Principles of Business Information Systems

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Brief Contents......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Approach of the Text......Page 14
Goals of this Text......Page 15
Changes to the Second Edition......Page 18
Structure of the Text......Page 20
Acknowledgements......Page 22
Digital Resources Page......Page 23
Part 1: Overview......Page 24
Learning Objectives......Page 26
What is a System......Page 27
What is an Information System......Page 29
The Characteristics of Valuable Information......Page 30
Manual and Computerized Information
 Systems......Page 31
Information Systems @ Work: Translating
 Shakespeare into Dothraki......Page 35
Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing
 Systems and Enterprise Resource
 Planning......Page 36
MIS and DSS......Page 39
Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence,
 Expert Systems and Virtual Reality......Page 40
Systems Development......Page 42
Systems Design, Implementation, and
 Maintenance and Review......Page 43
Ethical and Societal Issues: Robots on the
 Loose......Page 44
Security, Privacy and Ethical Issues in
 Information Systems and the Internet......Page 45
Computer and Information Systems
 Literacy......Page 46
Global challenges in information systems......Page 47
Summary......Page 49
Web Exercises......Page 51
Case One: When Online Surveys Go Awry......Page 52
Case Two: Health Information Systems in South
 Africa......Page 53
Case Three: Australian Drones Join The Postal
 Service......Page 54
Notes......Page 55
Learning Objectives......Page 56
An Introduction to Organizations......Page 57
Organizational Structures......Page 59
Organizational Change......Page 62
Ethical and Societal Issues: Customers
 Out of Pocket After Direct Transfer Error......Page 64
Reengineering and Continuous Improvement......Page 66
User Satisfaction and Technology
 Acceptance......Page 67
Information Systems @ Work: Neto Helps
 Australian Small Businesses Get Online......Page 68
The Applications Portfolio......Page 69
Success Factors......Page 70
Factors That Lead Firms to Seek Competitive
 Advantage......Page 71
Productivity......Page 72
Return on Investment and the Value
 of Information Systems......Page 73
Systems Development......Page 74
Support......Page 75
Typical IS Titles and Functions......Page 76
Summary......Page 77
Web Exercises......Page 79
Case One: Cloud Computing and Social Media
 Make Nail Polish Success......Page 80
Case Two: Can You Solve It......Page 81
Notes......Page 83
World Views Case: ABAZONG Training and
 Consulting (Pty) Ltd Helps Organizations and
 Users With Information Security Consultation
 and Training Awareness......Page 84
Part 2: Information  Technology  Concepts......Page 86
Learning Objectives......Page 88
Computer Systems: Integrating the Power
 of Technology......Page 89
Hardware Components......Page 90
Processing and Memory Devices: Power,
 Speed and Capacity......Page 91
Processing Characteristics and Functions......Page 92
Memory Characteristics and Functions......Page 93
Multiprocessing......Page 95
Parallel Computing......Page 96
Secondary Storage......Page 97
Secondary Storage Devices......Page 98
Enterprise Storage Options......Page 101
Characteristics and Functionality......Page 104
Input Devices......Page 105
Output Devices......Page 110
Computer System Types......Page 114
Portable Computers......Page 116
Nonportable Single-User Computers......Page 118
Multiple-User Computer Systems......Page 119
Information Systems @ Work: Printers Arrive
 in the Operating Theatre......Page 120
Green Computing......Page 124
Ethical and Societal Issues: Mobile
 Technology Fighting Human Trafficking......Page 126
Summary......Page 127
Self-Assessment Test......Page 128
Web Exercises......Page 129
Case One: Moore’s Law About to Be Overturned
 106
 Case Two: Sen.Se is Helping to Create the
 Internet of Things......Page 131
Case Three: The €30 computer......Page 132
