Problems of Geocosmos–2020: Proceedings of the XIII International Conference and School (Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences)

Preface
Contents
Exploration and Environmental Geophysics
Segmentation of the Earth’s Crust of the Tien Shan by Geophysical Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Results
	3 Conclusions
	References
Experiment FENICS-2019: Exploration of Electrical Conductivity of the Eastern Fennoscandinavian Shield with Grounded Sections of Power Transmission Lines (In Memory of Abdulkhay Azimovich Zhamaletdinov)
	1 Introduction
	2 Layout and Main Goals of Experiment FENICS-2019
	3 The Array for Measurements
	4 Results and Interpretation
		4.1 Data Treatment
	References
Specifics of the Earth’s Crust Structure in the Potential Gas Hydrate Accumulation Zones of the Arctic Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 The Specifics of the Lithosphere Structure of Potential Gas Hydrate Zones in the Arctic Basin
	3 Conclusions
	References
Deep Factors of Ice Destruction of the Arctic Ocean
	1 Introduction
	2 The Deep Factor of the Arctic Ice Cover Destruction
	3 Conclusions
	References
Verification of the Arctic Magnetic Field Component Model Based on Observations on the CHAMP and Swarm Satellites
	1 Introduction
	2 Verification of the Component Model Based on the Data of the CHAMP and Swarm Spacecraft Measurements
	3 Deep Structure of Magnetoactive Zones of the Arctic
	4 The Deep Structure of the Central Magnetic Zone of the Arctic Ocean
	5 The Deep Structure of the Lena Lithospheric Root
	6 Visualization of Thermofluid Channels and Lenses of the Fluid System
	7 Conclusions
	References
Interpretation of Component Geomagnetic Field Measurements Carried Out on Board a Ferromagnetic Vessel from the Round-the-World Expedition of the R/V “Admiral Vladimirsky” in 2019–2020
	1 Introduction
	2 Magnetometric Laboratory and Verification of the Agreement of Measurements with the Data of the Schooner “Zarya”
		2.1 Gulf of Finland
		2.2 Bay of Biscay
	3 Onboard Magnetic Measurements and Hodograph Application for Horizontal Component Estimates
	4 Determination of SMP by the Value of the Horizontal Component
	5 Conclusions
	References
Integration of Geophysical Methods for Solving Inverse Problems of Exploration Geophysics Using Artificial Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical Statement of the Problem
		2.1 Parameterization Scheme
		2.2 Data
	3 Methodical Statement of the Problem
		3.1 Datasets
		3.2 Reducing the Input Dimension
		3.3 Reducing the Output Dimension
		3.4 Multitask Learning
		3.5 Use of Neural Networks
	4 Results
		4.1 Autonomous Determination
		4.2 Multitask Learning
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Versatile Software for Statistical Data Analysis and Spatial Correlation
	1 Introduction
	2 Architecture
	3 Operating the Service
		3.1 Uploading and Preparing Data
		3.2 Coordinate System Conversion
		3.3 Visualization
		3.4 Brief Statistical Overview
		3.5 Interpolation Methods
		3.6 Interpolation Map
		3.7 Correlation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Paleo-, Earth-, Rock-, Environmental Magnetism, and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Magnetostratigraphic Constraints on the Position of the Tremadocian–Floian Boundary at the Key Section of the Moyero River Valley (Siberian Platform)
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology
	3 Paleomagnetism and Magnetostratigraphy
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Upper Cretaceous Paleomagnetism and Magnetostratigraphy of the Pur-Taz Interfluve (Northern West Siberia)
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
The First Paleomagnetic Data on the Ust-Obor Section (Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia)
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology and Sampling
	3 Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Lithostratigraphy of the Section
		4.2 Scalar Rock Magnetic Parameters (κ, NRM, Qn)
		4.3 Magnetic Hysteresis Parameters
		4.4 Magnetic Anisotropy
		4.5 Magnetic Mineralogy
		4.6 Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Total Remagnetization of Eopleistocene Strata by Normal Field (Age of Magnetization Is Younger Than Fauna Age)
		5.2 Redeposition of Ust-Oborian Fauna in Neopleistocene Strata (Age of Strata Is Younger Than Fauna Age)
	6 Conclusions
	References
Preliminary Rock Magnetic and Paleomagnetic Data from a 14.5 m Core of Lake Kotokel Sediments (Baikal Region)
	1 Introduction
	2 Geology and Sampling
	3 Methods
