Priesthood, Cult, and Temple in the Aramaic Scrolls from Qumran: Analyzing a Pre-Hasmonean Jewish Literary Tradition (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, 145)

Contents
Acknowledgements
Tables
Abbreviations
1
Introduction
	1	Introducing the Book
	2	Introducing the Material
	3	Overview of the Book
	4	Defining the “Aramaic Scrolls”
	5	Defining the Adjective “Priestly”
		5.1	Priesthood
		5.2	Cult
		5.3	Temple
	6	Situating the Aramaic Scrolls in a Socio-Historical Context
	7	Polemic or Persuasion?
2
The Aramaic Dead Scrolls in Scholarly Context
	1	Introduction
	2	Earlier Treatments of the Aramaic Scrolls
	3	Classifying the Aramaic Scrolls
	4	The Aramaic Scrolls and the Hebrew Scriptures
	5	The Aramaic Scrolls and Apocalyptic Literature/Apocalypticism
	6	The Aramaic Scrolls and Foreign Culture
	7	The Aramaic Scrolls and the Qumran Sectarian Compositions
	8	Conclusion
3
From Enoch to Abraham
	1	Introduction
	2	The Book of Watchers
		2.1	The Priestly Qualities of Enoch and the Angelic Host
		2.2	Exogamy as a Violation of Priestly Prohibitions
		2.3	The Earthly Temple, Jerusalem, and the Eschaton
		2.4	The Heavenly Realm as a Temple
		2.5	Conclusion
	Excursus: Criticism of the Jerusalem Priesthood in the 
Book of Watchers?
		1	Introduction
		2	Suter, Nickelsburg, and the Foundations of a Consensus
		3	Critical Responses to Suter and Nickelsburg
		4	Condemning the Contemporary Jerusalem Priesthood?
		5	Polemicizing against Menstrual Impurity?
		6	A Problematic Methodology?
		7	Conclusion
	3	The Animal Apocalypse (1 En. 85–90)
	4	The Apocalypse of Weeks (1 En. 93:1–10; 91:11–17)
	5	Genesis Apocryphon (1Q20)
		5.1	Noah’s Atoning Sacrifice
		5.2	Abraham’s Cultic Activity
		5.3	Conclusion
4
From Isaac to Aaron
	1	Introduction
	2	Testament of Jacob? (4Q537)
		2.1	A Vision of the Temple Cult
		2.2	The Temple and Its Environs
		2.3	Priests, Sacrificial Procedure, and Consumption
		2.4	Conclusion
	3	New Jerusalem (1Q32, 2Q24, 4Q554–555, 5Q15, 11Q18)
		3.1	Gates, Boulevards, and the Location of the Temple
		3.2	The Architecture of the Temple
		3.3	The Priesthood and Its Rituals
		3.4	Conclusion
	4	Aramaic Levi Document (1Q21; 4Q213–214b)
		4.1	The Elevation of Levi
		4.2	The Foundations of Levi’s Priesthood
		4.3	The Eternal Duration of Levi’s Priesthood
		4.4	The Character of Levi’s Priesthood
		4.5	Summary
		4.6	Socio-Historical Context
		4.7	Conclusion
	5	Apocryphon of Levib? (4Q541)
		5.1	An Eschatological Priest
		5.2	An Interpretative Background
		5.3	Noah and the Eschatological Priest
		5.4	Conclusion
	6	Testament of Qahat (4Q542)
		6.1	Inheritance and the Priesthood
		6.2	Priestly Language
		6.3	The Elevation of Qahat
		6.4	Conclusion
	7	Visions of Amram (4Q543–547)
		7.1	Priestly Material in Amram’s Dream-Vision
		7.2	Aaron’s Priesthood
		7.3	The Priestly Genealogy
		7.4	Cultic Activity
		7.5	Conclusion
5
Miscellaneous Compositions
	1	Introduction
	2	Tobit (4Q196–199)
		2.1	Tobit’s Jerusalem-Centric Piety
		2.2	The Historical and Future Role of Jerusalem and Its Temple
		2.3	Conclusion
	3	Pseudo-Danielc (4Q245)
	4	Unidentified Text A (4Q562)
	5	Biblical Chronology (4Q559)
6
Synthesis
	1	Introduction
	2	The Priesthood
		2.1	Cultic Obligations
		2.2	Wisdom and Scribal Training
		2.3	Judicial Responsibilities
		2.4	A Royal Priesthood
		2.5	Miscellaneous
		2.6	The Levitical-Priestly Genealogy
		2.7	The Priesthood and the Patriarchs of Israel
		2.8	The Priesthood and the Prediluvian Age
		2.9	The Perpetual Endurance of the Priesthood
		2.10	The Organization of the Priesthood
	3	The Cult
		3.1	Sacrificial Procedure
		3.2	Scriptural Engagement
		3.3	A Cultic Worldview
	4	Jerusalem and the Temple(s)
		4.1	Descriptions of the City and Temple
		4.2	The City and Temple in Israel’s History and Future
		4.3	A Cult Outside of Jerusalem?
	5	Conclusion
7 Situating the Aramaic Scrolls: A Preliminary Suggestion
	1	The Aramaic Scrolls in Context
	2	Levites, Aaronides, and Zadokites
		2.1	A Zadokite Priesthood?
		2.2	A Bipartite Division of the Priesthood: Priests and Levites
	3	Priests and Scribes
		3.1	“The Scribes”
		3.2	Scribes, Priests, and the Temple
		3.3	Additional Models for Relating Priests and Scribes
		3.4	Summary and Suggestions for Future Research
	4	Conclusion
Bibliography
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Ancient Sources