Notes......Page 133
Learning Objectives......Page 138
Systems Software......Page 139
Supporting Individual, Group and
 Organizational Goals......Page 140
Operating Systems......Page 141
Current Operating Systems......Page 145
Information Systems @ Work: Privacy for
 Everyone, Everywhere......Page 146
Workgroup Operating Systems......Page 148
Operating Systems for Small Computers,
 Embedded Computers and Special-
 Purpose Devices......Page 149
Utility Programs......Page 150
Overview of Application Software......Page 152
Personal Application Software......Page 154
Mobile Application Software......Page 158
Workgroup Application Software......Page 159
Enterprise Application Software......Page 160
Programming Languages......Page 161
Ethical and Societal Issues: Adblockers:
 Salvation for Web Users Or a High-Tech
 Protection Racket......Page 162
Visual, Object-Oriented and Artificial
 Intelligence Languages......Page 163
Software Bugs......Page 165
Freeware and Open-Source Software......Page 166
Software Upgrades......Page 168
Summary......Page 169
Self-Assessment Test......Page 171
Case One: Software Cuts Legal Costs......Page 172
Case Two: Ready. Steady. Go......Page 174
Case Three: Software Error Dooms
 Spacecraft......Page 175
Notes......Page 176
Learning Objectives......Page 180
Data Management and Data Modelling......Page 181
Relationships Between Tables......Page 183
Designing Relational Databases......Page 184
Creating and Modifying the Database......Page 188
Storing and Retrieving Data......Page 189
Manipulating Data and Generating Reports......Page 190
Database Administration......Page 191
Using Databases with Other Software......Page 192
Big Data Applications......Page 193
Data Warehouses......Page 194
Ethical and Societal Issues: Three Words
 and a Few Symbols Cost a Business
 €40m......Page 195
Data Mining......Page 196
Business Intelligence......Page 197
Information Systems @ Work: The IBM
 Quantum Experience......Page 198
Distributed Databases......Page 200
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)......Page 201
Visual, Audio and Other Database Systems......Page 202
Summary......Page 203
web exercises......Page 204
Case One: Just Tell Me My Password
 Already......Page 205
Case Two: Reading Every Book That’s Ever Been
 Written......Page 206
Case Three: Life Is Short. Protect Your Data......Page 207
Notes......Page 208
Learning Objectives......Page 210
Telecommunications......Page 211
Guided Transmission Media Types......Page 212
Wireless Transmission Media Types......Page 215
Telecommunications Hardware......Page 218
Network Types......Page 220
Ethical and Societal Issues: The Great British
 Data Grab......Page 222
Distributed Processing......Page 225
Client/Server Systems......Page 226
Communications Software......Page 227
Securing Data Transmission......Page 229
Virtual Private Network (VPN......Page 230
The Internet......Page 231
How the Internet Works......Page 232
Internet Applications......Page 234
The World Wide Web......Page 235
Information Systems @ Work: Tech Firms
 Plan the Highest Capacity Atlantic Data
 Link......Page 237
Email......Page 241
Intranets and Extranets......Page 242
Summary......Page 243
Web Exercises......Page 246
Case One: Instant Messaging Is Easier To
 Secure Than Email......Page 247
Case Two: Anatomy Of A Hack......Page 248
Case Three: Digital Cartography Gets It
 Wrong......Page 249
Notes......Page 250
World Views Case: IT Purchase Decisions –
 What Should You Buy......Page 252
Learning Objectives......Page 256
Introduction......Page 257
Advantages of ERP Systems......Page 258
Disadvantages of ERP Systems......Page 260
Transaction Processing Systems......Page 261
Transaction Processing Activities......Page 264
Information Systems @ Work: Fast Food
 Chain Yonghe King Upgrades Their
 POS......Page 267
Order Processing Systems......Page 268
Purchasing Systems......Page 270
Electronic Commerce......Page 271
Ethical and Societal Issues: Tracking Staff
 Beyond the Workplace......Page 274