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Determination of the Position of the South Magnetic Pole Based on Experimental Data Obtained During Russian Round-the-World Expeditions: 1820 (F. Bellingshausen) and 2020 (R/V “Admiral Vladimirsky”)
	1 Introduction
	2 The Results of Measuring the Declination D During the Bellingshausen Expedition
	3 Determination of the SMP Position According to Bellingshausen Data by the Method of Two Great Circles
	4 Determination of SMP Position from Declination Data by Algebraic Methods
		4.1 Equivalent Dipole Method
		4.2 Field Approximation by a Finite Sum of Spherical Harmonics
		4.3 Interpolation Approach
	5 Determination of the SMP Based on the Data of Scalar and Component Measurements Made by the R/V “Admiral Vladimirsky” in the D’Urville Sea Area in 2020
		5.1 Estimate of the SMP Position by Scalar Data
		5.2 Determining the SMP Position from Component Data
	6 Conclusions
	References
Evolution and Statistics of the Geomagnetic Energy and Its Characteristic Timescales Since 1840
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Evolution and Discrete Timescales
	3 Statistics of the Characteristic Timescales
	4 Physical Interpretation of Timescales Statistics
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Heat Transfer Analysis of Tangentially Rotating Fluid Flow Past a Semi-infinite Vertical Cylinder Kept in Uniform Horizontal Magnetic Field Using Non-linear Regression and Back-Propagation Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description and Governing Equations
	3 Numerical Method
	4 Results
		4.1 Field Variables
		4.2 Momentum and Heat Transfer Coefficients
		4.3 Response Surface Method (RSM)
		4.4 Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
		4.5 Kappa Coefficient ()
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	Appendix
	References
Numerical Flow Analysis in Γ Shaped Enclosure: Energy Streamlines and Field Synergy
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulation
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Governing Equations
	3 Numerical Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Streamlines
		4.2 Isotherms
		4.3 Energy Streamlines
		4.4 Field Synergy Principle (FSP)
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Seismology
The Lake Baikal Unified Scaling Law for Earthquake Regional Coefficients
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Data
		3.1 Regional Catalog
		3.2 Declustering Catalog
	4 Conclusion
	References
Clustering as One of Scenario of Development of Instability: An Earthquake Case
	1 Introduction
	2 Typical Scenario of Instability Development Based on Seismological Data
	3 Regional Analysis of the Generalized Vicinity of a Large Earthquake
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Possible Relationship of Some Weak Earthquakes in Turkey with Industrial Explosions
	1 Subject of the Study
	2 Data Features
	3 Daily and Weekly Periodicities
	4 Spatial Data Analysis
	5 Time-Distance Relations
	6 Strange Clusters
	7 Conclusions
	References
Horizontal Velocity Inhomogeneities of the Mantle Under Central Asia from Rayleigh Wave Phase Velocities
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Various Scale PS ECWM-CDP Seismic Prospecting for Crustal Structure Studies
	1 Introduction
	2 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Hypocenters Distribution Based on the Geoelectric Models in the Tien Shan Earthquake-Prone Areas
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Modeling Results
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Application of Adaptive Filtering Techniques for Filtering Induced Seismic Noise
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods to Mitigate Noise in Seismic Records
	3 Adaptive Filtration
	4 Conclusion
	References
On the Question of the Rotational Seismometry Metrology
	1 Introduction
	2 Metrology of Translational Seismometry
	3 Metrology of Rotational Seismometry
	4 The Rotational Teleseismic
	5 Strong Motion Rotational Seismometry
	6 Conclusion
	References
Variations of Ambient Temperature and Following Them Instrumental Noise of Seismic Instruments
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Conclusion
	References
Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Dose Rate Bursts Onboard the ISS and the “Lomonosov” Satellite in the Earth’s Outer Radiation Belt
	1 Introduction
	2 Instruments
	3 Data Processing Methodology
	4 General Patterns of Enhancements
	5 Conclusion
	References
Kamchatka Meteoroid Effects in the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere–Magnetosphere System
	1 Introduction
	2 Governing Equations
	3 Basic Physical Processes in the Geospheres
