Principles of Pulmonary Protection in Heart Surgery

Front Matter....Pages i-xx
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Anatomy of the Lungs....Pages 3-8
Respiratory Physiology....Pages 9-26
Histological Features of Lungs....Pages 27-32
Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Lung Function, its Control and Regulation....Pages 33-43
Imaging Evaluation of the Thorax....Pages 45-52
Front Matter....Pages 53-53
Endothelial Protection During Heart Surgery and Lung Transplantation....Pages 55-65
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Pulmonary Injury....Pages 67-73
Aprotinin Decreases Lung Reperfusion Injury and Dysfunction....Pages 75-79
Effects of Prostaglandin E1 and Nitroglycerin on Lung Preservation....Pages 81-89
Endothelin and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 91-96
 L -Arginine and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 97-106
The Role of Nitric Oxide in Pulmonary Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 107-112
Activity of Glutathione-Related Enzymes in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury....Pages 113-120
Heart Histopathology in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 121-127
Beating Heart Surgery and Pulmonary Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury....Pages 129-134
Front Matter....Pages 135-135
Mechanisms of Pulmonary Edema....Pages 137-145
Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension: New Challenges....Pages 147-157
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Endarterectomy....Pages 159-169
Eisenmenger Syndrome....Pages 171-177
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Cardiac Surgery....Pages 179-194
Front Matter....Pages 135-135
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension....Pages 195-211
Front Matter....Pages 213-213
The Extracorporeal Circulation Circuit Versus Bioengineering Biomaterials....Pages 215-221
Ischemic Preconditioning and Lung Preservation....Pages 223-234
Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Pulmonary Hemodynamic Variables....Pages 235-238
Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Gas Exchange Features....Pages 239-243
Pulmonary Energy Metabolism and Multiple Inflammatory Repercussions....Pages 245-249
Benefits of Ultrafiltration for Pulmonary Function....Pages 251-261
Principles of Pulmonary Protection During Heart Surgery....Pages 263-268
Front Matter....Pages 269-269
Determining Hemodynamic Parameters....Pages 271-277
Extracorporeal Circuit Pathways for Lung Perfusion....Pages 279-285
Hemodynamic Performance....Pages 287-295
Quality of Gas Exchange....Pages 297-306
Inflammatory Cell Markers....Pages 307-322
Cytokines and Cellular Adhesion Molecules....Pages 323-331
Macroscopical and Microscopical Findings....Pages 333-345
Front Matter....Pages 347-347
Continuous or Intermittent Lung Perfusion with Arterial or Venous Blood....Pages 349-350
Lung Perfusion and Mechanical Ventilation....Pages 351-357
Pulmonary Hemodynamic Profile and Natriuretic Peptides....Pages 359-365
Low-Frequency Mechanical Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass....Pages 367-375
Inhaled Carbon Monoxide as an Experimental Therapeutic Strategy of Lung Protection During Cardiopulmonary Bypass....Pages 377-381
Front Matter....Pages 383-383
Lung Perfusion and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting....Pages 385-391
Lung Perfusion in Clinical Mitral Valve Surgery....Pages 393-395
Lung Perfusion in Clinical Aortic Surgery....Pages 397-405
Lung Perfusion in Clinical Heart-Lung Surgery: Congenital Heart Disease Surgery....Pages 407-412
Retrograde Pulmonary Perfusion for Pulmonary Thromboembolism....Pages 413-416
Lung Perfusion in Clinical Heart-Lung Transplantation....Pages 417-427
Front Matter....Pages 429-429
Principles of Pulmonary Protection During Heart Surgery....Pages 431-440
Lung Perfusion: Reflections and Perspectives....Pages 441-442
Back Matter....Pages 443-453