Proceedings 10th international congress of world equine veterinary association /Сборник материалов 10-го всемирного конского конгресса

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After previous very sucessfull joint venture with AAVE in Buenos Aires (2003), and ANVM in Marrakech (2006), REVA has done a great organisation for this 10th edition under the support of Russian Equestrian Federation, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Veterinary Department of Administrative Service of Federal Security Service of Russia, Veterinary Committee of Moscow City, The All-Russian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine,  The Skrybin Moscow Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Russian Association of Veterinary Practitioners, Moscow Equestrian Federation and well-known commercial companies.......Page 10
MANAGEMENT OF HORSES SUSPECTED TO HAVE SPINAL CORD DISEASES – WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MALFORMATION......Page 13
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R. EQUI AND FOAL PNEUMONIA......Page 15
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Oleksandr Galatyuk, Anatoly Kanyovsky………………………………………………………………437......Page 18
CONTRACTILE EFFECTS OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE (5-HT) IN THE EQUINE JEJUNUM CIRCULAR MUSCLE: IDENTIFICATION OF A 5-HT1A-LIKE RECEPTOR......Page 19
USE OF INTRAOPERATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EQUINE SURGERY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 32 CASES (2006-2007)......Page 20
EQUINE MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TENDINOUS LESIONS IN THE HORSE......Page 23
Kovac M.,  Huskamp B., Toth J., Nowak M., Trailovic D. , Doder R. , Tambur Z………………….649......Page 25
Disorders of the Equine Guttural Pouches......Page 44
Most common clinical signs of guttural pouch mycosis are epistaxis (intermittent to liters of blood) not induced by exercise, cranial nerve disorders (dysphagia, Horner's syndrome, laryngeal hemiplegia, facial paresis, etc.), uni- or bilateral mucoid nasal discharge or a combination of symptoms. Secondary clinical signs include abnormal respiratory noise, unilateral atrophy of the tongue and abnormal head posture. The presence of neurologic symptoms is typically associated with a worse prognosis, especially dysphagia. If untreated, then the likely fate is a fatal hemorrhage or irreversible neurological signs12,13. Surgical vascular occlusion of the affected artery is vital in horses with guttural pouch mycosis. Since the 1980's, the treatment of choice has been surgical occlusion of the affected artery/s or better still, the correct surgical placement of a balloon-tipped catheter in the affected arteries14. Complications reported include recurrence of moderate to profuse epistaxis and retrograde infection. In some cases, the catheters have to be removed because of incision complications, bad cosmetic effect or incorrect placement. An improved method has been described with coils, and detachable, self-sealing latex balloons14,15. The horse is placed under general anesthesia in lateral recumbency, with the affected side upward. The common carotid artery is isolated, punctured with an angiographic catheter and advanced to the level of the internal, the external carotid artery or the maxillary artery, depending on which structure to be occluded. The entire procedure is performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Compared with the balloon-tipped catheter surgery, coil embolization is less invasive, and often associated with a shorter period of anesthesia, but requires the use of fluoroscopy16. Long term (>2 years) follow-up of horses with guttural pouch mycosis (GPM), treated with transarterial coil embolization have been evaluated17, and found that prognosis for survival was 84% and prognosis for return to work was good (71%).......Page 45
Tympany: - This rare disease usually develops shortly after birth and up to 20 months of age18. It results in excessive accumulation of air within one or both guttural pouches. The etiology is still under investigation, but theories proposed include a malfunction or structurally abnormal pharyngeal orifice acting as a one way valve, with the flap trapping air inside the guttural pouch, or a genetic defect. Tympany is manifested as a non-painful, soft, tympanic swelling of the parotid region. In some cases respiratory noise, dyspnea, dysphagia or aspiration pneumonia can be observed. Centesis by means of a needle to evacuate the air can be used to determine whether the problem is uni- or bilateral. Radiographs can confirm the diagnosis and can assess if any secondary pulmonary disease.......Page 46
