Predictive and Preventive Measures for Covid-19 Pandemic (Algorithms for Intelligent Systems)

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Mitigate the Impact of Covid-19: Telehealth
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Healthcare Infrastructure in India
		1.2 Telehealth
		1.3 Telemedicine
		1.4 Why Telehealth Has Come of Age Now
	2 Telemedicine Solution eSanjeevaniOPD
		2.1 Overview of Architecture
		2.2 The Salient Features of Telehealth Facility
	3 Detailed Architecture of Telehealth Model
		3.1 Presentation Layer
		3.2 Application Layer
		3.3 Internal Storage
		3.4 Allocation of Resources for the Developed Solution
		3.5 eSanjeevani Uses Vertical Scalability
		3.6 Importance of Cross Platform Testing
		3.7 Interoperability
	4 Comparative Strengths of Different Modes of Communications During Covid-19
	5 Conclusion
	References
2 Epidemic Models in Prediction of COVID-19
	1 Introduction
	2 Time Series Models
		2.1 ARMA Modeling
		2.2 ARIMA Modeling
	3 Epidemic Models with Mathematics
		3.1 SEIR Compartmental Model
		3.2 Models with Control Information
		3.3 Spatial Models
		3.4 Spatio-temporal Models
		3.5 Markov Chain Models
	4 Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models
		4.1 Fb-Prophet Model
		4.2 MIT Machine Learning Model to Predict Quarantine Outcome
		4.3 Deep Learning Models for COVID-19
		4.4 Advantages of ML and Deep Learning Models in COVID-19 Prediction
	5 Conclusions
	References
3 SIQRS Epidemic Modelling and Stability Analysis of COVID-19
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
	3 Numerical Simulation and Discussion of the Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
4 Mental Health Analysis of Students in Major Cities of India During COVID-19
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Details of Data
		3.1 Study Location
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Data Model
	4 Sentimental Analysis of Tweets to Estimate the Severity of Psychological Stress
	5 Analysis of Depressing Tweets
		5.1 Depressing and Non-depressing Tweets
		5.2 Depression Dynamics in Major Cities Along with Divisions of Rajasthan
		5.3 Stress Level Versus Recovered COVID-19 Cases
		5.4 Psychological Stress Level in Major Cities of India
	6 Stress Dynamics in Students Due to COVID-19 and Lockdown
		6.1 Dynamics of Students Tweets
		6.2 Sentimental Analysis of Students Tweet
		6.3 Stress Level Among Students in Different Cities of India
	7 Conclusions
	References
5 Analyzing the Impact on Online Teaching Learning Process on Education System During New Corona Regime Using Fuzzy Logic Techniques
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Impact of COVID-19 in Education Sector
		1.2 Fuzzy Logic
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Sample and Procedure
		2.2 Normalized Weight of Skill Sets (NWS) and Synthesis of Preferences Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
		2.3 Fuzzy Logic in Evaluation Process
		2.4 Implementation Process
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Future Scope
	5 Conclusion
	References
6 Healthcare 4.0 in Future Capacity Building for Pandemic Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Evolution of Healthcare
		2.1 Digital Healthcare
		2.2 Transition from Digital to Advanced Healthcare Systems
	3 Healthcare in the Era of Pandemic
		3.1 Challenges with Respect to COVID Patients
		3.2 Challenges with Respect to Non-COVID Patients
	4 Technology-Driven Health Care—Preparing for the Next-Generation Health Care
		4.1 Technological Solutions to Deal with COVID Patients
		4.2 Technological Solutions to Deal with Non-COVID Patients
	5 Telemedicine—A Priceless Boon for Healthcare System
		5.1 Telemedicine for Tacking Pandemic
		5.2 Telemedicine Initiative in Various Countries
		5.3 Future of Telemedicine
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
7 Preventive Behavior Against COVID 19: Role of Psychological Factors
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Preventive Health Behavior and COVID 19 Pandemic
		1.2 Risk Communication
		1.3 Hygiene Practices
		1.4 Social Distancing
	2 Psychological Factors and Preventive Health Behavior
		2.1 Health Belief Model
		2.2 Protection Motivation Theory
		2.3 Theory of Planned Behavior
	3 Risk Perception and COVID 19
		3.1 Risk Perception and COVID 19
	4 Adherence to Preventive Behavior
		4.1 Factors Associated with Non-adherence
	5 Conclusion
	References
8 Impact of the COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior Towards Organic Food in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Survey Method and Research Design
		3.2 Questionnaire Development
		3.3 Reliability and Validity of Questionnaire
		3.4 Respondents Profile
	4 Analysis and Result
		4.1 Factors Discussion
		4.2 Demographic Impact on Consumer Behavior Towards Organic Food
		4.3 Income (Refer Table 6)
		4.4 Education (Refer Table 7)
		4.5 Age (Refer Table 8)
		4.6 Profession (Refer Table 9)
		4.7 Overall Frequencies and Agreement & Non-agreement Percentage
		4.8 Discussion
		4.9 Managerial Implication
		4.10 Limitation and Further Scope of Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
