Discussion
		3.1 Hysteretic and Envelope Curves
		3.2 Stiffness Degradation Analysis
		3.3 Cracking and Failure Modes
	4 Conclusions
	References
Yielding Mode Classification of Composite Beam-Square Hollow Section Column Subassemblies Under Bidirectional Loading
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept of Yielding Mode Classification
	3 Outline of Finite Element Analysis
	4 Validation of Proposed Yielding Mode Classification
		4.1 Bare Beam-Column Subassemblies with no Axial Force
		4.2 Bare Beam-Column Subassemblies with Axial Force
		4.3 Composite Beam-Column Subassemblies
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Energy Dissipation Systems
Dual System for Enhanced Seismic Performance of Friction-Sliding Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study
		2.1 Prototype Building and Design
	3 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Results
		3.1 Ground Motions
		3.2 Modelling
		3.3 Nonlinear Response of Model Buildings
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Influence of the U-Shaped Damper Configuration on the Seismic Performance of Steel Building Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 U-Shaped Metallic Dampers
	3 Design and Modelling of Structures
	4 Applied Seismic Records
	5 Discussion of Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Cyclic Behaviour of Steel Shear Walls with Beam-Only Connection Shear Panels
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Verification of the FE Model
	3 Numerical Study on SPSWs with Beam-Only-Connection
	4 FE Results
		4.1 General
		4.2 Structural Behaviour
		4.3 Fracture Tendency
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effectiveness of Perforated Shear Panels for Improving the Failure Modes of Beam-to-Column Connections in Steel Shear Walls
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Modifying Perimeter Perforated Pattern
	3 Numerical Study on Three-Story Structure
		3.1 Finite Element Model
	4 Parametric Evaluation
		4.1 Numerical Perforated Specimens
		4.2 FEM Results
		4.3 Discussion
		4.4 Fracture Tendency
	5 Conclusion
	References
Seismic Performance of SDOF System with a Negative Stiffness-Inerter System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modelling
		2.1 The Mechanical Models of NSIS, NSAD and IS
		2.2 Equations of Motion of SDOF System with NSIS and Transfer Functions
		2.3 Influences of the NSIS Damping
	3 Optimal Design Method for SDOF Systems with NSIS
		3.1 Fixed Points of the Transfer Functions
		3.2 Optimizing the Negative Stiffness Ratio
		3.3 Optimizing the NSIS Damping Ratio
		3.4 SDOF Systems with Optimal NSIS
	4 Performance of NSIS Under Real Earthquakes
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development of a Hybrid Base Isolation-Tuned Mass Damper Inerter System (BI-TMDI) for Seismic Protection of Steel Structures
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 BI-TMDI System
		2.1 Introduction of the BI-TMDI
	3 Loading Capacity Analysis
		3.1 Experimental Testing and FEM Verification
		3.2 Design Reference
	4 Dynamic Analysis of the BI-TMID System
		4.1 Dynamic Modeling of the BI-TMDI System
		4.2 Optimization Analysis
		4.3 Seismic Response Analysis of the BI-TMDI Structure
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Friction Rotational Link for Seismic Dissipation in Steel Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Friction Rotational Link (FRL)
		2.2 FRL Quasi-static Testing
		2.3 FRL Rotational Force Assessment
		2.4 Rotational Force Degradation Assessment
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 FRL Hysteresis Loop
		3.2 FRL Rotational Force
		3.3 FRLs Rotational Force Degradation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effects of Prying Forces on the Hysteretic Behaviour of Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFCs)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 AFC Assembly
		2.2 AFC Quasi-static Testing
	3 AFC Elastic Model
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 AFC Hysteresis Loop
		4.2 AFC Proposed Sliding Mechanism
		4.3 Comparison of Proposed Sliding Force Model to Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Design of Steel Moment Resisting Frames with Fluid Viscous Dampers Using Optimization
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 NTHA
		2.2 Design Variables
		2.3 Objective Function and Constraints
	3 Numerical Example
	4 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Performance and Rehabilitation of the Solca Hospital Main Buildings After the 2016 Pedernales Earthquake
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 General and Structural Description of the Solca Complex