 References: - 1) Hinchcliffe R & A Pye (1969) J. Zool., 157: 277-288; 2) Dyce KM. et al. (2002) Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd ed., W. B. Saunders Co.; 3) Orr J. et al. (1983) Am.J.Physiol. 244, H142-H149.; 4) Baptiste KE et al. (2000) Nature 403:382-383.; 5) Knight AP et al. (1976) Vet.Med.Small Anim.Clin 70:1194-1199.; 6) Jaeschke G & Weiler H (1998) Pferdeheilkunde 14:115-122.;  7)  Seahorn TL  &  Schumacher  J  (1991)  JAVMA 199:368-369.; 8) Munroe GA et al. (1993) Prat Vét Eq 25:139-142.; 9) Cook WR et al. (1968) Vet Rec 83:422-428.; 10) Guillot J et al. (1997) J Med Vet Mycol 35:433-435.; 11) Ludwig A et al. (2005) Vet J 169:457-61.; 12) Léveillé R et al. (2000) Vet Surgery 29:389-397.; 13) Nation PN (1978) Can Vet J 19:194-197.; 14) Freeman DE & Donawick WJ (1980) JAVMA 176:236-240.; 15) Cheramie HS et al. (1999) Vet Surg 28:83-90.; 16) Freeman DE et al. (1993) Vet Surg 22:531 534.; 17) Lepage OM & Piccot-Crezollet C (2005) Equine vet J 37:430-434.; 18) McCue PM et al. (1989) JAVMA 194:1761-1763.; 19) McIlwraith CW (1987) Equine surgery advanced techniques. Lea & Febiger: 235-238.; 20) Tetens J et al. (1994) JAVMA 204:1927-1929.; 21) Ohnesorgue B & Deegen E (1995) Pferdeheilkunde 11:233-237.; 22) Sweeney CR et al. (1993) JAVMA 202:1129 1131.; 23) Freeman DE et al. (1994) 40th Annual Proc. AAEP: 85-86.; 24) Knight AP (1977) JAVMA 170: 735-738.; 25) Hassel DM et al. (1995) JAVMA 207:1081-1084.; 26) Walker AM et al. (2001) Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 47: 25-26; 27) Haynes PF (1983) Comp.Cont. Ed. 5: S379-S388.; 28) Holcome SJ et al. (1998) Am J.Vet Res.59: 504-508.......Page 47
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UPPER AIRWAY PROCEDURES USING LASERS......Page 55
Tympany of the Guttural Pouch......Page 56
Removal of Ethmoid Hematomas......Page 57
Cautery of the Soft Palate......Page 58
Pathophysiological mechanisms......Page 61
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 EXERCISE INDUCED PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE......Page 68
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 STRANGLES UPDATE......Page 71
Further reading from recent from recent literature:......Page 73
e) Skin Biopsy:......Page 75
Wedge Biopsy:......Page 76
Fixatives:......Page 77
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 THE EQUINE SARCOID......Page 79
References and further reading......Page 89
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Massey University, NEW ZEALAND......Page 91
Neurologic aspects of a routine physical examination......Page 92
Overall neurologic examination routine......Page 93
Interpretation of the neurologic examination......Page 94
Interpretation of Signs of brain and cranial nerve disease......Page 95
Interpretation of signs of spinal cord diseases......Page 97
Interpretation of signs of peripheral nerve disease......Page 99
Cochlear......Page 103
HYPOMETRIA......Page 104
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Sleep Disorders in Foals......Page 114
SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY......Page 115
IF AND WHEN TO START ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY......Page 116
A GUIDE TO ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY IN HORSES......Page 117
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Massey University, NEW ZEALAND......Page 119
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Physiological Murmurs......Page 127
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 WHAT EVERY PRACTITIONER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE EQUINE EYE......Page 137
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Ultrasonographic technique for the metacarpal and pastern regions......Page 149
Basic interpretation......Page 150
Take home message – Five important rules of musculoskeletal ultrasound......Page 151
Definitions......Page 164
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Surgery - Tenoscopy of the digital flexor tendon sheath + tenoscopic desmotomy of the annular ligament:......Page 188
General comments on distended digital flexor tendon sheaths in warmblood horses.......Page 189
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References......Page 193
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MARE......Page 230
Cooled, transported semen......Page 231
Prediction of Ovulation......Page 232
Insemination Technique......Page 234
Examination following Insemination......Page 235
The Inflammatory Response to Semen......Page 236
References......Page 238
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Causes of abortion......Page 242
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- not all areas accessible because of bony prominences and curved contours that can prevent optimal orientation of the transducer.......Page 285
Pathology identifiable......Page 286
Plantar aspect......Page 287
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Technique......Page 289
Abnormal findings and lesions......Page 290
References......Page 292
Figures......Page 293
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Dynamic evaluation is first made during walking. Horses with LSI pain can present a restricted gait with short strides, especially on short circles. During examination from the side at trot, the passive flexion and extension movement of the LS joint can be assessed as well as the gait amplitude, engagement and propulsion (Denoix 1992). If lameness is present it will be investigated using a classical approach but horses with LSI pain often do not present any asymmetric walk and trot.......Page 296