Production and Supply Chain
 Management......Page 276
Customer Relationship Management and
 Sales Ordering......Page 277
Financial and Managerial Accounting......Page 278
International Issues Associated with
 Operational
 Systems......Page 279
Multiple Currencies......Page 280
Summary......Page 281
Review Questions......Page 282
Case One: Non-Linear Presentations......Page 283
Case Two: When Stock Becomes a Liability......Page 285
Case Three: Netflix Analytics Creates Content
 That We’ll Watch......Page 286
Notes......Page 287
Learning Objectives......Page 288
Decision Making and Problem Solving......Page 289
Programmed versus Non-Programmed
 Decisions......Page 290
Sense and Respond......Page 291
Inputs to a Management Information System......Page 292
Outputs of a Management Information
 System......Page 293
Characteristics of a Management
 Information System......Page 296
Functional MIS......Page 297
Financial Management Information Systems......Page 298
Manufacturing Management Information
 Systems......Page 300
Marketing Management Information Systems......Page 303
Human Resource Management Information
 Systems......Page 305
Decision Support Systems......Page 307
Characteristics of a Decision Support
 System......Page 308
Capabilities of a Decision Support System......Page 309
Components of a Decision Support System......Page 310
Information Systems @ Work: Non-Linear
 What-If Analysis in OpenOffice......Page 311
Group Support Systems......Page 314
Ethical and Societal Issues: Online Divorce
 Form Error ‘Could Have Led to Unfair
 Settlements......Page 315
Characteristics of a GSS that Enhance
 Decision Making......Page 316
Executive Support Systems......Page 317
Capabilities of Executive Support Systems......Page 318
Summary......Page 319
Review Questions......Page 321
Case One: Smart Meters Capture Big Data For
 Energy Decisions......Page 322
Case Two: Taking Designs into the Next
 Dimension......Page 323
Case Three: Computer Games as Decision
 Tools......Page 324
Notes......Page 326
Learning Objectives......Page 328
Overview of Knowledge Management
 Systems......Page 329
Obtaining, Storing, Sharing and Using
 Knowledge......Page 330
Technology to Support Knowledge
 Management......Page 331
The Nature of Intelligence......Page 332
The Difference Between Natural and Artificial
 Intelligence......Page 334
The Major Branches of Artificial
 Intelligence......Page 335
Ethical and Societal Issues: Augmented
 Reality’s Killer App......Page 340
When to Use Expert Systems......Page 341
Components of Expert Systems......Page 342
Interface Devices......Page 348
Virtual Reality Applications......Page 349
Summary......Page 350
Self-Assessment Test......Page 351
Case One: A ‘Soft’ Octopus Robot......Page 352
Case Two: 360° Video Makes Virtual Reality
 Accessible......Page 354
Case Three: Game-Show-Winning AI Now
 Diagnoses Rare Diseases......Page 355
Notes......Page 356
Learning Objectives......Page 358
Introduction......Page 359
Mobile Devices......Page 360
Smartphone......Page 361
Wearable Technology......Page 362
Ethical and Societal Issues: Pay Up Or Your
 Data Gets It......Page 363
Information Systems @ Work: The
 Blockchain Creates Tamper-Proof
 Transactions......Page 365
E-Money......Page 366
Tangible Media......Page 367
Personal Robotics......Page 368
Computer Supported Cooperative Work......Page 369
Interactive Whiteboards......Page 370
MMOGs......Page 371
Blogs and Podcasts......Page 372
Manufacturing......Page 373
Marketing......Page 375
Anywhere, Anytime Applications of Mobile
 Commerce......Page 376
Advantages of Electronic and Mobile
 Commerce......Page 377
Summary......Page 378
Review Questions......Page 379
Case One: Someone to Share a Journey
 With......Page 380
Case Two: Kids Finally Get a Real Magic Wand at
 Disney......Page 381
Case Three: Let’s Play and Become Famous......Page 382
Notes......Page 383
World Views Case: Information Systems at
 Damelin, South Africa......Page 385
Part 4: Systems  Development......Page 388