	3 Observed Damage
		3.1 The Structural Survey Program
		3.2 Geotechnical Site Characterization
		3.3 Observed Damage to the Buildings
	4 Causes of the Damages
		4.1 Linear Structural Analyses
		4.2 Nonlinear Structural Analyses
	5 Seismic Rehabilitation of Building 2
	6 Summary and Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Controlling Drift Demands in Steel Moment Resisting Frames at Frequent Earthquakes Using Tuned Mass Dampers
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Reference Structure
	3 Tuned Mass Damper Characteristics
	4 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Self-centring and Low-Damage Systems
Optimization Based Seismic Design of Self-centering Concentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Structural Model
	3 Problem Formulation
		3.1 Design Variables
		3.2 Objective Function
		3.3 Constraints
		3.4 Optimization Scheme
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design of Low-Rise Controlled Rocking Braced Frames for Life Cycle Costs
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Prototype Structures
		2.1 Base Rocking Joint and Frame Member Capacity Design
	3 Ground Motion Selection and Numerical Modelling of Controlled Rocking Braced Frames
	4 Initial Construction Cost and Loss Assessment
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Structural Performance
		5.2 Loss Assessment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Damage-Free Self-centring Links for Seismic-Resilient Eccentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Damage Free Self-centring Link
	3 Case-Study
	4 Design of the Damage-Free Self-centring Link
	5 Finite Element Simulations
	6 Conclusions
	References
Comparison of the Seismic Performance of Conventional Moment Resisting Frames and Innovative Dissipative Replaceable Link Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study
	3 Seismic Performance
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Pseudo-dynamic Testing of a Large-Scale Steel Building with Innovative Column Base Connections: Design and Numerical Simulations
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Tested Structure
	3 Experimental Setup, Instrumentation, and Test Procedure
	4 Numerical Modelling
	5 Non-linear Time History Analysis
	References
Parametric Study and Finite Element Modelling of Damage-Free Self-centring Column Bases with Different Structural Properties
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Case-Study MRFs Equipped with the SC-CBs
	3 Finite Element Analysis
		3.1 Modelling Assumptions
		3.2 Validation Against Experimental Results
	4 Parametric FE Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Low-Cost Self-Centering Composite Structural Frame Systems for Highly-Resilient Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Objectives
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Prototype System
		2.2 Test Setup
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Slab Effects on Rocking Frame Performance
	Abstract
	1 Introduction to Rocking Frames with GNG
	2 Previous Work
	3 Rocking Frame Model and Slab Contribution
	4 Behaviour
		4.1 Pushover (PO) Curve Results
		4.2 Time History (TH) Analysis – Performance and Description
		4.3 Sensitivity of GNG with Different Tooth Pitch Size and GNG Stiffness
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Frame-Spine System with Force-Limiting Connections for Low-Damage Seismic-Resilient Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Background and Design Concept
	2 Shake Table Test Setup
		2.1 Test Building Configuration
		2.2 Ground Motion Input and Testing Plan
	3 Preliminary Test Results
	4 Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
Application and Optimization of Ring Spring Dampers for Seismic Design
	Abstract
	1 Introduction - Ring Spring Dampers
	2 Properties of Ring Spring Dampers
	3 Application and Optimization of Ring Spring Dampers in Seismic Design
		3.1 Fields of Application
		3.2 Effective Damping
		3.3 Dynamic Magnification
		3.4 Optimization
		3.5 Project Example
	4 Summary
	References
Seismic Performance of Steel Beam-To-Column Joint with Replaceable Buckling-Restrained Energy Dissipation Fuses
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Beam-To-Column Joint
	3 Experimental Program
		3.1 Specimen Details
		3.2 Test Setup
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Test Observations
		4.2 Moment-Story Drift Ratio Curves
	5 Conclusions
	References
Studies on Moment-Resisting Fuse Link Beam-To-Column Connection for Seismic Resilient Steel Moment Frame Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Details of Fuse Link Beam-To-Column Connection
