Practical electrical wiring: residential, farm, commercial, and industrial

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Brief contents
	Detailed contents
	Tables
	Foreword
	Preface to the ninth edition
	Preface to the twenty-second edition
	Introduction and guide
	Part One: Wiring Principles
		1 NEC, Product Standards, and Inspection
		2 Numbers, Measurements, and Electricity
		3 AC and DC; Power Factor; Transformers
		4 Basic Electrical Power Utilization Systems
		5 Basic Devices and Equipment
		6 Overcurrent Devices
		7 Selecting Conductors
		8 Making Wire Connections and Splices
		9 Grounding for Safety
		10 Outlet and Switch Boxes
		11 Wiring Methods
		12 Planning Residential Installations
		13 Residential Electrical Distribution
		14 Residential Lighting
		15 Residential and Farm Motors
	Part Two: Residential and Farm Wiring
		16 Installing Service Entrances and Grounds
		17 Installing Specific Devices
		18 Finishing: Installation of Switches, Receptacles, and Luminaires
		19 Limited-Energy Wiring
		20 Wiring for Multiple Circuits and Specialized Loads
		21 Modernizing Old Work
		22 Farm Wiring
		23 On-site Engine Power Generation and Supply of Premises Wiring
		24 Manufactured Homes, Recreational Vehicles, and Parks
		25 Wiring Apartment Buildings
	Part Three: Commercial and Industrial Wiring
		26 Sizing Conductors for All Load Conditions
		27 Nonresidential Wiring Methods and Materials
		28 Planning Nonresidential Installations
		29 Nonresidential Lighting
		30 Industrial and Commercial Motor Applications
		31 Wiring Specific Locations and Occupancies
	Appendix
	About the authors
	Further reading
	Index
Detailed Contents
	Tables
	Foreword
	Preface to the ninth edition
	Preface to the twenty-second edition
	Introduction and guide
	Part One Wiring Principles
		1 NEC, Product Standards, and Inspection
			National Electrical Code (NEC)
				Formulation of the NEC by the NEC committee
				How local codes relate to the NEC
				Enforcement of the NEC
				The NEC concerns itself with minimum safety, not good design
				Format of the NEC
				History of the NEC
				NFPA—a worldwide fire safety organization
				Interpretations of the NEC
			Product Standards and Certification
				Product standards are meaningful
				Testing laboratories, the listing process, and approval
			Inspection
				International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI)
				Permits
				Licenses
			Where Do You Fit In?
		2 Numbers, Measurements, and Electricity
			Numbering
			Abbreviations
			Metric System
			Temperature Conversion
			Arithmetic Refresher
				Multiplication
				Order of operations
				Square roots
				Exponents, Scientific Notation
				Working with units
			Units of Electrical Measurement
				Electric fields and the nature of electricity
				Effects of electricity
				Coulomb—basic unit of electricity
				Ampere—rate of flow
				Volt—measure of pressure
				Watt—measure of rate of power
			Reading Meters and Paying for Electricity
				Reading kilowatthour meters
				How electricity is priced
				Deregulation
			How We Use Wires to Carry Electricity
				Conductors and insulators
				Resistance of wires
			Ohm’s Law: How Current, Voltage, and Resistance Interrelate
				Ohm’s law formulas
				Corrections for ac circuits
				Factors apply to same part of circuit
				Volt-amperes
				Power factor
				Percent efficiency (% eff )
			Voltage Drop: A Price to Be Paid for Using Electric Power
				Calculating voltage drop and power loss
				Operating voltage
			Three-Wire Systems: Two Voltages for the Price of One
		3 AC and DC; Power Factor; Transformers
			Direct Current, Alternating Current, and Nonlinear Loads
				Direct current (dc)
				Alternating current (ac)
				Frequency
				Alternating current and motors
				Three-phase alternating current
				Two-phase alternating current
				Polyphase current
				Volt-amperes
				Kilovolt-amperes
				Power factor
				Nonlinear loads