Learning Objectives......Page 390
Participants in Systems Development......Page 391
Information Systems Planning and Aligning
 Organization and IS Goals......Page 393
Establishing Objectives for Systems
 Development......Page 395
The Traditional Systems Development
 Lifecycle......Page 397
Prototyping......Page 399
Information Systems @ Work: Open Source
 Software Conquers Data Science......Page 401
Rapid Application Development, Agile
 Development, Joint Application
 Development and Other Systems
 Development Approaches......Page 402
Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing......Page 403
Involvement......Page 404
Managing Change......Page 405
Quality and Standards......Page 406
Use of Project Management Tools......Page 407
Use of Computer-Aided Software Engineering
 (CASE) Tools......Page 409
Initiating Systems Investigation......Page 410
Feasibility Analysis......Page 411
The Systems Investigation Report......Page 412
Ethical and Societal Issues: The Very Last
 Step in Systems Development......Page 413
Participants in Systems Analysis......Page 414
Data Collection and Analysis......Page 415
The IS Plan......Page 420
Screen and Report Layout......Page 421
The Systems Analysis Report......Page 422
Summary......Page 423
Review Questions......Page 426
Case One: Hackathon Culture......Page 427
Case Two: Failover from Amazon......Page 428
Case Three: The Internet of Bananas 1.0......Page 429
Notes......Page 431
learning objectives......Page 432
Systems design......Page 433
Interface Design and Controls......Page 434
Design of System Security and Controls......Page 435
Generating Systems Design Alternatives......Page 438
The Design Report......Page 443
Information Systems @ Work: Creating
 Computer Games Without Needing to
 Program......Page 444
Systems Implementation......Page 445
Acquiring Software: Make or Buy......Page 446
IS Personnel: Hiring and Training......Page 449
Testing......Page 450
Ethical and Societal Issues: Modelling a
 Mass Shooting......Page 451
Start-Up......Page 452
User Acceptance......Page 453
Reasons for Maintenance......Page 454
The Request for Maintenance Form......Page 455
The Relationship Between Maintenance and
 Design......Page 456
Types of Review Procedures......Page 457
Factors to Consider During Systems Review......Page 458
summary......Page 459
Self-Assessment Test......Page 461
web exercises......Page 462
Case One: Open Source Project Aims to Create
 Artificial Life......Page 463
Case Two: Build Your Own Robot......Page 464
Case Three: GitHub......Page 465
Notes......Page 466
World Views Case: Systems Development at
 Damelin, South Africa......Page 468
Part 5: Information  Systems in  Business and  Society......Page 470
Learning Objectives......Page 472
Computer Waste and Mistakes......Page 473
Preventing Computer-Related Waste
 and Mistakes......Page 474
Information Systems @ Work: Admiral to
 Price Car Insurance Based on Facebook
 Posts......Page 476
Computer Crime......Page 477
Crime Prevention by the State......Page 483
Crime Prevention by Organizations......Page 484
Using Intrusion Detection Software......Page 486
Preventing Crime on the Internet......Page 487
Email Privacy......Page 488
Privacy and the Internet......Page 489
Fairness in Information Use......Page 490
Individual Efforts to Protect Privacy......Page 491
Health Concerns......Page 492
Avoiding Health and Environmental
 Problems......Page 493
Ethical and Societal Issues: Kettle Botnet
 Heats Up......Page 494
Ethical Issues in Information Systems......Page 495
Summary......Page 496
Self-Assessment Test......Page 497
Case One: Open Access Pirates......Page 498
Case Two: The Encryption Row Is Back......Page 499
Case Three: On Patrol With the Love Police......Page 501
Notes......Page 502
World Views Case: Facebook: A Platform
 for Cyberbullying, and Cyber Racism
 or Not......Page 504
Answers to Self-Assessment Tests......Page 506
Glossary......Page 510
Index......Page 522
Credits......Page 528