PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN MANUAL

Front Cover......Page 1
PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN MANUAL......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface to the 4th Edition......Page 10
Chapter
1 - General Topics......Page 12
Stress Analysis......Page 13
Stress/Failure Theories......Page 14
Failures in Pressure Vessels......Page 18
Loadings......Page 19
Stress......Page 21
Thermal Stresses......Page 24
Discontinuity Stresses......Page 25
Fatigue Analysis for Cyclic Service......Page 26
Creep......Page 35
Cryogenic Applications......Page 43
Service Considerations......Page 45
Items to be Included in a User's Design Specification (UDS) for ASME VIII-2 Vessels......Page 46
References......Page 47
Chapter 2 - General Design......Page 48
Procedure 2-1: General Vessel Formulas [1,2]......Page 49
Procedure 2-2: External Pressure Design......Page 53
Procedure 2-3: Properties of Stiffening Rings......Page 62
Procedure 2-4: Code Case 2286 [1,8,21]......Page 65
Procedure 2-5: Design of Cones......Page 69
Procedure 2-6: Design of Toriconical Transitions [1,3]......Page 78
Procedure 2-7: Stresses in Heads Due to Internal Pressure [2,3]......Page 81
Procedure 2-8: Design of Intermediate Heads [1,3]......Page 85
Procedure 2-9: Design of Flat Heads [1,2,4,5,6]......Page 87
Procedure 2-10: Design of Large Openings in Flat Heads [1]......Page 92
Procedure 2-11: Calculate MAP, MAWP, and Test Pressures......Page 94
Procedure 2-12: Nozzle Reinforcement......Page 96
Procedure 2-14: Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)......Page 101
Procedure 2-15: Buckling of Thin Wall Cylindrical Shells [21]......Page 106
Procedure 2-16: Optimum Vessel Proportions [16-20]......Page 107
Procedure 2-17: Estimating Weights of Vessels and Vessel Components......Page 113
Procedure 2-18: Design of Jacketed Vessels......Page 135
Procedure 2-19: Forming Strains/Fiber Elongation......Page 145
References......Page 149
Chapter
3 - Flange Design......Page 150
Introduction......Page 151
Procedure 3-1: Design of Flanges [1–4]......Page 159
Procedure 3-2: Design of Spherically Dished Covers......Page 176
Procedure 3-3: Design of Blind Flanges with Openings [1,4]......Page 178
Procedure 3-4: Bolt Torque Required for Sealing Flanges [5–7]......Page 180
Procedure 3-5: Design of Studding Outlets......Page 183
Procedure 3-6: Reinforcement for Studding Outlets......Page 186
Procedure 3-7: Studding Flanges......Page 187
Procedure 3-8: Design of Elliptical, Internal Manways......Page 192
Procedure 3-9: Through Nozzles......Page 193
References......Page 194
Chapter
4 - Design of Vessel Supports......Page 196
Introduction: Support Structures......Page 197
Procedure 4-1: Wind Design Per ASCE [1]......Page 200
Procedure 4-2: Seismic Design – General......Page 210
Procedure 4-3: Seismic Design for Vessels [2]......Page 215
Procedure 4-4: Seismic Design – Vessel on Unbraced Legs [4–7]......Page 219
Procedure 4-5: Seismic Design – Vessel on Braced Legs......Page 228
Procedure 4-6: Seismic Design – Vessel on Rings [4,5,8]......Page 234
Procedure 4-7: Seismic Design – Vessel on Lugs [5,8–13]......Page 240
Procedure 4-8: Seismic Design – Vessel on Skirt [1,2,3]......Page 250
Procedure 4-9: Seismic Design – Vessel on Conical Skirt......Page 259
Procedure 4-10: Design of Horizontal Vessel on Saddles [1,3,14,15]......Page 264
Procedure 4-11: Design of Saddle Supports for Large Vessels [4,15–17,20]......Page 278
Procedure 4-12: Design of Base Plates for Legs [20,21]......Page 286
Procedure 4-13: Design of Lug Supports......Page 289
Procedure 4-14: Design of Base Details for Vertical Vessels – Shifted Neutral Axis Method [4,9,13,17,18]......Page 292
Procedure 4-15: Design of Base Details for Vertical Vessels – Centered Neutral Axis Method......Page 302
Procedure 4-16: Design of Anchor Bolts for Vertical Vessels......Page 304
Procedure 4-17: Properties of Concrete......Page 306
References......Page 307
Chapter
5. Vessel Internals......Page 308
Procedure 5-1: Design of Internal Support Beds......Page 309
Procedure 5-2: Design of Lattice Beams......Page 321
Procedure 5-3: Shell Stresses due to Loadings at Support Beam Locations......Page 327