	3 Details of Numerical Investigations
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
The Optimised Sliding Hinge Joint (OSHJ): Overview and First Application to a Project
	Abstract
	1 OSHJ Background and Seismic Behaviour
	2 OSHJ Use to Enhance Buildings Performance in Seismic Regions
	3 OSHJ Benefits in Construction
	4 Full-Scale Seismic Tests of the OSHJ
	5 Deployment of the OSHJ
	References
Replaceable Brace Modules for Concentrically Braced Frames: Test Results from Substructure with Moment-Resisting Beam-Column Connections
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Test Program
		2.1 Reference Structure
		2.2 Test Specimen
		2.3 Laboratory Setup
		2.4 Loading Protocol
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Hysteresis and General Observations
		3.2 Contribution of Moment Frame Action to Lateral Resistance
	4 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Behavior of a Hybrid Moment-Resisting Frame with Replaceable Energy Dissipation Angles
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 HMRF-REDA Description
	3 Shaking Table Tests
		3.1 Test Specimen
		3.2 Loading Protocol
	4 Test Results
		4.1 General Response
		4.2 Yielding Sequence
		4.3 Replacement Operation and Performance
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Assessment and Retrofitting
A New Seismic Coating System for Requalification of Existing Constructions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The DUO SYSTEM Seismic Coat
	3 Application to Case Studies
		3.1 Premise
		3.2 Masonry School Building
		3.3 Reinforced Concrete School Building
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Vulnerability Curves of Existing Italian Industrial Steel Buildings Designed Without Seismic Criteria
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Characterization of Large Span Buildings
		2.1 The CARTIS-GL Form
		2.2 Industrial Sectors of Cercola
	3 The Case Studies
		3.1 Class of Industrial Steel Buildings
		3.2 Simulated Design
		3.3 Non-linear Static Analyses
	4 Fragility and Vulnerability Curves
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
The Use of Steel in the Functional-Structural Rehabilitation of the Prince Caracciolo of Avellino Building in Naples
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Building Before the Rehabilitation
	3 The Functional-Structural Rehabilitation
		3.1 Design Approach and Methods
		3.2 Main Outputs and Observations
		3.3 Retrofitting Interventions
		3.4 Evaluation of the Structures Capabilities through FEM
	4 Conclusive Remarks
	Acknowledgements
	References
Seismic Upgrading of an Existing Steel Structure Using Inverted Y-braces
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study
		2.1 Building Description
		2.2 Design of a Seismic Upgrading System
	3 Non-linear Static Analysis
	4 Connection Design
		4.1 General Design Assumptions
		4.2 Link-To-Beam and Link-To-Brace Connections
		4.3 Brace-To-Brace Connections
		4.4 Brace-To-Beam-Column Connections
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design of Metal Shear Panels for Seismic Protection of RC Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Method for Metal Shear Panels
		2.1 Pushover Curves, Trilinear Idealization and Equivalent SDOF System
		2.2 Design of the Aluminium Shear Panels
	3 Case Studies
		3.1 Seismic Assessment of the Existing Buildings
		3.2 Seismic Retrofit for the Existing Buildings
		3.3 Seismic Assessment of the Retrofitted Buildings
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
On the Use of Steel Exoskeletons for Seismic Retrofit of Existing RC Buildings: A Case Study
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Steel Exoskeletons as Seismic Retrofit Technique
		2.1 Definition and Structural Features of Exoskeletons
		2.2 Structural Concept and Typological Families
	3 A Simplified Design Methodology
	4 The Case Study of the Primary School “Pietro Santini”
		4.1 Description of the Building
		4.2 Seismic Assessment of the Existing Structure
		4.3 The Retrofit Intervention
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Retrofitting Solution for an Existing Steel Frame Structure Sensitive to Global Torsion
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Major Deficiencies Observed for the Existing Structure
	3 Description of the Proposed Retrofitting Solution
	4 Response of the Structure After Retrofitting
	5 Conclusions
	References
Retrofit of a RC Building Against Seismic and Progressive Collapse Using Steel Bracing and Cabling
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Seismic and Progressive Collapse Assessment
