Principles of Electrochemical Conversion and Storage Devices 1st Edition

fmatter
	Title Page
	Copyright
	Contents
	Preface
ch1
	1.1 Brief History of Electrochemical Cells
	1.2 Configuration of Electrochemical Cells
	1.3 Half‐Reactions in Electrochemical Cells
	1.4 Faradaic and Non‐Faradaic Reactions
	1.5 Nernst Equation
	1.6 Overpotential and Reaction Rate
	1.7 Several Important Features of Electrochemical Cells
	References
	Problems
ch2
	2.1 Open Electrochemical Cell Systems
		2.1.1 Nernst Potential En of Galvanic Cells
		2.1.2 Thermoneutral Potential Etn of Electrolytic Cells
		2.1.3 Thermodynamic Efficiency of Electrochemical Cells
	2.2 Closed Electrochemical Cell Systems
		2.2.1 En of Batteries
		2.2.2 Theoretical Energy Density of Battery Cells
		2.2.3 Maximum Theoretical Charge Capacity of a Battery Cell
		2.2.4 Round‐Trip Efficiency of Battery Cell
	2.3 Temperature Dependence of En and Etn
	2.4 Pressure Dependence of En and Etn
	2.5 Thermal and Chemical Expansion Coefficients
	2.6 Heat Production and Consumption in Electrochemical Cells
	2.7 Gibbs Phase Rule in Electrochemical Cells
	References
	Problems
ch3
	3.1 Bulk Ionic Transport in Solid Inorganic Electrolytes (SIEs)
		3.1.1 Ionic Conductivity
		3.1.2 Extrinsic Ionic Conductors
		3.1.3 Intrinsic Ionic Conductors
		3.1.4 Random‐Walk Theory
	3.2 Ionic Transport in Solid Amorphous Electrolytes
	3.3 Ionic Transport in Aqueous Solution Electrolytes
		3.3.1 Basic Principles
		3.3.2 Ideality versus Non‐ideality
		3.3.3 Walden\'s Law
	3.4 Comparison of Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes
	3.5 Kinetics of Electrode Reactions
		3.5.1 Generic Rate of Electrode Kinetics
		3.5.2 Potential‐Dependent Rate of Electrode Kinetics
			3.5.2.1 Standard Rate Constant ko
			3.5.2.2 Exchange Current Density io
			3.5.2.3 Butler–Volmer Formulation
			3.5.2.4 Mass Transfer Involved Activation Polarization
	References
	Problems
ch4
	4.1 Fuel Cells/Electrolytic Cells Basics
	4.2 Voltage Losses in FCs and ECs
		4.2.1 Ohmic Voltage Loss
		4.2.2 Activation Polarization
		4.2.3 Concentration Polarization
			4.2.3.1 Air‐Electrode
			4.2.3.2 Fuel‐Electrode
			4.2.3.3 Effect of Pressure
			4.2.3.4 Coupled Activation and Concentration Polarizations
	4.3 Efficiencies of Fuel Cells and Electrolytic Cells
		4.3.1 Efficiency of Fuel Cells
		4.3.2 Efficiency of Electrolytic Cells
	4.4 Fuel Cells with Acidic Electrolytes
		4.4.1 PAFC
			4.4.1.1 Electrode Reactions
			4.4.1.2 Cell Components
		4.4.2 PEMFC
			4.4.2.1 Electrode Reactions
			4.4.2.2 Cell Components
			4.4.2.3 Water Management
		4.4.3 Solid Acid Fuel Cells
			4.4.3.1 Electrode Reactions
			4.4.3.2 Cell Components
	4.5 Fuel Cells with Alkaline Electrolytes
		4.5.1 Liquid Alkaline FC
			4.5.1.1 Electrode Reactions
			4.5.1.2 Cell Components
		4.5.2 Anion‐Exchange Membrane (AEM) FC
	4.6 Fuel Cells with Molten Carbonate Electrolytes
		4.6.1 Electrode Reactions
		4.6.2 Components
			4.6.2.1 Electrolyte
			4.6.2.2 Electrolyte Matrix
			4.6.2.3 Cathode
			4.6.2.4 Fuel‐Electrode (Anode)
			4.6.2.5 Interconnect
			4.6.2.6 Impurity Effect
	4.7 Fuel Cells with Solid Oxide Electrolytes
		4.7.1 Electrode Reactions
		4.7.2 Components
			4.7.2.1 Oxide‐Ion‐Conducting Electrolytes
			4.7.2.2 Proton‐Ion‐Conducting Electrolytes
			4.7.2.3 Air‐Electrodes
			4.7.2.4 Fuel‐Electrodes
			4.7.2.5 Interconnects
	4.8 Electrolytic Cells
		4.8.1 Co‐Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O to Syngas
		4.8.2 Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction (CO2RR) to Liquid Chemicals