			How Transformers Work and What They Do For Us
				Ratio of number of turns to voltage
				Transformer current and loads
				Series-parallel connections
				Three-phase transformers
				Autotransformers
				High-voltage dc transmission
		4 Basic Electrical Power Utilization Systems
			The Service is the Usual Energy Source
			Overload Protection Protects Against Sustained Overheating
			Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection Prevents Damage From Electrical Arcs
			Service Conductors Involve Unique Overcurrent Protection Problems
			Service Disconnects—“Readily Accessible” and Other NEC Requirements
			Service and Building Disconnects
			Circuits
				Source of power
				Basic circuit
			Panelboards (And Switchboards)
			Grounding
			Wiring Methods
		5 Basic Devices and Equipment
			Devices, Fittings, and Boxes—Definitions
			Lamps for Incandescent Lighting
				Lamp design principle
				Sockets (lampholders)
			Receptacle Outlets for Connecting Loads
				Duplex receptacles—most common
				Single receptacles—special uses
				Connecting switch-controlled receptacles
			Switches for Controlling Outlets
				Faceplates, cover switches, and other devices
				Grounding requirements anticipate metal faceplates
				Observe switch ratings
				Match switch to type of current (ac or dc)
				Choose switches according to desired features
				Interchangeable devices
				How snap switches work in electrical installations
		6 Overcurrent Devices
			Fuses
				Plug fuses—restricted use
				Cartridge fuses—necessary for larger loads
			Circuit Breakers
			Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters
			Breakers vs. Fuses
			Determining Proper Rating of Overcurrent Device
				Available fault current
				Current limitation
				Series ratings
				Joining of different sizes of wire
		7 Selecting Conductors
			Choosing a Type of Wire Insulation
				NEC Limits installation locations
				Types TW and THW
				Types THHN and THWN
				Type XHHW
				Rubber-covered wire
				Fixture wire
				Other types of wire
			Understanding Wire Sizes
				American Wire Gauge (AWG) numbering system
				Wire size designations
				Stranded wires
				Typical uses for various wire sizes
			Understanding Ampacity and the NEC Ampacity Tables
				Temperature ratings of wires
				Ampacity is not directly proportional to wire size
				How to select a conductor using NEC Table 310.15(B)(16)
				Adjusting NEC Table 310.15(B)(16) values for actual conditions
				Termination temperatures sometimes determine minimum wire size
				What to do when the ampacity doesn’t match a standard overcurrent device size
			Reducing Voltage Drop
				Advantages of reducing voltage drop
				Practical voltage drops
				Calculating voltage drop by Ohm’s law
				Desirability of higher voltages
				More practical method of calculating voltage drop
				Voltage drop on ac circuits
				Cost of voltage drop
				Minimum ampacity requirements override voltage drop calculations
		8 Making Wire Connections and Splices
			Remove Insulation Before Connecting or Splicing Wires
			Terminals for Connecting Wires to Devices
				Screw-type terminals
				Connecting stranded wire
				Devices without terminal screws
				Connecting larger wires
			Making Splices
				Solderless connections
				Insulating splices
				Solderless, self-contained connectors
				Crimp-type connectors
				Splicing to a continuous wire (“tap” connection); large wire splices
			Solutions to Reliability Problems of Connections and Splices
				Observe torque specifications
				Irreversible compression connections for larger wires
				Exothermic welding for grounding-related connections
				Aluminum wire—special rules address unique characteristics
		9 Grounding for Safety
			Three Types of Grounding
			Grounding Terminology
				Ground
				Voltage to ground
				Ground wire
				Equipment grounding wire
				Grounded neutral wire
				Is it a neutral wire?