Treatment......Page 297
Caudal approach......Page 298
References......Page 299
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ANGULAR LIMB DEFORMITIES IN FOALS......Page 320
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 R. EQUI AND FOAL PNEUMONIA......Page 346
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 CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON PARASITE MANAGEMENT IN EQUIDAE......Page 395
Rm......Page 404
References......Page 415
Anaplasma phagocytophila......Page 425
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Литература......Page 459
Young donkeys – n = 22......Page 465
Young donkeys – n = 22......Page 466
3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, 00014 HU, Finland......Page 481
Material and methods......Page 483
References......Page 484
 CONTRACTILE EFFECTS OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE (5-HT) IN THE EQUINE JEJUNUM CIRCULAR MUSCLE: IDENTIFICATION OF A 5-HT1A-LIKE RECEPTOR......Page 501
Discussion......Page 520
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Materials and Methods......Page 526
Results and Discussion......Page 527
Conclusion......Page 528
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Results......Page 533
References......Page 534
Results......Page 550
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References......Page 570
This study showed that the dead cells appear like spots darkened in the embryos. DAPI stains the broken nucleus of dead cells in the embryos (2). Abnormalities consisted primarily of trophoblast shrinkage from the zona pellucida, dark blastocysts that were irregular in shape, extruded blastomers, irregularly shaped embryos, or embryos with a dark inner cell mass.......Page 571
                                               EMBRYO TRANSFER......Page 573
                                                              RESULTS......Page 574
I. Introduction and Objectives......Page 582
3. Results......Page 585
Materials and Methods: Data were taken from a study of 50 horses recruited directly from draught work in Lahore, Pakistan, in environmental conditions of 30 - 44°C and 13 - 57% relative humidity. These animals were observed for five hours while resting in the shade with access to water to drink ad libitum. Behavioural assessments of heat stress (increased respiratory rate and/ or depth, flared nostrils, head nodding, apathy) and measures of HR, Tre and plasma osmolality were made on admission and at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes. PSI was calculated after Moran et. al (1998a) as follows:......Page 592
Discussion and Conclusions: This preliminary study suggested that the physiological strain index could be useful as a quantitative indicator of thermal strain in horses, complementing the qualitative assessment of heat stress behaviour. It appeared to be valid for use in both dehydrated and euhydrated working horses. Adoption of the PSI as an alternative to assessing changes in either HR or Tre overcomes some of the limitations of either as an individual measure of thermal strain, such as the potential effects of anxiety or ‘emotionality’ leading to elevated HR (Visser et al. 2002) or stress-induced hyperthermia (Bouwknecht et al. 2007). Advantages of the PSI are its relative simplicity and the fact that it provides live data during work or exercise. In theory its application could allow rolling adjustment of conditions (such as management of a horse’s speed or workload) to reduce heat production from working muscle and control the thermal strain experienced. Further research would identify the most appropriate Tmax and HRmax values and scaling factors to produce a convenient 0 to 10 PSI scale for both working and performance horses.......Page 593
ALTINSAAT C.*, SULU N.*, ERGUN A.**, UNER AG*......Page 604
2Centre of Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket,......Page 609
1Equine Practice, BiosLogos Ltd. HRSZ: 044/2, Gyuro, Hungary, H-2464; 2Equine and Small Animal Ambulance, Szeged, Hungary......Page 612
Table......Page 613
 EQUINE MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TENDINOUS LESIONS IN THE HORSE......Page 619
I. Introduction and Objectives......Page 625
INTRODUCTION......Page 627
Mode of Action and Goals of Treatment with Headgear......Page 633
References......Page 634
Treatment......Page 644
Bibliographie......Page 645
Summary......Page 646
Abstract......Page 654
Kovac M.,  Huskamp B., Toth J., Nowak M., Trailovic D. , Doder R. , Tambur Z.......Page 655
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Results & Discussion......Page 663
References......Page 664
Belkhir K., Borsa P., Chikhi L., Raufaste N. & Bonhomme F. (2000) GENETIX, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, CNRS UMR 5000, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier (France). ......Page 668
ABSTRACT......Page 690