			4.8.2.1 CO2 to Methanol Conversion
			4.8.2.2 CO2 to Formic Acid Conversion
			4.8.2.3 CO2 to CO Conversion
			4.8.2.4 CO2 to Methane Conversion
			4.8.2.5 CO2 to Ethanol Conversion
			4.8.2.6 CO2 to Ethylene Conversion
	References
	Problems
ch5
	5.1 Battery Basics
		5.1.1 Discharge Curve Shape and Gibbs Phase Rule
		5.1.2 Maximum Voltage and Energy Density of a Battery in General
		5.1.3 Maximum Voltage and Energy Density of a Binary Conversion‐Type Battery
		5.1.4 Maximum Voltage and Energy Density of a Ternary Conversion‐Type Battery
		5.1.5 C‐rate
		5.1.6 Electrochemical Stability Window of Electrolytes
	5.2 Rechargeable Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes
		5.2.1 Aqueous Batteries with Acidic Electrolytes
			5.2.1.1 Lead Acid Battery (LAB)
			5.2.1.2 All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
		5.2.2 Batteries with Alkaline Electrolytes and Ni‐Based Cathode
			5.2.2.1 Ni Cathode Chemistry
			5.2.2.2 “Memory” Effect of Ni‐Cathode
			5.2.2.3 Ni–Cd Battery
			5.2.2.4 Ni–Zn Battery
			5.2.2.5 Ni–Fe Battery
			5.2.2.6 Ni‐Metal Hydride (MH) Battery
			5.2.2.7 Alkaline Metal–Air Batteries
			5.2.2.8 Alkaline Redox Flow Batteries
		5.2.3 Batteries with Neutral Aqueous Electrolytes
	5.3 Rechargeable Batteries with Organic Electrolytes
		5.3.1 Organic Electrolytes
		5.3.2 The “Rocking‐Chair” Battery Concept
		5.3.3 The Intercalation Chemistry
			5.3.3.1 Intercalation/Insertion Reaction
			5.3.3.2 What Determines the Potential of a Redox Couple?
			5.3.3.3 Terminology for Describing Structures of Intercalatable/Insertable Compounds
		5.3.4 Intercalatable/Insertable Electrodes
			5.3.4.1 Cathodes
			5.3.4.2 Anodes
		5.3.5 Conversion Electrodes
			5.3.5.1 Cathodes
			5.3.5.2 Anodes
			5.3.5.3 Beyond Li‐ion Chemistry
	5.4 Rechargeable Batteries with Solid Electrolytes
		5.4.1 Batteries with Oxide‐Based Li‐ion Conductors
		5.4.2 Batteries with Oxide‐Based Na‐Ion Conductors
		5.4.3 Battery with Oxide‐Based Oxide‐Ion Conductor
			5.4.3.1 Configuration and Working Principle
			5.4.3.2 Chemistry
			5.4.3.3 Performance Metrics of SOMARBs
			5.4.3.4 Kinetic Considerations of SOMARBs
	5.5 Primary Batteries
		5.5.1 Batteries with Aqueous Alkaline Electrolytes
			5.5.1.1 Zn‐MnO2
			5.5.1.2 Zn–Air
		5.5.2 Batteries with Organic Electrolytes and Li‐Metal Anode
			5.5.2.1 Li‐MnO2 Battery
			5.5.2.2 Li–FeS2 Battery
			5.5.2.3 Li–CFx Battery
			5.5.2.4 Li–SO2 Battery
			5.5.2.5 Li‐SOCl2
			5.5.2.6 Li–AgV2O5
	References
	Problems
ch6
	6.1 Capacitor Basics
		6.1.1 Capacitance
		6.1.2 Dielectrics
		6.1.3 Capacitors in Electrical Circuits
		6.1.4 Capacitance from CV and GCD
		6.1.5 Capacitors for Electrical Energy Storage
	6.2 Parallel‐Plate Capacitors (PPCs)
	6.3 Electrochemical Double‐layer Capacitors (EDLCs)
	6.4 Electrochemical Pseudocapacitors (ECPCs)
		6.4.1 A Brief History of ECPCs
		6.4.2 ECPC Materials
		6.4.3 Types of ECPCs
		6.4.4 Electrochemical Signatures of ECPCs
	References
	Problems
ch7
	7.1 Controlled Potential Methods
		7.1.1 Constant Potential
		7.1.2 Potential Sweep
			7.1.2.1 Reversible Systems
			7.1.2.2 Totally Irreversible Systems
			7.1.2.3 Quasi‐Reversible Systems
			7.1.2.4 Cyclic Voltammetry
	7.2 Controlled Current Methods
		7.2.1 Constant Current
			7.2.1.1 Reversible Electrode Reactions with Multi‐electron Transfer
			7.2.1.2 Totally Irreversible Electrode Process
			7.2.1.3 Quasi‐reversible Electrode Process
		7.2.2 Coulometric Titration
	7.3 Current Transient Method
		7.3.1 Galvanic Current Interruption
		7.3.2 Galvanic Intermittent Titration (GITT)
	7.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
		7.4.1 EIS Theory
		7.4.2 Experimental Setup
	7.5 Electrical Conductivity
	7.6 Electrical Conductivity Relaxation (ECR) Method
	7.7 Ion Transport Number of Electrolyte
		7.7.1 The Hittorf Method
		7.7.2 The Moving Boundary Method
		7.7.3 Concentration Cell Method
		7.7.4 Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Method
		7.7.5 Evans–Vincent–Bruce Method
	References
	Problems
app1
	A.1 Calomel Electrodes
	A.2 Silver/Silver Chloride Electrodes
	A.3 Converting Potentials Between Reference Electrodes
app2
app3
app4
	Reference
app5
app6
oth
index