		2.1 Seismic Assessment
		2.2 Progressive Collapse Assessment
	3 Seismic and Progressive Collapse Retrofit
	4 Conclusions
	References
Seismic and Progressive Collapse Retrofit of a Steel Braced Frame Office Building
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study: Steel Braced Frame Office Building
	3 Seismic and Progressive Collapse Assessment of the Building
		3.1 Seismic Assessment
		3.2 Progressive Collapse Assessment
	4 Seismic and Progressive Collapse Retrofit
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design of Buckling Restrained Damper for Retrofit of Steel Truss Bridge
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Steel Truss Bridge
		2.1 Analysis Model
		2.2 Safety Evaluation
	3 Installation of BRD
		3.1 BRD Model and Location
		3.2 Parameters
		3.3 Effectiveness
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Application of Buckling Restrained Damper to Steel Arch Bridge
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Arch Bridge
		2.1 Analysis Model
		2.2 Safety Evaluation
	3 Installation of BRD
		3.1 BRD Model
		3.2 Parametric Study
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Seismic Assessment of Beam-To-Column Joints for a Non-conforming MRF Existing Structure
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of the Case Study
		2.1 Generality
		2.2 Description of Investigated MRF Joints
	3 Main Modelling Assumptions
	4 Results from FEAs
		4.1 Behaviour of External MRF Joints Under Vertical Loads
		4.2 Behaviour of External MRF Joints Under Seismic Loads
		4.3 Behaviour of Strengthened Joints
	5 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Assessment and Strengthening of an Existing Industrial Building
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Orthogonal Steel Exoskeletons
		2.1 Features and Limits of Application
	3 Case Study
		3.1 General Description
		3.2 Description of Investigate Truss to Column Connection
	4 Finite Element Modelling
		4.1 Global Modelling
		4.2 Local Modelling
	5 Safety Assessment Under Horizontal Loads
		5.1 Global Behaviour
		5.2 Local Behaviour
	6 Efficiency of Retrofitting Solutions
		6.1 Local Retrofit
		6.2 Global Retrofit
	7 Conclusions
	References
Simplified Rules for the Evaluation of Moment Resisting Frames and Concentrically Braced Frames Seismic Performances
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Trilinear Model for the Capacity Curve
	3 Performance-Based Assessment Approach
		3.1 Characteristic Points for MRFs
		3.2 Characteristic Points for CBFs
	4 Maximum Multiplier Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Numerical Study on Seismic Repair by Re-tightening Turnbuckle Braces
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Method
		2.1 Analytical Model
		2.2 Analytical Parameter
	3 Analytical Result
		3.1 Tendency of the Maximum Story Drift Ratio
		3.2 Convergence Value and PGV of Aftershocks
		3.3 Magnitude of Aftershocks that Do not Damage the Building
		3.4 Frequency of Aftershocks
	4 Effectiveness of Seismic Repair
		4.1 Analysis Model
		4.2 Relationship Between Story Drift Ratio and Repair Rate
		4.3 Evaluation of Repair
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Codes and Standards
Evaluation of the Canadian Seismic Design Provisions for Wide-Flange Columns in Steel Moment-Resisting Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Code Requirements and Frame Design
	3 MRF Response Using a Concentrated Plasticity-Based Model
	4 Column Response Using Continuum Finite Element Model
	5 Conclusions
	References
Revision of Eurocode 8: Features Common to All Materials
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 EN1998-1-1 General Rules and Seismic Action
		2.1 Definition of Seismic Action
		2.2 Limit States for Design
		2.3 Ductility Classes
		2.4 Methods of Analysis and Design Data
	3 Eurocode 8 Part 1-2: Rules for New Buildings
		3.1 Torsion
		3.2 Second Order Effects
		3.3 Prevention of Soft Storey Mechanisms in DC2 and DC3
		3.4 Design Action Effects in Primary Columns in DC2
	References
Mitigation of Soft Storey Failure: A New Criteria
	Abstract
	1 Design Conditions for Moment Resisting Frames in the Revised Eurocode 8
	2 Basis of a Criteria for Mitigation of Soft Storey in MRFs
		2.1 About the Behaviour of Structures and Design to Eurocode 8
		2.2 Theorem Used to Develop a Criteria to Mitigate Soft Storey Failures
	3 Criteria for the Mitigation of Soft Storey Failures
		3.1 Definition of the Parameters
		3.2 Calculation of the Top Roof Displacement ds
		3.3 Ultimate Plastic Rotation Capacity θu for the Calculation of Wint
		3.4 Towards a Simple Criteria of Soft Storey Mitigation