9 Socioeconomic Impacts and Opportunities of COVID-19 for Nepal
	1 Introduction
	2 Impacts of COVID-19 on Socioeconomic and Health Sectors
		2.1 Sectors of Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and Employment Situation
		2.2 Workers in the Informal Sector
		2.3 Tourism
		2.4 Agriculture and Livestock Sector
		2.5 Remittances
		2.6 Inflation and Food Commodities
		2.7 Poor, Vulnerable Community and Women
		2.8 Education
		2.9 Health Sector
		2.10 Social and Mental Stress
	3 Discussion for Opportunities in Terms of Rebuild and Reforms on Socioeconomic and Health Sectors
		3.1 The Rebuilding of Agriculture and Tourism Sectors
		3.2 Reforms of the Public Health System and Education
	4 Conclusion and Implication
	References
10 Strategic Decision in Long and Short Run for Cross-Country Commodity Market in the Post-COVID 19 Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodologies
	3 Data Analysis and Interpretation
	4 Conclusion
	References
11 Prediction of Novel Coronavirus (nCOVID-19) Propagation Based on SEIR, ARIMA and Prophet Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 SEIR Mathematical Modeling Based on Social Distancing
		3.1 Social Distancing Applied for Coronavirus
	4 Time Series Analysis of Corona
		4.1 ARIMA
		4.2 Prophet Time Series
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
12 Innovative Strategies to Understand and Control COVID-19 Disease
	1 Introduction
	2 Potential Strategies for Study and Diagnosis of Disease
		2.1 Bioelectronics and Biosensors
		2.2 Artificial Intelligence
		2.3 Mathematical Modeling
		2.4 3D Printing
		2.5 Big Data
		2.6 Robotics
		2.7 Theranostic Nanoparticles
	3 Current Strategies Used for the Treatment of COVID-19
		3.1 Immunological Approaches
		3.2 Treatment Based on Vaccination
		3.3 Antiviral Drugs
		3.4 Indian Medicinal Plants Against SARS-CoV-2
	4 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
	References
13 An Investigation on COVID 19 Using Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Big Data
		1.2 Data Analytics
		1.3 Covid-19
	2 Characteristics of Big Data
	3 Big Data on COVID-19
	4 Data Analytics on COVID-19
		4.1 Logistic Regression Analysis
		4.2 Kaplan–Meier Analysis
		4.3 Compartmental Models
		4.4 Other Applications of Big Data on COVID-19
	5 Comparative Summary
	6 Challenges Faced
		6.1 Big Data and Economic Challenges
	7 Conclusion
	References
14 Rise of Online Teaching and Learning Processes During COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 A Brief Literature Survey
	3 Features of Online Teaching and Learning Process: The Pros and Cons
		3.1 Effectiveness of Online Teaching/Learning as Compared to Classroom Teaching/Learning
		3.2 Infrastructure Requirements for Online Teaching/Learning
		3.3 Challenges of Online Teaching/learning and How Do Deal with Them
		3.4 Skills Required by a Teacher for the Online Teaching Process
		3.5 Moral Duties of Students and Parents to Support Online Teaching Methodologies
		3.6 Potential Consequences of Online Education Model on Health
		3.7 Scope of Online Teaching/learning in the Post-Pandemic World
	4 Comparative Analysis of Digital Tools Available to Aid Online Teaching and Learning Process
		4.1 Google Classroom
		4.2 Zoom App
		4.3 Webex
		4.4 Google Meet
		4.5 Microsoft Teams
	5 Online Teaching and Learning Practices During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Brief Online Survey
		5.1 Data Sampling
		5.2 Data Summarization and Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	Appendix
		A.1 SHAGUN
		A.2 DIKSHA
		A.3 e-Pathshala
		A.4 National Repository of Open Educational Resources (NROER)
		A.5 SWAYAM
		A.6 NPTEL
	References
15 Robotic Technology for Pandemic Situation
	1 Introduction
	2 Robotic Technologies
	3 Automatic Vacuum Cleaner Robots
		3.1 Components of the Cleaning Robot System
	4 Smart Wet Cleaning Robots
	5 Robotic Nursing Assistant
		5.1 Dinsow
		5.2 Paro
		5.3 Pepper
		5.4 Trina
	6 Hospi Robot
	7 Helpmate Robot
	8 Automated Guided Vehicle
	9 Delivery Robots
	10 Delivery Drone Robot
	11 Sanitizing Drone Robot
	12 Conclusion
	References
16 Face Mask Detection Using AI
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Application Areas of Face Mask Detection System
	2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)—The Right Way Solution
	3 Deep Learning
	4 Deep Learning in Face Mask Detection
	5 Face Mask Detection—A Simple Implementation Using OpenCV
		5.1 Task 1: Data Collection and Preprocessing
		5.2 Task 2: Building and Training the Learning Model
		5.3 Task 3: Deploying the Deep Learning Model with OpenCV
	6 BibTeX
	References
17 Machine Learning Tools to Predict the Impact of Quarantine
	1 Introduction
	2 Machine Learning Models to Quantify Quarantine Impact
	3 Big Data Dashboards and Data Science
	4 Crowd Counting Algorithms
	5 Quarantine Impact on Mental Health
		5.1 Woebot
		5.2 Moodkit and Moodnotes
		5.3 Pacifia
		5.4 Wysa
		5.5 Joy App
	6 AI/ML/DL Algorithms
	7 E-Quarantine Systems
	8 Risk Assessment of Easing the Quarantine and Social Distancing Norms
	9 Alert Generation Systems
	10 Conclusions and Discussions
	References
Author Index