		3.1 Meteoroid Fragmentation
		3.2 Optical Effect
		3.3 Ballistic Shock Wave
		3.4 Explosive Shock Wave
		3.5 Thermal Effect
		3.6 Meteoroid Plume Ascent
		3.7 Aerosol Descent
		3.8 Turbulence Effect
		3.9 Plasma Effects
		3.10 Magnetic Effect
		3.11 Electric Effect
		3.12 Generation of Ion-Acoustic and Magnetosonic Waves by Infrasound
		3.13 Occurrence of Instabilities
		3.14 Effects of Acoustic  and Atmospheric Gravity Waves
		3.15 Ionospheric Effects
		3.16 Generation of an Alfvén Pulse and MHD Waves
		3.17 Photoionization Capability
		3.18 Seismic Effect
		3.19 The Rate of Falling
	4 Conclusions
	References
Features of Ionospheric and Magnetic Effects of August 5–6, 2019 Noticeable Geospace Storm Over China and Ukraine
	1 Introduction
	2 Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
		2.1 The Fluxmeter–Magnetometer
		2.2 Magnetometer
		2.3 Multi-Frequency Multiple Path HF Doppler Radio System for Oblique-Incidence Sounding the Ionosphere
		2.4 Ionosonde
		2.5 Analysis Methods
		2.6 Analysis of the State of Space Weather
		2.7 Analysis of the Magnetic Storm
		2.8 Analysis of the Ionospheric Conditions
	3 Oblique-Incidence Sounding of the Ionosphere
		3.1 Lintong/Pucheng to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.2 Hwaseong to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.3 Chiba/Nagara to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.4 Beijing to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.5 Goyang to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.6 Ulaanbaatar to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.7 Yakutsk to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.8 Shijiazhuang to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.9 Hohhot to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
		3.10 Yamata to Harbin Radio Propagation Path
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
About Petschek-Type Reconnection Driven by Inhomogeneous Plasma Resistivity
	1 Introduction
	2 Statement of Problem
	3 Results of Calculations
	4 External Reconnection Rate in General Case of Skewed Magnetic Fields
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Sensitivity of Surface Meteorology  to Changes in Cloud Microphysics Associated with IMF By
	1 Introduction
	2 The SOCOL Chemistry-Climate Model and Conducted Experiments
	3 Results
		3.1 Surface Pressure Anomalies
		3.2 Surface Air Temperature Anomalies
	4 Discussion and Summary
	References
UV Pulsations in the Auroral Region According to Measurements on the Lomonosov Satellite
	1 Introduction
	2 The TUS Detector and Data Selection
	3 Results
		3.1 Geographical Distribution and Geomagnetic Activity Analyses
		3.2 Temporal and Spatial Structure of Events
		3.3 Comparison with THEMIS All-Sky Ground-Based Cameras Data
	4 Conclusions
	References
Polar Cap ULF Pulsations: Coordinated Radar-Magnetometer Observations
	1 Introduction: Specific Polar Cap ULF Pulsations
	2 Observational Facilities
	3 Observational Results
		3.1 Typical Events
		3.2 Examples of Simultaneous Ionospheric-Magnetic Pulsations in the Polar Cap
	4 Mechanisms of the Ionospheric Velocity Modulation by MHD Waves
		4.1 Alfven Mode Incidence on the Ionosphere
		4.2 Fast Mode Incidence on the Ionosphere
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Asymmetry of Magnetospheric Configuration and Substorms Occurrence Rate Within a Solar Activity Cycle
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background and Datasets
	3 Observations and Results
		3.1 Correlation Between IMF Bz and Bx and Solar Wind Velocity Vz
		3.2 Superimposed Epoch Analysis of Substorm Onset Data
		3.3 Alfvén Waves and Substorm Occurrence in a Solar Cycle
		3.4 Dipole Tilt Importance
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Lightning Activity of Eruptive Clouds from Shiveluch Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia)
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing Methods
	3 Data and Analysis
	4 Lightning Activity of Eruptive Clouds
	5 Conclusions
	References
Dynamic Characteristics of Field-Aligned Ionospheric Irregularities Under the Conditions of Ionosphere Modification
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Analysis
	3 Conclusions
	References
Estimation of the Parameters of Field-Aligned Ionospheric Irregularities in the Area of Active Impact
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Analysis
	3 Conclusions
	References
Uncertainty of Sunspot Parameters Reconstructed from Early Telescopic Sunspot Observations
	1 Introduction
	2 Uncertainty of Sunspot Groups
	3 Butterfly Diagram
	4 Conclusions
	References