			System Grounding
				Stabilizing system voltages to ground
				Main bonding jumper—a critical connection
				White (grounded) wire
			Equipment Grounding Helps Prevent Electric Shock
				Grounding and fuse/breaker placement for 120-volt circuit
				Grounding and fuse/breaker placement for 240-volt circuit
				Metal conduit or armored cable
				Separate grounding conductors
			Equipment Grounding Conductors Must Have Low Impedance
				Continuous grounds
				Return path—run with or enclosing circuit conductors
				Grounding of fixed equipment
			Grounding-Type Receptacles Increase Safety
				What about double insulation?
				Three-to-two adapters
				How dangerous are shocks?
			Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)
				GFCI types
				Where GFCIs are required
				Replacement receptacles
				Ground-fault protection of equipment (GFPE)
		10 Outlet and Switch Boxes
			Boxes Serve Dual Purpose
			Knockouts Allow Conduit or Cable Entry
				Removing knockouts
				Concentric knockouts
			Types of Boxes
				Steel outlet boxes
				Nonmetallic boxes
				Covers
				Switch boxes
			Installing Boxes
				Securing conduit to boxes
				Securing cable to boxes
				Boxes in ceilings or walls
				Outlet boxes used for load support
				Supporting outlet boxes
				Supporting switch boxes
				Surface boxes
			Calculating Allowable Number of Wires in Box
		11 Wiring Methods
			Wiring Methods Using Tubular Raceways (Conduit and Tubing)
				Rigid metal conduit (RMC)
				Intermediate metal conduit (IMC)
				Electrical metallic tubing (EMT)
				Flexible metal conduit (FMC)
				Liquidtight flexible metal conduit (LFMC)
				Liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduit (LFNC)
				Rigid nonmetallic conduit (Formerly, Type RNC)
				Environmental forces on raceways must be accommodated
				Electrical nonmetallic tubing (ENT)
			Cabled Wiring Methods
				Nonmetallic-sheathed cable
				Type UF cable
				Service-entrance cable, Type SE
				Metal-clad cable, Type MC
				Armored cable
				Knob-and-tube wiring
				Changing from conduit to cable
			Thermal Insulation Degrades Wiring Method Ampacities
			Flexible Cords are Not Wiring Methods
				Types SP and SPT
				Types S, SJ, SV
				Types ST, SJT, SVT
				Oil-resistant cords
				Cords in wet locations
				Flexible cord has different overcurrent protection rules
		12 Planning Residential Installations
			Factors in Adequate Wiring
			NEC Emphasizes Receptacle Placement Rules in Dwellings
				Receptacle access from countertops
				Special-function receptacles on ordinary lighting circuits
				Service receptacles for heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment
			NEC Requires Lighting, Usually With Switch Control
			Special Rules Apply to Receptacles
			Room-By-Room Wiring Needs
				Living room
				Sunroom, den, and similar spaces
				Dining room
				Kitchen
				Hallway
				Foyer
				Bedrooms
				Clothes closets
				Bathrooms
				Porches, decks and patios—outdoors
				Basement
				Attic
				Accessory buildings
				Additional features
			Putting your Wiring Plan on Paper
		13 Residential Electrical Distribution
			Install Enough Branch Circuits for Convenience and Safety
				Square footage determines number of circuits
				Branch circuits serving single outlets
				Sizes of branch circuits
				Balancing circuits
				Location of branch-circuit overcurrent protection
				Branch-circuit schemes
			Size the Service for Present and Future Needs
				Selecting service wire size
				Applying demand factors in calculating service load
				Computing the service load for a specific house
				Determining size of the grounded neutral in the service
			Service Equipment Must Be Suitable For Its Function
				Neutral (grounded) busbar—when to bond and when to insulate
				Panelboard circuit capacities
				Selecting circuit-breaker service equipment
				Selecting fused equipment
			Surge Protective Devices
		14 Residential Lighting
			Measuring Light—How Much Do You Need?
				Candelas (candlepower) measure luminous intensity
				Lumens measure total light output of a source
				Footcandles measure degree of illumination for a unit surface
				Luminance describes the brightness of what we see
				Law of inverse squares describes relationship between distance and illumination
				Lightmeters measure footcandles
				Footcandle requirements for various jobs
				Photometry describes the light output of luminaires
			What Quality of Light Do You Need?
