Pradeep Chowbey, Davide Lomanto - Techniques of Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair-Springer India (2020)

Contents
About the Editors
Part I: General
	1: The Economics of Hernia Surgery
		1.1	 Introduction
		1.2	 Health Economics
		1.3	 Cost-Minimization Analysis
		1.4	 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
		1.5	 Cost-Utility Analysis
		1.6	 Cost-Benefit Analysis
		1.7	 Guidelines and Economics in Hernia Surgery
		1.8	 Watchful Waiting or Surgery
		1.9	 Diagnostics in Hernia Surgery
		1.10	 Day Surgery for Inguinal Hernia
		1.11	 Tissue Versus Mesh in Hernia Surgery
		1.12	 Economics of Prosthetic Material
		1.13	 Type of Anesthesia
		1.14	 Open Versus Laparoscopic Technique
		1.15	 Antibiotic Prophylaxis
		1.16	 Conclusion
		References
	2: Surgical Anatomy of Groin and Groin Hernia
		2.1	 Introduction
		2.2	 Surface Anatomy and Landmarks of Clinical and Operative Significance (Fig. 2.1)
		2.3	 Difference Between a Fascia and an Aponeurosis (Tendon)
		2.4	 The Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Superficial Abdominal Fascia
		2.5	 The Innominate Fascia, the Intercrural Fiber, the External Spermatic Fascia, and the Fascia Lata (Figs. 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4)
		2.6	 The External Oblique and Its Aponeurosis, the External Inguinal Ring, and the Inguinal Ligament (Figs. 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7)
		2.7	 The Internal Oblique Muscle and the Interparietal Fasciae (Figs. 2.3, 2.6, 2.7, and 2.8)
		2.8	 The Cremaster Muscle and the Cremasteric Fascia (Figs. 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9)
		2.9	 The Transversus Abdominis Muscle, Aponeurosis, and Fascia (Figs. 2.3, 2.6, 2.7, 2.9c, 2.10, and 2.11)
		2.10	 The Transversalis Fascia (Figs. 2.3, 2.6, 2.7, 2.9c, 2.10, 2.12, and 2.14)
		2.11	 The Rectus Abdominis Muscle, the Posterior Rectus Sheath, the Arcuate Line, and the Rectus Fascia (Figs. 2.6, 2.10, 2.14, and 2.15)
		2.12	 Particular Areas Formed from the Transversalis Fascia
			2.12.1	 The Internal Inguinal Ring and the Internal Spermatic Fascia (Figs. 2.1, 2.10, 2.11, 2.13, 2.14, 2.16, and 2.17)
			2.12.2	 The Transversalis Fascial Sling (Figs. 2.13 and 2.14)
			2.12.3	 The Iliopubic Tract and Cooper’s Ligament
		2.13	 The Inguinal Canal
		2.14	 Myopectineal Orifice
		2.15	 Hesselbach Triangle
		2.16	 Western Perspectives on the Fascial Structures and Cleavable Anatomical Spaces Located Between the Transverse Fascia and Peritoneum
			2.16.1	 The Space of Bogros
			2.16.2	 The Space of Retzius
		2.17	 Japanese perspective on the dissection of fascial structures and cleavable planes located between the transversalis fascia and peritoneum (Fig. 2.33)
			2.17.1	 The Following Points Differ in Western Reports
			2.17.2	 Fascial Anatomy of Indirect Inguinal Hernia
		2.18	 Inguinal Nerves
		2.19	 The Femoral Sheath, the Femoral Ring, and the Femoral Canal (Fig. 2.46)
		2.20	 Inguinal Anatomy as Seen from the Peritoneal Cavity
		2.21	 Inguinal Anatomy as Seen from the Preperitoneal Space
		2.22	 Three Locations That Require Particular Care During Laparoscopic Surgery [20, 37]
		2.23	 Summary
		References
	3: Abdominal Wall Hernia Classification
		3.1	 Introduction
		3.2	 Groin Hernia Classification
		3.3	 Primary and Incisional Abdominal Wall Hernias Classification
			3.3.1	 Classification of Primary Abdominal Wall Hernias
				3.3.1.1	 Localization of the Hernia