Procedure 5-4: Design of Support Blocks......Page 330
Procedure 5-5: Hub Rings used for Bed Supports......Page 332
Procedure 5-6: Design of Pipe Coils for Heat Transfer [1-9]......Page 337
Procedure 5-7: Agitators/Mixers for Vessels and Tanks......Page 356
Procedure 5-8: Design of Internal Pipe Distributors......Page 364
Procedure 5-9: Design of Trays......Page 377
Procedure 5-10: Flow Over Weirs......Page 386
Procedure 5-11: Design of Demisters......Page 387
Procedure 5-12: Design of Baffles [10]......Page 392
Procedure 5-13: Design of Impingement Plates......Page 402
References......Page 403
Chapter 6 - Special Designs......Page 404
Procedure 6-1: Design of Large-Diameter Nozzle Openings [1]......Page 405
Large Openings—Membrane and Bending Analysis......Page 408
Procedure 6-2: Tower Deflection [3]......Page 410
Procedure 6-3: Design of Ring Girders [4–8]......Page 413
Procedure 6-4: Design of Vessels with Refractory Linings [9–12]......Page 417
Procedure 6-5: Vibration of Tall Towers and Stacks [13–23]......Page 429
Procedure 6-6: Underground Tanks & Vessels......Page 439
Procedure 6-7: Local Thin Area (LTA) [2]......Page 443
References......Page 444
Chapter
7 - Local Loads......Page 446
Procedure 7-1: Stresses in Circular Rings [1–6]......Page 448
Procedure 7-2: Design of Partial Ring Stiffeners [7]......Page 457
Procedure 7-3: Attachment Parameters......Page 459
Procedure 7-4: Stresses in Cylindrical Shells from External Local Loads [7,9,10,11]......Page 460
Procedure 7-5: Stresses in Spherical Shells from External Local Loads [11–13]......Page 476
References......Page 483
Chapter
8 - High Pressure Vessels......Page 484
1.0.
General......Page 485
2.0.
Shell Design......Page 507
3.0.
Design of Closures......Page 513
4.0.
Nozzles......Page 562
5.0. References......Page 567
Chapter 9 - Related Equipment......Page 568
Procedure 9-1: Design of Davits [1,2]......Page 569
Procedure 9-2: Design of Circular Platforms......Page 574
Procedure 9-3: Design of Square and Rectangular Platforms......Page 582
Procedure 9-4: Design of Pipe Supports......Page 587
Procedure 9-5: Shear Loads in Bolted Connections......Page 595
Procedure 9-6: Design of Bins and Elevated Tanks [3–9]......Page 597
Procedure 9-7: Field-Fabricated Spheres......Page 605
References......Page 641
Chapter 10 - Transportation and Erection of Pressure Vessels......Page 642
Procedure 10-1: Transportation of Pressure Vessels......Page 643
Procedure 10-2: Erection of Pressure Vessels......Page 671
Procedure 10-3: Lifting Attachments and Terminology......Page 677
Procedure 10-4: Lifting Loads and Forces......Page 686
Procedure 10-5: Design of Tail Beams, Lugs, and Base Ring Details......Page 692
Procedure 10-6: Design of Top Head and Cone Lifting Lugs......Page 702
Procedure 10-7: Design of Flange Lugs......Page 706
Procedure 10-8: Design of Trunnions......Page 717
Procedure 10-9: Local Loads in Shell Due to Erection Forces......Page 721
Procedure 10-10: Miscellaneous......Page 724
Chapter 11 - Materials......Page 730
11.1. Types of Materials......Page 731
11.2. Properties of Materials......Page 734
11.3. Bolting......Page 739
11.4. Testing & Examination......Page 743
11.5. Heat Treatment......Page 749
Appendices......Page 754
Appendix A: Guide to ASME Section VIII, Division 1......Page 755
Appendix B: Design Data Sheet for Vessels......Page 756
Appendix C: Joint Efficiencies (ASME Code) [3]......Page 757
Appendix D: Properties of Heads......Page 759
Appendix E: Volumes and Surface Areas of Vessel Sections......Page 760
Appendix F: Vessel Nomenclature and Definitions......Page 766
Appendix G: Useful Formulas for Vessels [1,2]......Page 775
Appendix H: Metric Guidelines and Conversions......Page 779
Appendix I: Allowable Compressive Stress for Columns, FA......Page 783
Appendix J: Design of Flat Plates......Page 786
Appendix K: Time Required to Drain Vessels......Page 788
Appendix L: Vessel Surge Capacities and Hold-Up Times......Page 790
Appendix M: Minor Defect Evaluation Procedure......Page 791
Appendix N: Tolerances......Page 792
Appendix O: Guideline for Application of Pressure Relief Values (PRVs)......Page 812
References......Page 813
Index......Page 814