				Glare—cause and prevention
				Surface brightness—lower is better
			Layered Lighting and Special Effects
				Direct and indirect lighting—include both kinds
				Lighting design techniques
				Luminaire styles and features
			How to Select Incandescent Lamps
				Voltage affects lamp life and light output
				Special locations
				Lamp bases
				Lamp designations
				Reflector lamps for floodlighting and spotlighting
				Low-voltage incandescent lamps have specialized uses
				Low-voltage lighting systems have special NEC coverage In Article 411
			Fluorescent Lighting Saves Energy
				Tubular fluorescent lamps and ballasts
				Compact fluorescent lighting
				Advantages of fluorescent lighting
				Disadvantages of fluorescent lighting
				Issues in fluorescent lamp design choices
				Ballast designs respond to occupancy requirements
				Life of fluorescent lamps
				Rating of fluorescent lamps
				Power factor of fluorescent lamps
				Color of light from fluorescent lamps
				Light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires
		15 Residential and Farm Motors
			How Electric Motors Are Rated
				Horsepower
				Replacing gasoline engines with electric motors
				Power consumed by a motor
				Speed of ac motors
				Service factor relates motor output to temperature
			Types of Motors Commonly Used
				Split-phase motors
				Capacitor motors
				Repulsion-start induction-run motors
				Universal motors
				Dual-voltage motors
				Three-phase motors
				Direct-current motors
				Reversing motors
				Problems with large motors
				Phase converters allow use of three-phase motors on single-phase lines
				Variable-speed drives can be used for phase transformations
			Five Requirements for Every Motor Installation
				Determine minimum wire size
				Provide required disconnecting means
				Provide short-circuit and ground-fault protection
				Provide controller to start and stop motor
				Provide motor overload protection
			Maintaining Residential and Farm Motors
	Part Two Residential and Farm Wiring
		16 Installing Service Entrances and Grounds
			From the Street (Or Utility Right Of Way) to the Building
				Overhead services begin with the service drop or the overhead service conductors, as the case may be
			Service-Entrance Wiring on aBuilding
				Conduit can be used to meet an overhead supply
				Service entrance cable can also be used to meet an overhead supply
				Special considerations for routing and selecting service conductors
			Service Conductors Entering Buildings
			Location and Wiring of Service Equipment
				Service equipment
				Provide adequate workspace for service equipment
				Soldered connections are prohibited
				Meter and socket
			Provide a Safe Grounding System for the Service
				Grounding electrode system
				Ground wire
				Ground clamps
				Ground-wire conduit or armor
				Water meters—potential grounding hazard
				Grounding busbar
				Grounding bushings
				Bonding jumpers
			Bonding for Water and Other Systems is Required for Safety
				Piping systems must be bonded
				Communications systems have similar grounding requirements
				Intersystem bonding
		17 Installing Specific Devices
			Wiring Simple Device and Luminaire Openings
				Anticipation of occupancy sensor switches
				Ceiling outlet, pull-chain control
				Lighting outlet, wires continued to next outlet
				Receptacle outlets
				Receptacle outlet, wires continued to next outlet
				Light controlled by wall switch
				White wire exception when using cable
				Combining three outlets
				Taps
				Outlet with switch, feed-through switch
				Outlet with switch, with another outlet
				Switch controlling two outlets
				Three-way switches
				Pilot lights
				Switched receptacles
				Two-circuit duplex receptacles
				Combining outlets
			Wiring to Recessed Luminaires
				Recessed luminaires usually involve high temperatures
				Prewired recessed luminaires are the norm
				Clearance from insulation and combustible surfaces
			Wiring Garages and Outbuildings
				Disconnecting means for outbuildings
				Grounding requirements for outbuildings
				Installing a circuit for a detached garage
		18 Finishing: Installation of Switches, Receptacles, and Luminaires
			Installing Conventional Devices in Interior Locations
				Installing switches, receptacles, and related equipment
				Installing faceplates
				Grounding receptacles
				Surface-mounted boxes
			Installing Conventional Luminaires
				Wiring luminaires
				Identifying grounded fixture conductors
				Screw-shell grounded-conductor connections in luminaires
				Hanging traditional luminaires
				Installing wall brackets
				Adjusting height of luminaires
			Luminaires that Don’t Mount Directly to Outlet Boxes
				Fluorescent luminaires
				Cord-connected luminaires
				Luminaires supported on metal poles
			Paddle Fans Have Special Requirements
			Outdoor and Other Wet Locations Require Special Procedures
				Outdoor receptacles
				Outdoor switches
			Test your Installation Before Energizing It
				Testing metal wiring systems
				Testing nonmetallic-sheathed cable installations
				Circuit testers
		19 Limited-Energy Wiring
			Fire Resistance of Limited-Energy Cabling
			Workmanship
			Signaling and Control Wiring
				Transformers
				Simple Class 2 signaling circuits
				Low-voltage remote-control switching
				Two installation methods
			Communications Circuits
				What communications wiring is the owner’s responsibility?
