Practical Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Treatment

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
	About the Editors
	Contributors
Part I: Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Pandect
	1: Common ENT Examination Equipment
		1.1	 General Examination Equipment
			1.1.1	 Frontal Mirror
			1.1.2	 Other Commonly Used Examination Equipments
		1.2	 ENT Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Unit
			1.2.1	 Basic Structure and Main Functions
			1.2.2	 Classification
		1.3	 Endoscopy
			1.3.1	 Rigid Endoscope
			1.3.2	 Soft Endoscope
			1.3.3	 Narrow-Band Imaging
		1.4	 Other Special Examination Equipment
	2: Medical Imaging Examinations of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
		2.1	 X-ray Examination
			2.1.1	 Oto-Temporal Site
			2.1.2	 The Nose and Nasal Sinus
			2.1.3	 Larynx and Pharynx
		2.2	 CT Examination
			2.2.1	 Plain CT Scan
			2.2.2	 Enhanced CT Scan
			2.2.3	 CT 3D-Reconstruction
		2.3	 MRI Examination
			2.3.1	 Plain MRI Scan
			2.3.2	 Enhanced MRI Scan
			2.3.3	 MRI Hydrography, Angiography, Neurography and Other Techniques
		2.4	 Radionuclide Examination
		Reference
	3: Common Drugs Used in Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
		3.1	 Common Drugs of Ear
		3.2	 Common Drugs for Nose
		3.3	 Common Drugs of Throat
		References
	4: Common Treatment Technology in ENT
		4.1	 Laser Treatment
			4.1.1	 Principle of Laser Therapy
			4.1.2	 Laser Therapy for Ear Diseases
		4.2	 Cryotherapy
			4.2.1	 Principles of Cryotherapy
			4.2.2	 Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cryotherapy
		4.3	 Radiotherapy
			4.3.1	 Mechanism
			4.3.2	 Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Microwave Therapy
		4.4	 Low-Temperature-Plasma Radio-Frequency Ablation Therapy (LTPRFAT)
			4.4.1	 LTPRFAT Principle
			4.4.2	 Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery LTPRFAT
		Reference
	5: Application of Robotic Surgery System and Imaging Navigation Technology at Otorhinolaryngology Skull Base Surgery
		5.1	 Brief Introduction
			5.1.1	 Acoustic Conductive Imaging Navigation System
			5.1.2	 Mechanical-Arm Type Imaging Navigation System
			5.1.3	 Electromagnetic Inductive Type Imaging Navigation System
			5.1.4	 Optical Sensing Type Imaging Navigation System
		5.2	 Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System
		References
Part II: Otology
	6: Applied Anatomy and Physiology of Ear
		6.1	 Applied Anatomy of Ear
			6.1.1	 External Ear
			6.1.2	 External Auditory Canal
			6.1.3	 Inner Ear
		6.2	 Physiology
			6.2.1	 Auditory Physiology
			6.2.2	 Equilibrium Physiology
		Reference
	7: Common Signs and Symptoms and Examination Methods of Ear Diseases
		7.1	 Common Symptom of Ear Disease
			7.1.1	 Otalgia
			7.1.2	 Tinnitus
			7.1.3	 Otorrhea
			7.1.4	 Deafness (Epicophosis)
			7.1.5	 Ataxia
			7.1.6	 Vertigo
		7.2	 Examination Method of Ear
			7.2.1	 Common Examination Method
			7.2.2	 Radiology
			7.2.3	 Endoscopy
			7.2.4	 Vestibular Functional Examination
			7.2.5	 Hearing Examination
	8: Common Ear Diseases
		8.1	 Congenital Malformation of Ear
			8.1.1	 Congenital Auricular Malformation
			8.1.2	 Congenital Malformation of External and Middle Ear
				8.1.2.1	 External Auditory Canal Malformation
				8.1.2.2	 Middle Ear Malformation
					Ossicular Chain Malformation
					Facial Nerve Malformation
				8.1.2.3	 Diagnosis and Treatment
					Classification of Ear Malformations
						De la Cruz Ear Malformation Classification (Table 8.1)
						Jahrsdoerfer Grading System (Only for Bony Atresia (Table 8.2)
						Treatment Regimen
			8.1.3	 Congenital Inner Ear Malformations
			8.1.4	 Congenital Pre-auricular Fistula
		8.2	 Trauma of Ear
			8.2.1	 Trauma of External Ear
			8.2.2	 Tympanic Trauma Tympanic Membrane Trauma
			8.2.3	 Temporal Bone Fracture
		8.3	 Disease of External Ear
			8.3.1	 Furuncle of External Auditory Canal