				3.3.1.2	 Size of the Hernia
			3.3.2	 Classification of Incisional Abdominal Wall Hernias
				3.3.2.1	 Localization of the Hernia
				3.3.2.2	 Medial and Midline Hernias
				3.3.2.3	 Lateral Hernias
				3.3.2.4	 Size of the Hernia
		3.4	 Parastomal Hernia Classification
		References
	4: Imaging of Abdominal Wall Hernias
		4.1	 Introduction
		4.2	 MDCT Technique
			4.2.1	 Abdominal Wall Anatomy (Fig. 4.1)
		4.3	 Types of Abdominal Wall Hernias (Fig. 4.2)
		4.4	 Groin Hernias
		4.5	 Ventral Hernias
		4.6	 Lumbar Hernias
		4.7	 Incisional Hernias
			4.7.1	 Other Rare Hernias of the Abdominal Wall
			4.7.2	 Other Hernias of the Pelvic Floor
		4.8	 Traumatic Hernias
		4.9	 Complications of Abdominal Wall Hernias
			4.9.1	 Bowel Obstruction
			4.9.2	 Incarceration
			4.9.3	 Strangulation
			4.9.4	 Trauma
			4.9.5	 Other Uncommon Complications
			4.9.6	 Postoperative Hernial Mesh Appearance
		4.10	 Postsurgical Complications
			4.10.1	 Fluid Collections
			4.10.2	 Hernial Recurrence
			4.10.3	 Infection
			4.10.4	 Mesh-Related Complications
			4.10.5	 Other Complications
		4.11	 Differential Diagnosis
		4.12	 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Groin Hernia
	5: Biomaterials for Inguinal Hernia Repair
		5.1	 Introduction
		5.2	 Biomaterial and Biocompatibility of Meshes for Hernia Repair
		5.3	 Foreign Body Reaction
		5.4	 The Material
		5.5	 The Choice of Mesh
		5.6	 Clinical Outcome
		5.7	 Summary
		References
	6: Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair
		6.1	 Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair
			6.1.1	 Pathophysiological Changes During Endoscopic Hernia Repair
			6.1.2	 Positioning and Associated Pathophysiologic Problems
			6.1.3	 Insufflation of Exogenous Gas
				6.1.3.1	 Carboperitoneum and Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure
				6.1.3.2	 Gasless Laparoscopy
				6.1.3.3	 Preanaesthetic Assessment
				6.1.3.4	 Premedication
				6.1.3.5	 Anaesthetic Techniques
				6.1.3.6	 General Anaesthesia
				6.1.3.7	 Role of Regional Anaesthesia
				6.1.3.8	 Local Anaesthesia
		6.2	 Pain Management in Abdominal Wall Hernias
			6.2.1	 Localizing the Transversus Abdominis Plane
			6.2.2	 Sub-costal TAP
		6.3	 Ultrasound-Guided Techniques
			6.3.1	 Subcutaneous Emphysema and USG Blocks
		6.4	 Surgeon-Assisted Approach to TAP Block
		6.5	 Monitoring
			6.5.1	 Complications
		6.6	 Subcutaneous Emphysema
		6.7	 Pneumothorax
		6.8	 Endobronchial Intubation
		6.9	 Air Embolism
		References
	7: Surgical Techniques for Inguinal Hernia Repair: Open Techniques—Tissue Repairs
		7.1	 Introduction
		7.2	 Indications
		7.3	 Contraindications
		7.4	 Preoperative Care
		7.5	 Surgical Technique
			7.5.1	 Initial Skin Incision
			7.5.2	 Division and Dissection of the External Oblique Muscle
			7.5.3	 Isolation of the Spermatic Cord
			7.5.4	 Isolation and Handling of the Sac
			7.5.5	 Repair of the Floor
		7.6	 Shouldice Repair
		7.7	 Bassini’s Repair
		7.8	 Mc Vay’s Repair
			7.8.1	 Reconstruction of the External Oblique Aponeurosis and the Superficial Inguinal Ring
			7.8.2	 Closure of the Incision
		7.9	 Postoperative Care
		7.10	 Complications
		References
	8: Surgical Techniques for Inguinal Hernia Repair: Open Tension-Free Repairs
		8.1	 Lichtenstein Repair
		8.2	 The Plug and Patch Repair (Millikan Modification)
		8.3	 The Modified Kugel Patch
		8.4	 The Bilayer Patch Devices
		8.5	 Tailored Open TFR: Cathay General Hospital Experiences
