Power-Sharing in the Global South: Patterns, Practices and Potentials (Federalism and Internal Conflicts)

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Power-Sharing in the Global South
	Introduction
	One Form of Power-Sharing or Many?
	Organization of the Book
	Bibliography
2 Power-Sharing in the Global South in Comparative Perspective: Patterns and Practices
	Introduction
	Comparative Perspectives on Power-Sharing: From Consociational and Consensus Models of Democracy to Post-Civil War Conflict Management
	Power-Sharing Institutions in the Global South
	Power-Sharing in Practice
		Who Has Power?
		Effects Stemming from the Exercise of Power Via Power-Sharing Institutions
	Trends in the Adoption and Evolution of Power-Sharing in the Global South: Past, Present… and Future?
	References
3 The Idea of Power-Sharing in South Africa’s Transition from Apartheid to Constitutional Democracy (1983–1993)
	Power-Sharing and Constitutional Change in South Africa
	Power-Sharing and the Reform of Apartheid
	Power-Sharing in the Transition to Democracy
	South African Constitutional History and the Idea of Power-Sharing: Concluding Observations
	References
4 Power-Sharing in Colombia: Bipartisanship, Leftist Insurgencies, and Beyond
	Introduction
	Power-Sharing in the Bipartisan System (1905–1974)
	Leftist Insurgency, Partial Peace Agreements, and Power-Sharing
	Power-Sharing in Contemporary Colombia: The 2016 Peace Agreement
	Conclusion
	References
5 Power-Sharing Processes in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia: From Elite Compromise to Presidential Monopolization
	Introduction
	How Has It Been Adopted?—Establishing the Elite Compromise in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia
		Power-Sharing in Direct Response to the Fall of Ben Ali
		Power-Sharing Through a “Historic Compromise”
	How Has It Been Functioning?—Implementing the Power-Sharing System in the Tunisian Post-Arab Spring Transformation Process
		Elections and Coalitions Based on the Constitution: The Elite Compromise in Practice
		Carthage I: The Climax of Post-Arab Spring Elite Compromise
	How Has It Ended?—Evaluating the Longevity of the Elite Compromise and Its Functioning
		Carthage II: The Decline of the Elite Compromise
		Parliamentary and Presidential Elections 2019: Turning Away from the Elite Compromise
		COVID-19 Pandemic Meets Government Crises and Intra-Party Fragmentation
		The Presidential Sonderweg Instead of ‘Paced Transition’: Saied’s Monopolization of Power
	Conclusion
	Appendix: Milestones of the Power-Sharing Processes in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia
	References
6 The Limits of Territorial Arrangements and the Relevance of Consociationalism for India
	Introduction
	India’s Cleavages
		Religions
		Languages
		Tribes of India
	The Adoption of Power-Sharing in India
	Post-independence Institutional Arrangements for Power-Sharing
	Territorial Power-Sharing for the Aboriginal Peoples and Political Exclusion
	Limits of Power-Sharing: Challenges and Future Prospects
	Conclusion: Lessons Learned
	References
7 Power-Sharing in Nigeria’s Divided Society: Structures, Conflicts and Challenges
	Introduction
	Power-Sharing: Concept and Theories
	Power-Sharing in Nigeria
		Federalism
		The Federal Character Principle
		Political Zoning and Rotational Presidency
		State Creation
		Revenue Allocation
	Conflict and Challenges
	Conclusion
	References
8 Power-Sharing in Malaysia: Coalition Politics and the Social Contract
	Political and Constitutional Origins of the Social Contract
	The May 13 Incident and the ‘Rukunegara’ Amendments
	The Social Contract: Implementation and Critiques
	Judicial Responses
	Duration and Application of the Social Contract
	Success and Failure
	Coalition Politics and the Social Contract
	Conclusion
	References
9 The Paradox of Power-Sharing in Mauritius
	Introduction
	Ethnic Profile
	The Development of Power-Sharing Under the British Colonial Rule (Adoption Phase)
		The Division Between the Franco-Mauritians and the Indo-Mauritians, and the General Elections of 1948 and 1953
		The Trustam Eve Commission and the General Elections of 1959 and 1963
		The Banwell Commission and the Independence Election of 1967
	Post-independence Power-Sharing (Implementation Phase)
		Coalition Politics
		Proportional Representation: The Best Loser System
		Mutual Veto and Segmental Autonomy
	Challenges to Power-Sharing Functionality in Mauritius
	Conclusion
	References
10 Lebanon: Consociationalism Between Immobilism and Reform
	From the National Pact to the Taif Accords: Lebanon’s Consociational State
	Gender Activism in a Consociational State
		Permissible Violence: Efforts to Repeal “Marry Your Rapist” Laws
	Reforming Nationality Laws: The Sectarian Balance of Power
	Is Reform Possible?
	Conclusion
	References
11 Consociational Democracy Without Minority Veto? Power-sharing in Ethiopia
	Introduction
	The Context
	Segmental Autonomy
		The Constitutional Framework
		The Clamor for One’s Own State
	Proportionality
	Executive Power-sharing
		Consociational Coalition?
		Enter Abiy Ahmed
	When Formal Institutions Do Not Matter
	Conclusion
	References
12 The Power-Sharing Arrangements in Iraq: The Instability Within
	Introduction
	The Social Structures of Iraqi Society
	The Power-Sharing Arrangement in Iraq
		Grand Coalition
		Veto Rights
		Proportional Representation
		Territorial Autonomy
	Evaluating the Power-Sharing Arrangement in Iraq
	Conclusion
	References
13 “The Unloved Child Matures”: Power-Sharing in Burundi
	Rumors
	The Long Road to Arusha (1988–1998)
	The Adoption of Power-Sharing (1999–2005)
	Functioning Power-Sharing? (2005–2006)
	The Erosion of Power-Sharing (2007–2015)
	Reconfiguring Power-Sharing (2015–)
	Conclusion
	References
14 On the Adoptability of Power-sharing in Syria
	Introduction
	Syria’s (Possible) Consociation: The Liberal-Corporate Debate
	Reforms of the Armed Forces
	Conclusion
	References
15 The Pacific Islands: The Centrality of Context for Power-Sharing in the Global South
	The Character of Cleavages
	Electoral Law and Party Systems
	Fiji’s Multi-Party Cabinet Experiment
	Collegiality in New Caledonia
	New Caledonia and Fiji Compared
	Conditionalities and Contextual Blindness
	Conclusion
	References
16 Conclusion: The Power-Sharing Lifecycle across the Global South
	Adoptability
	Functionality
	Adaptability and Endability
	Conclusion
	References
Index