	4 Criteria to Mitigate Soft Storey Failure if δ is Calculated with an Equivalent SDOF System
	5 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Behaviour of Steel MRFs Designed According to EN1998-1(2005) and prEN1998-1-2(2020)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Investigated Structures
	3 Structural Modelling
	4 Pushover Analysis
	5 Ground Motion Selections
	6 Collapse Assessment of the Frames
	7 Discussion of the Results
	References
Ductility Classes in prEN 1998-1. Comparative Analysis on Eccentrically Braced Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 A Few Provisions from prEN 1998-1 [1]
	3 The Analysed Structure and the Structural Analyses
		3.1 The DC3 Structure
		3.2 The DC2 Structure
		3.3 The DC1 Structure
	4 Comparative Analysis Between the Three Solutions
	5 Conclusions
	References
FEMA P-695 Verification of Seismic Design Coefficients for Mid-to-High-Rise Hybrid Coupled Core Wall Systems
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of CC-SSW Archetypes
	3 Nonlinear Analyses
		3.1 Modelling and Pushover Analysis
		3.2 Incremental Dynamic Analyses
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Strength Amplification Factor to Counterbalance P–∆ Effects in Steel Moment Resisting Frames
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Strength Amplification Factor in Seismic Codes
		1.2 Strength Amplification Factor in Research Studies on SDOF Systems
	2 Extension of the Proposed Strength Amplification Factor for the Design of Moment Resisting Frames
	3 Methodology
	4 Considered Structures
	5 Numerical Analyses and Response Parameter
	6 Response and Conclusions
	References
Seismic Performance of Steel MRFs Designed to the Provisions of the Latest Draft Eurocode 8: Case Studies
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Revised Eurocode 8 for MRFs
	3 Analysis and Design Implementation
	4 Case Study Frame Designs
	5 Performance Assessment via Non-linear Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Prediction of the Bending Moments in Columns of Concentrically Braced Frames in the Chevron Configuration
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Prediction of Bending Moment in Columns
	3 Case-Study
	4 Numerical Analyses
	5 Effectiveness of the Prediction of Bending Moments and Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Seismic Design of Steel Frames by Improved Direct Displacement-Based Design Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background of the Equivalent Modal Damping Ratios
	3 Design, Modeling and Analysis of Steel Frames for ξκ Derivation
	4 Proposed Modal DDBD Method
	5 Numerical Example
	6 Conclusions
	References
Proposal of Seismic Coefficient and Estimate for Horizontal Sliding for Steel Tanks by Backward Seismic Analysis (BSA) Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Subductive Earthquakes in BSA Analysis
	3 Backward Seismic Analysis Method
	4 Results with Backward Seismic Analysis
	5 Horizontal Sliding for Unanchored Tanks
	6 Recommendations and Conclusions
	References
Seismic Design of Foundations for Steel-Framed Buildings: A Canadian Perspective
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Canadian Requirements for Foundation Seismic Design
	3 Application of the Design Procedure
		3.1 Building and Foundation Design
		3.2 Modelling for Nonlinear Time-History Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Light-Gauge Systems
A Case for Rethinking ASCE 41 Performance-Based Assessment Criteria for Cold-Formed Steel
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Building Evaluation and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments and Disclaimers
	References
An Overview of Studies of the Response of a Typical Steel Light-Gauge Housing System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Component Level
		2.1 Single Profile Characterization
		2.2 Sheathing Panels
		2.3 Steel-Deck
	3 Sub-assemblies Level
		3.1 Shear-Walls
		3.2 Floor Systems
	4 Building System Level
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgement
	References
Shake Table Tests to Examine the Seismic Performance of Prefabricated Steel Unit Houses
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Unit House
	3 Shake-Table Test Plan
	4 Test Results
		4.1 Damage Observation
		4.2 Overall Response
		4.3 Repeated Slipping of Slip-Critical Bolted Connections
	5 Summary
	References
Upright Base Connection Impact on Structural Design of Steel Storage Rack Systems in Seismic Zones
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of the Analysed Structure
	3 Numerical Analysis
	4 Nonlinear Analyses Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index