		8.6	 Conclusions
		References
	9: Total Extraperitoneal Repair of Groin Hernias
		9.1	 Introduction
			9.1.1	 Indications of TEP
			9.1.2	 Contraindications of TEP
			9.1.3	 Pre-operative Preparation
			9.1.4	 Operation Theatre Layout
			9.1.5	 Surgical Technique
			9.1.6	 Post-operative Care
			9.1.7	 Post-operative Complications
		9.2	 Summary
		References
	10: Transabdominal Pre-peritoneal (TAPP) Repair for Groin Hernias
		10.1	 Transabdominal Pre-peritoneal Groin Hernia Repair
		10.2	 Operative Set-Up, Positioning, and Ports Placement
		10.3	 TAPP Consist of the Following Operative Steps
		10.4	 Indication for TAPP
		10.5	 Postoperative Complications
			10.5.1	 Recurrence
			10.5.2	 Bleeding
			10.5.3	 Seroma
			10.5.4	 Mesh Infection
			10.5.5	 Postoperative Pain
		10.6	 Special Considerations
			10.6.1	 Contraindication for TAPP
		10.7	 Strangulated and Incarcerated Groin Hernia
		10.8	 Conclusion
		References
	11: Open and Laparoscopic Repair of Femoral Hernia
		11.1	 Introduction
		11.2	 Indications for Surgery
		11.3	 Contraindications
		11.4	 Approaches to Repair of Femoral Hernia
			11.4.1	 Femoral Approach
				11.4.1.1	 Technique
				11.4.1.2	 Results
			11.4.2	 Inguinal Approach
				11.4.2.1	 Technique
				11.4.2.2	 Results
			11.4.3	 Open Preperitoneal Approach
				11.4.3.1	 Technique
				11.4.3.2	 Results
			11.4.4	 Laparoscopic Preperitoneal Approach
				11.4.4.1	 Technique of TAPP
				11.4.4.2	 Technique of TEP
				11.4.4.3	 Results
		11.5	 Postoperative Care
		References
	12: Groin Hernia in the Elderly
		12.1	 Introduction
		12.2	 Defining the Elderly
		12.3	 Pathophysiology Wound Healing in Elderly
		12.4	 Wound Healing Phases [7]
		12.5	 Alteration of the Connective Tissue in the Hernia Patient
		12.6	 Wound Healing in the Elderly
		12.7	 Is Watchful Waiting an Option in the Elderly?
		12.8	 Principles of Hernia Surgery in Elderly
		12.9	 Choice of Technique in Groin Hernia in Elderly
			12.9.1	 Laparoscopic Groin Hernia Repair
		References
	13: Sportsman Hernia
		13.1	 Introduction
		13.2	 Main Contents
			13.2.1	 Clinical Presentations and Pathophysiology
			13.2.2	 Diagnosis
			13.2.3	 Role of Imaging
			13.2.4	 Management Strategy
		13.3	 Summary
		References
	14: Complications Inguinal Hernias: Strangulated Incarcerated and Obstructed Hernias
		14.1	 Introduction
		14.2	 Presentation and Diagnosis
		14.3	 Management of Strangulated and Obstructed Inguinal Hernias
		14.4	 Conclusion
		References
	15: Recurrent Inguinal Hernia
		15.1	 Introduction
		15.2	 Risk Factors and Mechanism of Recurrence
		15.3	 Evaluation
		15.4	 Management
		15.5	 Summary
		References
Part III: Abdominal Wall Hernia
	16: Biomaterials for Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair
		16.1	 Introduction
		16.2	 Meshes for Inguinal Hernia Repair
		16.3	 Recommendations for Biomaterials in Inguinal Herniorraphy
		16.4	 Biomaterials for Ventral Hernia Repair
		16.5	 Choice of Biomaterial and Recommendations for Ventral Herniorraphy
		References
	17: Laparoscopic Incisional and Ventral Hernia Mesh Repair
		17.1	 Introduction
		17.2	 Indications and Contra-indications for LVHR
		17.3	 Pre-operative Evaluation
		17.4	 Surgical Technique
			17.4.1 OT Layout and Patient Positioning: (Fig. 17.1)
			17.4.2 Abdominal Access and Port Positioning: (Fig. 17.2)
			17.4.3 Reduction of Hernia and Adhesiolysis
			17.4.4 Mesh Repair and Size
			17.4.5 Choice of Mesh
			17.4.6 Mesh Insertion and Fixation
