Prehospital Care of Neurologic Emergencies (Cambridge Medicine)

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title page......Page 5
Copyright information......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Table of contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 13
Moderate quality......Page 15
Overview......Page 16
Physiology......Page 17
Categories of dizziness......Page 19
Moderate-quality recommendations......Page 23
Low-quality recommendations......Page 26
Summary......Page 27
References......Page 28
Moderate quality......Page 32
Overview......Page 33
Migraine......Page 36
Caffeine withdrawal......Page 37
Infectious......Page 38
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)......Page 39
Neoplastic......Page 40
Oxygen......Page 41
Opioid......Page 44
Other......Page 45
Summary......Page 46
References......Page 47
High quality......Page 53
Low quality......Page 54
Overview......Page 55
EMS management......Page 56
Characterizing seizures......Page 58
On scene approach......Page 60
Studies......Page 61
Moderate-quality recommendations......Page 64
Studies......Page 66
Low-quality recommendations......Page 68
Summary......Page 70
Key issues for future investigation......Page 71
References......Page 72
Moderate quality......Page 77
Overview......Page 79
Dispatch......Page 82
EMS providers......Page 83
Treatment......Page 90
Blood pressure......Page 91
Hypoxemia......Page 93
Neuroprotectives......Page 94
EMS scene management in setting of acute CVA......Page 95
Prehospital notification of receiving hospital......Page 97
Summary......Page 98
Key issues for future investigation......Page 99
References......Page 100
Moderate quality......Page 111
Overview......Page 112
Examination of patients with possible spine injuries......Page 117
Which patients do not require immobilization despite the presence of a mechanism of injury that could potentially cause spine injury?......Page 118
High risk mechanism of injury......Page 123
Head rotation......Page 125
For patients deemed to need spinal immobilization, what is the best method?......Page 126
What resuscitation techniques are the best in the spinal-cord-injured patient?......Page 136
Blood pressure management......Page 140
What is the role of neuroprotective agents for the spinal-cord-injured patient?......Page 141
Determining which patients require immobilization......Page 142
Whether to immobilize?......Page 143
Immobilization in children and infants......Page 145
Non-clinical criteria for selective immobilization......Page 146
References......Page 147
Low quality of evidence......Page 154
Epidemiology......Page 155
Anatomy and physiology......Page 156
Cerebral perfusion......Page 157
Assessment......Page 158
Injury classification......Page 160
Primary brain injury......Page 161
Secondary brain injury......Page 162
Hypotension......Page 163
Acid-base derangements......Page 164
Blood glucose derangements......Page 165
Seizures......Page 166
Endotracheal intubation......Page 167
Lidocaine use during RSI......Page 169
Oxygenation......Page 170
Ventilation......Page 171
Resuscitation fluids......Page 172
Summary......Page 173
References......Page 174
Moderate quality......Page 179
Low quality......Page 180
Overview......Page 181
Studies on the efficacy of prehospital intubation......Page 184
Studies on efficacy of glucose administration......Page 187
Studies on most appropriate route for naloxone administration......Page 188
Studies on empiric prehospital intubation......Page 191
Studies on empiric naloxone administration to all patients with altered mental status......Page 193
Summary......Page 194
Key issues for future investigation......Page 196
References......Page 197
Index......Page 203