			8.3.2	 External Ear Canal Cholesteatoma
		8.4	 Diseases of Middle Ear
			8.4.1	 Secretory Otitis Media
			8.4.2	 Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
			8.4.3	 Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
			8.4.4	 Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear
			8.4.5	 Sequelae of Otitis Media
		8.5	 Otosclerosis
		8.6	 Disease of Facial Nerve
			8.6.1	 Facial Nerve Anatomy
			8.6.2	 Diagnosis of Peripheral Facial Paralysis
			8.6.3	 Common Peripheral Facial Paralyses
		8.7	 Malignant Tumor of Temporal Bone
		8.8	 Implantable Artificial Hearing Device
			8.8.1	 Bone Anchored Hearing Aids
			8.8.2	 Vibriant Acoustic Bridge
			8.8.3	 Cochlear Implant
			8.8.4	 Bone Bridge
			8.8.5	 Implant Bone Conductive Hearing-Aid System
			8.8.6	 Auditory Brainstem Implant
			8.8.7	 Auditory Midbrain Implant
		8.9	 Sudden Deafness
		8.10	 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
		8.11	 Ménière Disease
		8.12	 Acoustic Neuroma
		8.13	 Genetic Diagnosis and Prenatal Diagnosis of Hereditary Deafness
		8.14	 Neonatal Hearing Screening
			8.14.1	 Summary of Newborn Hearing Screening
			8.14.2	 The Principle of UNHS
			8.14.3	 Newborn Hearing Screening Technique
				8.14.3.1	 Otoacoustic Emissions
				8.14.3.2	 Automatic Auditory Brainstem Response
			8.14.4	 The process of UNHS [39]
			8.14.5	 Audiological Assessment and Diagnosis
			8.14.6	 Intervention
			8.14.7	 Follow Up
			8.14.8	 Rehabilitation
			8.14.9	 Quality Control
		8.15	 Hearing Aids
			8.15.1	 Hearing Aids Development History
			8.15.2	 Hearing Aids Categories
			8.15.3	 Hearing Aids Fitting
		References
Part III: Rhinology
	9: Applied Anatomy and Physiology of Nose
		9.1	 Applied Anatomy of Nose
			9.1.1	 External Nose
			9.1.2	 Rhinal Vestibule
			9.1.3	 Proper Rhinal Cavum
			9.1.4	 Paranasal Sinuses
		9.2	 Physiology of Nose
			9.2.1	 Nasal Physiology
			9.2.2	 Nasal Sinus Physiology
		References
	10: Symptoms of Disease and Examination Method of Nasal Disease
		10.1	 Symptoms of Nasal Disease
		10.2	 Examination Method of Nose
		References
	11: Common Rhinal Disease
		11.1	 Trauma of Nose, Paranasal Sinus and Adjacent Tissue
			11.1.1	 Nasal Bone Fracture
			11.1.2	 Nasal Sinus’s Fracture
				11.1.2.1	 Frontal Sinus Fracture
				11.1.2.2	 Fracture of Ethmoid Sinus
				11.1.2.3	 Fracture of the Maxillary Sinus
				11.1.2.4	 Fracture of the Sphenoid Sinus
			11.1.3	 Eye Orbital Fractures
				11.1.3.1	 Orbital Penetrating Fracture
				11.1.3.2	 Orbital Fracture
		11.2	 Acute Rhinitis
		11.3	 Fungal Rhinosinusitis
		11.4	 Rhinal Septum Deviation
		11.5	 Chronic Rhinonasa Sinusitis
		11.6	 Nasal Vestibular Cyst
		11.7	 Rhinonasosinus Benign Tumor
			11.7.1	 Hemangioma
			11.7.2	 Inverted Papilloma
		11.8	 Rhinonasosinus Cancer
			11.8.1	 Nasal Cavity Carcinoma
			11.8.2	 Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma
			11.8.3	 Ethmoid Sinus Cancer
		References
	12: Rhinal Treatment Procedure and Operation
		12.1	 Rhinal Foreign Body Extraction Surgery and Lithotomy
		12.2	 Maxillary Sinus Puncture
		12.3	 Endoscopic Rhinonasosinus Surgery
		12.4	 Revised Endoscopic Paranasal Sinus Surgery
		References
Part IV: Pharyngology
	13: Applied Anatomy and Physiology of Pharynx
		13.1	 Applied Anatomy of Pharynx
		13.2	 Physiology of Pharynx
	14: Symptomatology and Examination Method of Pharynx
		14.1	 Symptomatology of Pharynx
		14.2	 Examination Method of Pharynx
			14.2.1	 General Examination
			14.2.2	 Endoscopy
			14.2.3	 Imaging
	15: Common Pharyngeal Disease
		15.1	 Congenital and Other Pharyngeal Diseases
			15.1.1	 Congenital Nasopharyngeal Stenosis and Atresia
			15.1.2	 Cleft Palate
			15.1.3	 Heterotypic Lingual Root’s Thyroid Gland
			15.1.4	 Styloid Syndromes
		15.2	 Disease of Pharynx
			15.2.1	 Acute Nasopharyngitis
			15.2.2	 Acute Pharyngitis
			15.2.3	 Chronic Pharyngitis
			15.2.4	 Pharyngocystitis
