Principles of behavioral and cognitive neurology

Contents......Page 14
Contributors......Page 18
I. Introduction......Page 22
II. Parts of the Cerebral Cortex......Page 23
III. Cortical Organization, Connectivity, and Transmodal Areas......Page 33
IV. Functions of Individual Cortical Zones: Primary Sensory and Motor Areas......Page 40
V. Functions of Modality-Specific (Unimodal) Sensory Association Areas......Page 44
VI. Motor Association Areas (Premotor Cortex, Supplementary Motor Area, Frontal Eye Fields)......Page 57
VII. Temporal Heteromodal Cortex and Agnosias—Transmodal Gateways for the Recognition of Faces, Objects, and Voices......Page 59
VIII. Wernicke\'s Area as a Temporoparietal Transmodal Gateway for Language......Page 62
IX. Functions and Syndromes of Posterior Parietal Heteromodal Cortex......Page 64
X. Prefrontal Heteromodal Cortex and Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Attention, Executive Functions, and Comportment......Page 66
XI. Paralimbic (Mesocortical) Areas......Page 74
XII. Limbic Structures of the Septal Area, Nucleus Basalis, and Piriform Cortex......Page 80
XIII. The Amygdala, Emotion, and Affiliative Behaviors: Gateway into the Neurology of Value......Page 81
XIV. The Hippocampus and the Binding of Distributed Information into Explicit Memory: Gateway into the Neurology of Recollection......Page 84
XV. The Limbic System......Page 89
XVI. Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum......Page 91
XVII. The Thalamus......Page 96
XVIII. Channel Functions and State Functions......Page 101
XIX. Hemispheric Specialization and Asymmetry......Page 105
XX. Distributed Large-Scale Networks and Their Cortical Epicenters......Page 111
XXI. Overview and Conclusions......Page 116
I. Introduction: General Principles......Page 146
II. General Strategy for the Mental-State Examination and Review of Primary Neurocognitive Domains......Page 148
III. Testing the Elderly and the Diagnosis of Dementia......Page 184
IV. Testing Lobes and Hemispheres......Page 187
V. Overview and Conclusions......Page 189
I. Introduction......Page 199
II. Confusional States as Disorders of the Attentional Matrix......Page 202
III. Biology of the Attentional Matrix......Page 208
IV. Neglect Syndromes as Disorders of Spatial Attention......Page 218
V. Right Hemisphere Dominance for Spatial Attention......Page 238
VI. Functional Anatomy of Unilateral Neglect......Page 243
VII. Dissociations and Subtypes—Is There Parietal Versus Frontal Neglect?......Page 257
VIII. A Neural Network for the Distribution of Spatial Attention......Page 258
IX. Overlap with Other Networks: Eye Movements, Working Memory, and Temporal Expectation......Page 261
X. Causes, Course, and Treatment of Unilateral Neglect and Relationship to Other Components of the Right Hemisphere Syndrome......Page 264
XI. Overview and Conclusions......Page 265
II. The Classic Limbic Amnesic Syndrome......Page 284
III. Memory and Its Disorders......Page 289
IV. The Anatomical Substrates of Memory......Page 293
V. Amnesia Syndromes......Page 307
VI. Memory Rehabilitation......Page 311
VII. Overview......Page 312
I. Introduction......Page 323
II. The Aphasias......Page 325
III. Language Impairments Following Damage Outside Classical Language Territories......Page 334
V. The Role of Nondominant Hemisphere Cortices in Language......Page 336
VI. Aphasia Management......Page 337
VII. Overview......Page 338
I. Introduction......Page 347
II. Neurology of Prosody......Page 348
III. Neurology of Kinesics......Page 349
IV. The Aprosodias......Page 350
V. Clinical Examination of Affective Prosody and Gesture......Page 353
VI. Hemispheric Lateralization of Affective Prosody and Callosal Integration of Language Functions......Page 354
VII. Aprosodias in Tone Languages......Page 356
VIII. Aprosodias, Display Behaviors, and Emotional Experience......Page 357
I. Disorders of Pattern Recognition......Page 363
II. Other Disorders of Face Processing......Page 370
III. Disorders of Color Perception......Page 377
IV. Other Disorders Related to Color Processing......Page 382
V. Disorders of Spatial Analysis......Page 384
VI. Disturbances of Constructional Ability......Page 393
VIII. Concluding Remarks......Page 394
I. Introduction......Page 404
II. Classification and Definition......Page 405
III. Anatomical Pathophysiology......Page 406
IV. Ictal Manifestations of TLE......Page 408
V. Interictal (Long-Term) Associations of TLE......Page 414
VI. The Diagnostic Evaluation and Workup......Page 420
VII. Treatment......Page 422
VIII. Overview......Page 430
I. Introduction......Page 439
II. Unipolar and Bipolar Affective Disorders......Page 443
III. Anxiety-Related Disorders......Page 452
IV. Schizophrenia......Page 458
V. Autism......Page 460
VI. Overview......Page 461
I. Introduction......Page 474
II. Aging and the Human Brain......Page 475
III. The Definition and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia......Page 479
IV. Some Clinical Profiles of Behaviorally Focal Primary Dementias......Page 487
V. Alzheimer\'s Disease—Genetics, Clinical Picture, and Diagnosis......Page 496
VI. The Neuropathology of AD......Page 504
VII. Plasticity Failure—A Hypothesis for Unifying the Pathogenesis of Plaques and Tangles......Page 523
VIII. Some Non-AD Dementias......Page 530
IX. Vascular Dementia [Also Known as Multiinfarct Dementia (MID)]......Page 538
X. Patient Care and Treatment in AD and Other Dementias......Page 541
XI. Overview and Conclusions......Page 543
A......Page 560
B......Page 562
C......Page 563
E......Page 565
G......Page 566
I......Page 567
L......Page 568
M......Page 569
N......Page 570
O......Page 571
P......Page 572
S......Page 574
T......Page 575
V......Page 576
W......Page 577