Press Freedom and the (Crooked) Path Toward Democracy: Lessons from Journalists in East Africa (Journalism and Political Communication Unbound)

Cover
Half-Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
1. Introduction: East Africa Media Histories and Critique of Existing Frameworks
	Media Landscapes
		The Land of a Thousand Hills: News Media in Rwanda
		The Pearl of Africa: News Media in Uganda
		The Gateway to East Africa: News Media in Kenya
	Theories of Media Systems
	New Considerations for Understanding Press Freedom and Media Development
2. Rwanda: A Linear Progression Toward Press Freedom and Democracy?
	Perceptions of Press Freedom
		Outsiders’ Perspective
		Insiders’ Perspective
	Evolution of Press Freedom: Historical, Political, Cultural Context
		Political History Sets the Stage
		Laws Resulting From the Genocide Restrict Journalists
		Journalists View Their Roles as Unifiers, Self-.Censor
		Public Trust in Media Remains High
		Social and Economic Progress Proves Unprecedented
		President Kagame Maintains Tight Reins
	Future of Press Freedom Remains Uncertain
3. Uganda: Ebbs and Flows in Press Freedom and Democracy in the Pearl of Africa
	Perceptions of Press Freedom
		Outsiders’ Perspective
		Insiders’ Perspective
	Challenges to Press Freedom: Political Actions and Ideologies
		Political History Leaves Impact
		Government Interference Still Pervasive
		Repressive Laws Restrain Reporters
		Unethical Behaviour Creates Vicious Cycle
	Journalists Pessimistic About Future of Press Freedom
4. Kenya: Despite Challenges, Growing Press Freedom in the Gateway to East Africa
	Perceptions of Press Freedom
		Scholars’ and Activists’ Perspectives
		Journalists’ Perspectives
	Factors That Have Hurt—.and Helped—.Press Freedom
		Media Freedoms Change Alongside the Presidency
		Press Freedom Regresses After Post-.Election Violence
		Entangled Relationship Between Politicians and the Press Provokes Self-.Censorship
	Specific Factors Push Kenya’s Press Freedom Ahead of Its Neighbours
		International Connections Elevate Media
		Empowered Citizens Advocate for Press Freedom
5. Democracy’s Hiccups: Factors That Regress and Progress Press Freedom
	Variables That Impact Press Freedom Based on Conversations with Journalists
		Distance From Conflict
		Political Benchmarks
			Length and Scope of Leadership
			Elections and Their Aftermath
			Media Ownership
			Interpretation and Enforcement of Laws
		International Linkages
		Growth of a Vibrant Civil Society
			Nongovernmental Organizations
			Social Norms
			Journalism Culture
	Summary
6. Conclusion: A Call for New Considerations in Understanding Press Freedom
	Summary of Press Freedom—.and Its Complexities—.in Each Country
		Revisiting the Theories and Ranking Systems
		Influencing Factors to Consider
		How the Factors May Enhance Existing Models
		Wrapping Up and Looking Ahead
Appendix: Methods
Bibliography
Index