				Selecting wires for data transmissions
				Color coding
				Listing
				Network-powered broadband communications systems
		20 Wiring for Multiple Circuits and Specialized Loads
			Three-Wire Circuits
				Application of three-wire circuits
				Neutrals in three-wire branch circuits
			Three-Phase, Four-Wire Circuits
			NEC Notations for Voltage Systems
			How the NEC Classifies Appliances
			Receptacles for Appliances
			Appliance Circuits
				Branch circuits serving other loads
				Disconnecting means
			Wiring Methods for Ranges and other Special Appliances
				Wiring 240-volt appliances with cable
				Special provisions for ranges, ovens, cooking units, and clothes dryers
				Ranges
				Sectional ranges
				Clothes dryers
				Automatic clothes washers
				Water heaters
				Room air conditioners
				Electric heat
			Special Applications
				Swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, fountains, and hydromassage bathtubs
				Smoke detectors
			Solar Photovoltaic Systems
				The array captures the solar energy
				Special wiring rules apply at the modules
				DC feeder wiring connects the array with the inverter
				Don’t forget equipment grounding
				Disconnects upon entry unless a metal raceway (or MC cable) is used
				Inverters provide the interface with the ac side
				Connection point to the normal power system restricted
		21 Modernizing Old Work
			Wiring Methods in Old Work
				Connections to concealed knob-and-tube wiring
				NEC requirements for old work
			Concealed Wiring Techniques
				Openings for flush-mounted devices and luminaires
				Installing switch boxes in wall
				Installing wiring in concealed spaces
			Surface Wiring Techniques
				Extension rings
				Boxes on masonry walls
				Surface wiring assemblies
			When to Replace Old Wiring
			Methods for Retaining Existing Panel(S)
				Reconnecting old circuits
				Retaining the old panelboard
				Removing or converting old service panelboard
				Changing over
		22 Farm Wiring
			How to Set Up the Electrical Distribution System at a Farm
				Adequacy
				Overhead or underground?
				Grounding on farms
				Locating the meter pole (“distribution point” in NEC terminology)
				Equipotential planes—essential features of livestock confinement areas
				Calculating wire sizes—pole to buildings
				Calculating total load
				Use current transformers for modern high-capacity installations
				Surge (lightning) protective devices
			How to Wire Branch Circuits and Outlets in Farm Buildings
				Cable for barn wiring
				Poultry, livestock, and fish confinement systems
				Wiring of barns
				Poultry houses—good lighting design
				Water pump—fire safety considerations
				Motors
				Yard lights
				Outdoor switches and receptacles
		23 On-site Engine Power Generation and Supply of Premises Wiring
			Engine Generators and Optional Standby Systems
				Power source and location of installation
				Starting methods
				Load transfer equipment—essential to safety
				Match capacity to load
				Advantages of automatic control
				Should you transfer the neutral?