		15.3	 Disease of Tonsil
			15.3.1	 Acute Tonsillitis
			15.3.2	 Chronic Tonsillitis
			15.3.3	 Tonsillar Hypertrophy
			15.3.4	 Tonsillectomy
		15.4	 Disease of Adenoid Gland
			15.4.1	 Acute Adenoid Inflammation
			15.4.2	 Adenoid Hypertrophy
		15.5	 Tumor of Pharynx and Parapharynx
			15.5.1	 Nasopharyngeal Angioma
			15.5.2	 Nasopharyngeal Cancer
			15.5.3	 ParaPharyngeal Space Tumor
			15.5.4	 Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
		15.6	 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
		15.7	 Temporomandibular Joint Disease
			15.7.1	 Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome
			15.7.2	 Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint
		References
Part V: Laryngology
	16: Applied Anatomy and Physiology of Larynx
		16.1	 Applied Anatomy of Larynx
		16.2	 Physiology of Larynx
		References
	17: Symptomatology and Examination Method of Larynx
		17.1	 Symptomatology of Larynx
		17.2	 Examination Method of Larynx
		References
	18: Common Laryngeal Diseases
		18.1	 Congenital Laryngeal Disease
			18.1.1	 Congenital Laryngeal Cyst
			18.1.2	 Congenital Laryngeal Webs
			18.1.3	 Congenital Laryngeal Wheezing
			18.1.4	 Congenital Malformation of Laryngeal Cartilage
		18.2	 Inflammatory Disease of Larynx
			18.2.1	 Acute Epiglottis
			18.2.2	 Acute Laryngitis
			18.2.3	 Chronic Laryngitis
		18.3	 Benign Hyperplasia of Larynx
			18.3.1	 Vocal Nodules
			18.3.2	 Vocal Cord Polyps
		18.4	 Neuropathy of Larynx
			18.4.1	 Laryngeal Motor Neural Disease
			18.4.2	 Laryngeal Sensory Nerve Disease
		18.5	 Benign Laryngeal Tumor
			18.5.1	 Laryngeal Papilloma
			18.5.2	 Laryngeal Angioma
			18.5.3	 Laryngeal Fibroneuroma
		18.6	 Malignant Laryngoma
		18.7	 Laryngeal Obstruction
		18.8	 Laryngotracheal Stenosis
		References
	19: Common Laryngeal Surgery
		19.1	 Tracheotomy
		19.2	 Tracheal Intubation
		19.3	 Rupture of Larynx
Part VI: Tracheoesophagology
	20: Applied Anatomy and Physiology of Trachea, Bronchus and Esophagus
		20.1	 Applied Anatomy of Trachea and Bronchus
		20.2	 Applied Anatomy of Esophagus
		20.3	 Physiology of Trachea and Bronchus
		20.4	 Physiology of Esophagus
	21: Endoscopy of Trachea, Bronchus and Esophagus
		21.1	 Bronchoscopy
		21.2	 Esophagoscopy
	22: Foreign Body of Trachea and Bronchus
	23: Esophageal Disease
		23.1	 Foreign Body of Esophagus
		23.2	 Erosion Injury of Esophagus
		23.3	 Reflux Esophagitis
Part VII: Head and Neck Surgery
	24: Applied Anatomy of Head and Neck
		24.1	 Applied Anatomy of Skull Base
		24.2	 Applied Anatomy of Neck
	25: Common Cervical Diseases
		25.1	 Thyroglossal Cyst
		25.2	 Cleft Cyst and Fistula of Branchus
		25.3	 Acute and Chronic Cervical Lymphadenitis
		25.4	 Tumor of Carotid Body
		25.5	 Tumor of Nerve Sheath
		25.6	 Trauma of Closed Trachea
		25.7	 Trauma of Open Blood Vessels and Nerves
	26: Common Skull Base Disease
		26.1	 Fracture of Skull Base
		26.2	 Pituitary Adenoma
		26.3	 Chordoma
		26.4	 Meningioma
Part VIII: Special Otorhinolaryngopharyngology Head and Neck Surgery Disease
	27: Foreign Body of Otorhinolaryngopharyngology Head and Neck
		27.1	 Foreign Body of Ear
		27.2	 Foreign Body of Nose and Paranasal Sinus
		27.3	 Foreign Body of Pharynx
		27.4	 Foreign Body of Larynx
	28: Tuberculosis of Otorhinolaryngopharyngology Head and Neck
		28.1	 Tuberculosis of Ear
		28.2	 Tuberculosis of Nose
		28.3	 Tuberculosis of Pharynx
		28.4	 Tuberculosis of Larynx
		28.5	 Tuberculosis of Cervical Lymph Node
	29: Other Special Diseases and Treatment
		29.1	 Syphilis of Otorhinolaryngopharynx
		29.2	 AIDS Manifestation at Otorhinolaryngopharyngology Head and Neck
		29.3	 Leprosy of Otorhinolaryngopharyngology
		29.4	 Diphtheria of Otorhinolaryngopharyngology
		29.5	 Rhinoscleroma
Appendix A: Preoperative Auditory-Speech Development Assessment and Postoperative Restoration Evaluation at Cochlear Implant
Appendix B: Informed Consent of Cochlear Implant