Primary Research and Writing: People, Places, and Spaces

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents in Brief
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I PRIMARY RESEARCH AND RHETORICAL TOOLS
	1 Introduction to Primary Research
		Defining Primary Research
		Locating Primary Materials
			Family Archives
			Government Records
			Libraries
			Organizations
			Digital Spaces/Records
		Communities in Context: Rate My Professors.com
		Creating an Archive
		Highlighting the Role of the Researcher in Archival Research
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Amanda Gable: Historical Fiction Writer
		Reading: “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker
		Chapter Summary
	2 Defining and Engaging with Communities
		Defining Community
		Community Components
		Types of Communities
		Communities in Context: Global Surfers
			Personal/Family Communities
			Geographical Communities
			Academic Communities
		Reading: “UND nickname still point of discussion/NCAA: American Indian nicknames are ‘hostile and abusive’”
			Social Communities
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Andrea Kitta: Folklorist
		Organization or Business Communities
		Engaging with Communities
		Reading: “1910 Time Capsule Opened at Cleveland Elementary” by Jill Tucker
		Student Writing: “Los Latinos en Marietta” by Nico Augsburger
		Understanding Communities Through Research
			Archival Research and Artifacts
			Observation
			Interviews
			Surveys and Questionnaires
			Secondary Research
		Researching an Online Community
		Student Writing: “IGN.com Archive” by Christopher Snipes
		Chapter Summary
		Appendix: List of Select Online Community Archives
	3 Identifying a Research Topic and Thinking Like a Researcher
		Curiosity and Inquiry
		Student Writing: “The Evolution of Healthcare in North Carolina” by Ruth-Ann Styron
		Invention Strategies and Heuristics
		Freewriting
		Student Writing: “Reasons Why (or Why Not) to Join a Sorority?” by Helen Gaillet
			Clustering
			Cubing
			Burke’s Pentad
		Reading: “Lessons Not Learned: A Year After the Gulf Oil Spill, Oil Remains, But New Permits are Granted” by Ethan Goffman
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Becky Needham: Chamber of Commerce Membership Manager
		Exploring Your Personal and Academic Interests
		Communities in Context: Reddit.com
		Thinking Like a Researcher
		Reading: “James Todd, From Anthropologist to Researcher of NASCAR and Southern Culture” by Mark Emmons
		Chapter Summary
	4 Becoming an Authority on a Topic
		Developing a Research Question
		Becoming an Expert
		Reading: Our Lady of the Angels Firefighter Dies
		Communities in Context: Firehouse.com
		Moving Between Primary and Secondary Research Sources
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Caitlin Hale: Newspaper Journalist/Editor in Chief
		Incorporating Research Findings
			Quoting
			Summarizing
			Paraphrasing
			Plagiarism
		Student Writing: “Out of the Ashes” by Robert Brennan
		Chapter Summary
PART II METHODS FOR INQUIRY AND CONDUCTING ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
	5 Beginning Archival Research: A Practical Guide
		The Unexpected Find
		Selecting and Describing an Artifact
		Student Writing: “Boots Made to Last” by Sgt. Pugh
		Communities in Context: Galveston, TX
			Investigating Contemporary Reception
		Researching Primary Materials
			Conduct Preliminary Research Online
			Cultural Context
		Student Writing: “Researching Photographs Project” by Alison Carter, Rachel Smith, and Tiffany Watkins
			Contact the Librarian or Curator
		Student Writing: Sample Student Letter
			Compile the Necessary Documents
		Student Writing: Sample Student Project Description
			Make a List of Equipment You Will Need
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Shelby Reap: Architectural Historian
		Corroborating Primary Investigation Through Secondary Research
		Student Writing: “Scrapbooks to Speeches: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Public and Private Writings of Harriet Morehead Berry” by Elizabeth Garrard
		Chapter Summary
	6 Fieldwork and Ethnographic Observation
		Defining Ethnography and Fieldwork
		Profile of Primary Researchers: Jenna Burrell, Heather Ford, Tricia Wang, and Rachelle Annechino: Ethnographers
		Reading: “A Day in the Life: 3-wheeled Vehicle-based Fruit Vendor” by Zach Hyman
			Ethnographic Research Methods
				Observation and Thick Description
		Communities in Context: MiniForum.com
			Field Notes