				Decide between permanently installed or portable
				UL Standards action may drive decisions
				Wiring for standby generator installation
				Tractor-driven generators
				Battery-powered systems
			Emergency and Legally Required Standby Systems
				Emergency plants
				Legally required standby systems
			Interconnected Power Production
		24 Manufactured Homes, Recreational Vehicles, and Parks
			Defining the Terms Used in this Chapter
			Manufactured (Mobile) Homes and Parks
				Three ways of supplying service to manufactured homes
				Minimum service equipment is 100 amps
				Service equipment with optional meter socket
				Parks for mobile homes
			Recreational Vehicles and Parks
				Three ways of supplying service to recreational vehicles
				Parks for recreational vehicles
			Requirements for Nonresidential Uses of Mobile Homes and RVS
		25 Wiring Apartment Buildings
			From Simple to Complex—Start with a Single Apartment
				Determining minimum number of branch circuits
				Determining Wire Size
			Requirements for Service Entrance for the Building
				Common access to service equipment
				Determining service-entrance wire size
			Wiring the Service to a Larger Apartment Building
				Computing electric range and clothes dryer loads
				Limited-energy signaling circuits
	Part Three Commercial and Industrial Wiring
		26 Sizing Conductors for All Load Conditions
			Middles and Ends of Wires Require Separate Calculations
				Current is always related to heat
				Ampacity tables show how conductors respond to heat
			Termination Restrictions Protect Devices
				Splices as terminations
				Protecting devices under continuous loads
				Grounded conductors have a special allowance
			The Middle of the Wire—Preventing Conductors from Overheating
				Mutual conductor heating
				How (and when) to count neutrals
				How (and when) to count control wires
				Conductor ampacity derating
				Ambient temperature problems
			Choosing a Conductor
				The conductor must always be protected
				Small conductors
				Noncontinuous loads
				Neutral sizing
			Wires in Parallel
				Keep the wires to be paralleled as equal as possible
				Use parallel raceways as well as wires
				Special rules for sizing grounding conductors in parallel makeups
		27 Nonresidential Wiring Methods and Materials
			How to Connect Wiring to Enclosures
				Raceway support of boxes—general requirements
				Cantilevered boxes
				Pendant boxes
				Junction and pull boxes
				Handhole enclosures
				Concrete boxes
				Deflection of wires
				Supporting vertical runs of wire
			Nonresidential Applications May Involve Different Grounding Rules
				Continuity of ground
				Isolated ground receptacles and equipment
			What Other Wiring Methods are You Likely to Use?
				Surface metal raceways
				Multioutlet assemblies
				Power poles
				Wireways
				Auxiliary gutters
				Strut-type channel raceway
				Flat cable assemblies
				Busways
				Cablebus
				Underfloor raceways
				Mineral-insulated (Type MI) cable
				Cable trays
				Type TC cable
		28 Planning Nonresidential Installations
			What are Common Nonresidential Distribution Systems?
				Equipment used for distribution—NEC definitions
				Types of distribution systems
				Calculating different occupancies
			Grounding Nonresidential Systems
				System grounding
				Neutral busbar: grounded or insulated?
				Sizing equipment grounding conductors
				Ground-fault protection of equipment (GFPE) on 480-volt services (and feeders)
			What is a Separately Derived System and How is it Grounded?
				Grounding separately derived system transformer secondaries
				Not all separately derived systems use transformers
			How to Install and Protect Transformers and their Conductors
				Providing overcurrent protection for transformers
				Transformers supplying nonlinear loads require special design
				Protecting wires supplied from transformers
				Industrial occupancies have additional tap allowances
			What Branch Circuits Can Be Used?
				Fifteen-ampere branch circuits
				Twenty-ampere branch circuits
				Thirty-ampere branch circuits
				Forty- and fifty-ampere branch circuits
			What Luminaires Can Be Used on Various Circuits?