			17.4.7 Bridging or Augmentation
			17.4.8 Port Closure
			17.4.9 Novel Approach
			17.4.10 Endoscopic Component Separation (ECS)
		17.5	 Post-operative Care
		17.6	 Complications and Clinical Outcomes
			17.6.1 Mesh Infections
			17.6.2 Seroma
			17.6.3 Enterotomy Intra-operative or Occult
			17.6.4 Pain
			17.6.5 Recurrence
			17.6.6 Hospital Stay
			17.6.7 Return to Work
			17.6.8 Quality of Life (QOL)
		17.7	 Summary
		References
	18: Laparoscopic Pre-peritoneal Onlay Mesh (PPOM) Repair for Ventral and Incisional Hernia
		18.1	 PPOM (Pre-peritoneal Onlay Mesh Repair)
		18.2	 Indication for PPOM /ePOM/RePOM
		References
	19: Laparoscopic Repair of Peripheral Abdominal Wall Hernias
		19.1	 Introduction
		19.2	 Indications
		19.3	 Contraindications
		19.4	 Operative Procedure
		References
	20: Obesity and Abdominal Wall Hernias
		20.1	 Obesity/Body Mass Index/Intra-abdominal Pressure
		20.2	 Obesity and Incidence of Inguinal Hernias and Inguinal Hernia Repair
		20.3	 Obesity and Incidence of Ventral Hernias and Ventral Hernia Repairs
		20.4	 Obesity and Outcome in Ventral Hernia Repair
		20.5	 Updated EHS/IEHS Guidelines for Inguinal Hernia Repair, Application to Obese Patients
		20.6	 EAES/EHS/IEHS Guidelines for Ventral Hernia Repair, Application to Obese Patients
		20.7	 Summary
		References
	21: Components Separation Technique for Repair of Complex Abdominal Wall Hernia
		21.1	 Introduction
		21.2	 Anatomic Considerations
		21.3	 Indications and Patient Selection
			21.3.1	 Contraindications
		21.4	 Pre-operative Evaluation
		21.5	 Operative Technique
			21.5.1	 Open Components Separation Technique
				21.5.1.1	 Operative Pearls
			21.5.2	 Modified Open Components Separation Technique
			21.5.3	 Endoscopic Components Separation Technique
				21.5.3.1	 Operative Pearls
			21.5.4	 Robotic Components Separation Technique
		21.6	 Additional Considerations
			21.6.1	 Mesh Insertion
			21.6.2	 Presence of a Stoma
		21.7	 Post-operative Care
		21.8	 Complications and Results
			21.8.1	 Wound Infection
			21.8.2	 Seroma and Haematoma
			21.8.3	 Skin Flap Necrosis
			21.8.4	 Hernia Recurrence
		21.9	 Conclusion
	22: Parastomal Hernia
		22.1	 Introduction
		22.2	 Main Content
		22.3	 Summary
		References
	23: Muscle–Aponeurotic Plication Associated with Dermolipectomy in the Treatment of Ventral Hernias and Diastasis Recti: A Functional and Aesthetic Approach
		23.1	 Introduction
		23.2	 Materials and Methods
		23.3	 Trans-Operative Findings in Secondary Cases
		23.4	 Bibliography Review
		23.5	 Complications
		23.6	 Conclusions
		References
	24: Faria-Correa_Minimally Invasive Subcutaneouscopic and Robotic Rectus Plication
		24.1	 Introduction
		24.2	 Objective
		24.3	 Methods
		24.4	 Surgical Technique and Results
			24.4.1	 Dissection and Elevation of the Abdominal Flap
			24.4.2	 Recti Plication
		24.5	 Results
		24.6	 Complications
		24.7	 Discussion
		24.8	 Conclusion
		References
	25: Robotic Repair for Ventral Hernias
		25.1	 Introduction
		25.2	 Pre-operative Consideration
		25.3	 Universal Port Placement
		25.4	 Patient Positioning and Preparation
		25.5	 Patient Cart Positioning and Docking
		25.6	 Operative Steps
			25.6.1	 Adhesiolysis and Peritoneal Dissection to Create Flap
			25.6.2	 Defect Closure
			25.6.3	 Mesh Placement
			25.6.4	 Mesh Fixation
		25.7	 Conclusions
		References
	26: Future Consideration
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index