				Analyzing Field Notes
		Reading: Observation of Piedmont Park
			Storytelling
		Reading: Excerpt from “No Name Woman” by Maxine Hong Kingston
		Student Writing: “The ER Can’t (and Probably Won’t Without Insurance) Put Humpty Dumpty Together Again” by Benjamin Harris
		Researcher’s Point of View
		Student Writing: “Gold’s Gym: Observation of a Fitness Community” by Brandon Bragg
		Chapter Summary
	7 Interviews: Researching People
		Why Interview
		Who to Interview
		When to Interview
		Asking for an Interview
		Structuring the Interview
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Wade Mahon: Editor of Issues in Writing
		Designing Interviews and Formulating Questions
			Closed Questions
			Open-Ended Questions
		Conducting Interviews
			Listening
		Types of Interviews
			Oral History
		Reading: “Good Will Hunting: An Oral History” by Janelle Nanos
		Communities in Context: StoryCorps—Every Voice Matters
			Informational or Expert Interviews
		Reading: “Business is People” by Chet Cooper
		Research Ethics
		Student Writing: “Profile Assignment” by Samuel Martin
		Chapter Summary
		Interview/Oral History Digital Resources
	8 Surveys: Researching Beliefs, Opinions, and Attitudes
		Generating Research Through Surveys
		Reading: “Survey: Instant Messaging will Surpass Email” by Mitch Betts
		Types of Surveys
			Evaluation/Assessment Surveys
			Attitude/Belief/Behavior Surveys
			Quality of Life Surveys
			Marketing Research Surveys
			Usability/User-testing Surveys
		Communities in Context: Research Access
		Writing and Designing Surveys
		Student Writing: “Hurricane Katrina Survivor Movie: Response Survey” by Wendy Goff
			Writing Survey Questions
			Assessing Questions
		Survey Delivery and Sampling
		Managing Survey Results
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Mandee Foushee: Analyst for a Survey Research Center
		Reading: Community Land Use Survey
		Chapter Summary
PART III WRITING AND DELIVERING YOUR RESEARCH
	9 A Rhetorical Approach to Research and Writing
		Deliberative Rhetoric
		Judicial Rhetoric
		Ceremonial Rhetoric
		Reading: “Commencement Address” by Tom Brokaw
		Communities in Context: American Rhetoric, The Power of Oratory
		The Elements of Rhetorical Situations
			Writer
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Kristin English: Public Relations
			Purpose
			Audience
			Context
			Genres and Delivery
		The Rhetorical Appeals
			Ethos
		Student Writing: Analyzing Ethos
			Pathos
		Student Writing: Analyzing Pathos
			Logos
		Student Writing: Analyzing Logos
		Analyzing and Incorporating Primary Materials
		Reading: “Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention” by Institute of Medicine committee
		Chapter Summary
	10 Reporting and Delivering Research Findings
		Gathering Research Findings
		Analyzing and Interpreting Research Findings
		Profile of a Primary Researcher: Emma Buchanan: Quality Investigator
		Research Tools for Analysis
			Matrix
			Spreadsheets
			Graphic Organizer
		Communities in Context: Pew Research Center
		Moving Through the Writing Process
		Determining Your Writing Process
		“Writing Up” and Reporting Your Research Findings
		Drawing Conclusions
		Making Recommendations
		Adding to an Archive
		Moving from Pre-writing to Drafting
			Organizational Strategies
				Chronological Organization
				Hierarchical Organization
				Spatial Organization
				Comparison and Contrast Organization
				IMRAD Organization
			The Introduction and Conclusion
		Reading: “Shitty First Drafts” by Anne Lamont
		Framing Your Research Findings
		Revision Strategies
		Student Writing: “Occupational Writing in Wildlife Biology” by Stephen Parker
		Engaging in Reflection
		Chapter Summary
	11 Documenting Your Research: MLA
		In-Text Citations
			Work with One Author
				Basic Entry: Author Named in In-Text Signal Phrase
				Basic Entry: Author’s Name in Parenthetical Citation
			Two or More Works by the Same Author
			Two or More Authors with the Same Last Name
			Work with Two or Three Authors
			Work with More Than Three Authors
			Part of a Work
			Organization as Author
			Indirect Source (Author Quoting Someone Else)
			Multivolume Work
			Work Cited By Title
		Works Cited
			Non-Periodical Print Sources
				Book with One Author
				Book with Two or Three Authors
				Book with More Than Three Authors
				Organization as Author
				Unknown Author
				Two or More Books by the Same Author
				Author and Editor Both Named
				Editor, No Author Named
				Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry
				Work in an Anthology
				Two or More Items from the Same Anthology
				A Translation
				Book with Both Translator and Editor
				Edition or Translation of a Book by a Non-specified Author
				Book in a Language Other Than English
				Edition Other Than the First
				One Volume of a Multivolume Work
				Preface, Foreword, Introduction, or Afterword
				Book as Part of a Series
				Republication (Newer Edition of an Older Book)
				Book with a Title within the Title
				Government Document
				Sacred Text
				Brochure, Pamphlet, or Press Release
		Periodical Print Sources
			Article in a Journal
			Article in a Magazine
			Article that Skips Pages
			Article with a Title within a Title
			Newspaper Article
			Letter to the Editor
			Review
		Electronic and Web Sources
			Archives Online
			Manuscript or Other Unpublished Work
			An Entire Work: Online
			Literary Works: Online
			Visuals Included in the Text
			Article from a Database
			Article in a Magazine: Online
			Online Book
			Online Report
			Online Editorial or Letter
			Online Review
			Entry in an Online Reference Work
			Part of a Website
			Entire Website
			Citing Online Archives: Websites
			Academic Course Web Page
			Entire Web Log (Blog)
			Post or Comment on a Web Log (Blog)
			Post to a Discussion or Newsgroup
			Entry in a Wiki
			Electronic Message
		Other Common Sources
			Film or Video
			Television or Radio Program
			Broadcast Interview: On Air
			Unpublished or Personal Interview
			Sound Recording
			Musical Composition: Not a Specific Recording
			Lecture or Speech
			Live Performance
			Podcast
			Work of Art or Photograph
			Map or Chart
			Cartoon or Comic Strip
			Advertisement
			Published Proceedings of a Conference
			Dissertation, Thesis, or Abstract
			Transcripts
			Published Interview
			Letters
			Legal Source
		Creating and Citing Notes
		Sample Student Paper Using MLA Documentation
		Student Writing: “From Vines to Wine: The Story of Duplin Winery” by Daniel Jerome Fussell
	12 Documenting Your Research: APA
		In-Text Citations
			Work with One Author
				Basic Entry: Author’s Name in Parenthetical Citation
				Basic Entry: Author Named in In-Text Signal Phrase
			Two or More Works by the Same Author
			Two or More Authors with the Same Last Name
			Work with Two Authors
			Work with Three or More Authors
			Part of a Work
			Organization as Author
			Indirect Source (Author Quoting Someone Else)
			Multivolume Work
			Work Cited By Title
		Creating and Citing Notes
		List of References
		Non-Periodical Print Sources
			Book with One Author
			Book with Two or More Authors
			Organization as Author
			Unknown Author
			Two or More Books by the Same Author
			Author and Editor Both Named
			Editor, No Author Named
			Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry
			Work in an Anthology
			A Translation
			Book with Both Translator and Editor
			Book in a Language Other Than English
			Edition Other Than the First
			One Volume of a Multivolume Work
			Preface, Foreword, Introduction, or Afterword
			Book as Part of a Series
			Republication (Newer Edition of an Older Book)
			Book with a Title within the Title
			Government Document
			Sacred Text
			Brochure, Pamphlet, or Press Release
		Periodical Print Sources
			Article in a Journal
			Article in a Magazine
			Article that Skips Pages
			Article with a Title within a Title
			Newspaper Article
			Letter to the Editor
			Review
		Electronic and Web Sources
			Manuscript or Other Unpublished Work
			Literary Works: Online
			Visuals Included in the Text
			Article from a Database
			Article in a Magazine: Online
			Online Book
			Online Report
			Online Editorial or Letter
			Online Review
			Entry in an Online Reference Work
			Part of a Website
			Entire Website
			Post or Comment on a Web Log (Blog)
			Post to a Discussion or Newsgroup
			Entry in a Wiki
			Electronic Message
		Other Common Sources
			Film or Video
			Television Program
			Broadcast Interview: On Air
			Unpublished or Personal Interview
			Sound Recording
			Lecture or Speech
			Live Performance
			Podcast
			Work of Art or Photograph
			Map or Chart
			Cartoon or Comic Strip
			Advertisement
			Published Proceedings of a Conference
			Dissertation, Thesis, or Abstract
			Transcripts
			Published Interview
			Letters
			Legal Source
		Sample Student Paper Using APA Documentation
		Student Writing: “George H. Sutton: The Portrait of a Billiards Expert” by Brian Lee Havens
Appendix: Archival Resources
Index