				Electric-discharge lighting loads
				Taps on branch circuits
				Color code on branch-circuit or feeder conductors?
			What Allowances Does the NEC Provide for Temporary Wiring?
				Most receptacles now require GFCI protection
				AEGCP—a program that will require closer attention
		29 Nonresidential Lighting
			Group Relamping
			Tungsten-Halogen Lamps
			Fluorescent Lighting Becomes More of a Science
				Bases on fluorescent lamps
				Fluorescent-type designations
				Energy efficiency and fluorescent lighting
				U-shaped fluorescent lamps
				Maintenance of fluorescent luminaires
				Effect of voltage on fluorescent lamps
				Color of light from fluorescent lamps
			Quality of Illumination
			Modern Control Systems Address Energy Concerns
				Dimming control options
				Luminaire selection
				Induction fluorescent luminaires
			High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting
				Advantages and disadvantages of HID lamps
				Mercury-vapor (MV) lamps
				Metal-halide (MH) lamps
				Unique design constraints apply to HID lighting systems
				High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps
				Continuing developments In design
				Height-to-spacing considerations
				Dimming options for HID systems
			Incorporate Luminaire Characteristics in the Lighting Design
				Comparative lumen output of various kinds of lamps
				Task lighting
				Lighting of athletic fields
			Remote Source Lighting (Fiberoptics)
			Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
		30 Industrial and Commercial Motor Applications
			Motor Ratings and Motor Circuit Terminology
				Voltage ratings of motors
				Ampere ratings of motors
				“In sight from” requirements
				Time rating
				Continuous-duty motors
				Non-continuous-duty motors
				Motor branch-circuit components
				Motor current variations
				Types of motor disconnecting devices
			Start With the Basics: One Motor and No other Load on a Circuit
				Branch-circuit wire size and voltage drop
				Motor disconnecting means—purpose, minimum hp, and current ratings
				Motor branch-circuit and ground-fault protection
				Motor controllers start and stop motors
				Motor control circuits have special protective provisions
				Motor and branch-circuit running overload protection
				Combining several components of motor branch circuits
			Now Add Complexity: Two or More Motors on One Circuit
				Listed for group installation
				Several motors on general-purpose branch circuit
				Several motors on one motor branch circuit
				Feeders for two or more motors
				Branch circuits for two or more motors
				Disconnecting means
			Hermetic Refrigerant Motor-Compressors Have their Own NEC Article
				Location of disconnecting means
				Information on nameplate
				Nameplate data governs selection of circuit elements
			Fire Pump Motor \"Protection\" Isn\'t Like Anything Else in the NEC
				Electrical supply must be highly reliable
				Install electrical circuit protective systems correctly
			Industrial Control Panels
		31 Wiring Specific Locations and Occupancies
			Office Spaces Must Provide Floor-Plan Flexibility
				Lighting
				Receptacles
				Relocatable partitions
				Suspended ceilings
			Retail Stores-Lighting as a Merchandising Tool
				In-store lighting
				Show-window lighting
				Types of lighting equipment
			Places of Assembly are Allowed Comparatively Few Wiring Methods
			Good Schools Showcase Good Lighting Design
				Footcandles required
				NEC requirements for schools
			Church Lighting Presents Unique Challenges
			Wiring in Wet, Corrosive, and Outdoor Locations
				Wiring in wet locations
				Wiring in corrosive conditions
				Outdoor wiring involves wet locations generally exposed to sunlight if above grade
				Festoon lighting
			Wiring for Signs and Outline Lighting-Unique Grounding Provisions
			Hazardous (Classified) Locations Require Very High Workmanship Standards
				Class I locations
				Class II locations
				Class III locations
				Groups
				Basic principles applied to equipment
				Other protective approaches
				Zone classification system (NEC Article 505 and 506)
				Proper installation and maintenance
				Sealing fittings
				Wiring methods for hazardous locations
				Commercial repair garages
				Wiring methods
				Service stations
				Paint-spraying booths