Power Plant Engineering

Title
Contents
1. Introduction: Economics of Power Generation
	1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Load–Duration Curves
			1.3 Location of Power Plants
				1.4 Power Plant Economics
				1.5 Indian Energy Scenario
				1.6 Coal-fuelled Electricity Generating Unit
					Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
2. Analysis of Steam Cycles
	2.1 Steam Power Plant
		2.2 Rankine Cycle
			2.3 Carnot Cycle
				2.4 Mean Temperature of Heat Addition
				2.5 Effect of Variation of Steam Condition on Thermal Effi ciency of Steam Power Plant
				2.6 Reheating of Steam
				2.7 Regeneration
				2.8 Regenerative Feedwater Heating
				2.9 Feedwater Heaters
			2.10 Carnotization of Rankine Cycle
			2.11 Optimum Degree of Regeneration
			2.12 Supercritical Pressure Cycle
			2.13 Steam Power Plant Appraisal
			2.14 Deaerator
			2.15 Typical Layout of Steam Power Plant
			2.16 Effi ciencies in a Steam Power Plant
			2.17 Cogeneration of Power and Process Heat
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
3. Combined Cycle Power Generation
	3.1 Flaws of Steam as Working Fluid in Power Cycle
		3.2 Characteristics of Ideal Working Fluid for Vapour Power Cycle
			3.3 Binary Vapour Cycles
				3.4 Coupled Cycles
				3.5 Combined Cycle Plants
				3.6 Gas Turbine–Steam Turbine Power Plant
					Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
4. Fuels and Combustion
	4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Coal
			4.3 Coal Analysis
				4.4 Fuel Oil
				4.5 Natural and Petroleum Gas
				4.6 Emulsion Firing
				4.7 Coal–Oil and Coal–Water Mixtures
				4.8 Industrial Wastes and Byproducts
				4.9 Synthetic Fuels
			4.10 Biomass
			4.11 Thermodynamic View
			4.12 Combustion Reactions
			4.13 Mass Balance of a Steam Generator
			4.14 Energy Balance of a Steam Generator
			4.15 Draught (or Draft) System
			4.16 Fans
			4.17 Heat of Combustion
			4.18 Heating Values: Enthalpy of Combustion
			4.19 Theoretical Flame Temperature
			4.20 Free Energy of Formation
			4.21 Equilibrium Constant KP
			4.22 Effect of Dissociation
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
5. Combustion Mechanism, Combustion Equipment and Firing Methods
	5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Kinetics of Combustion Reactions
			5.3 Mechanism of Solid Fuel Combustion
				5.4 Kinetic and Diffusion Control
				5.5 Combustion Equipment for Burning Coal
				5.6 Fuel Bed Combustion
				5.7 Mechanical Stokers
				5.8 Pulverized Coal Firing System
				5.9 Cyclone Furnace
			5.10 Fluidized Bed Combustion
			5.11 Coal Gasifi ers
			5.12 Combustion of Fuel Oil
			5.13 Combustion of Gas
			5.14 Combined Gas Fuel Oil Burners
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
6. Steam Generators
	6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Basic Types of Steam Generators
			6.3 Fire-tube Boilers
				6.4 Water-Tube Boilers
				6.5 Economizers
				6.6 Superheaters
				6.7 Reheaters
				6.8 Steam Generator Control
				6.9 Air Preheater
			6.10 Fluidized Bed Boilers
	6.11(a) Supercritical Boilers: PC Vs CFB Technology
	6.11(b) Ultra Supercritical Technology
	6.11(c) Advanced Ultra Supercritical Technology (AUSC)
	6.11(d) Flue Gas De-nitrifi cation and Desulphurization
		6.12 Electrostatic Precipitator
			6.13 Fabric Filters and Baghouses
			6.14 Ash-Handling System
			6.15 Feedwater Treatment
			6.16 Deaeration
			6.17 Evaporation
			6.18 Internal Treatment
			6.19 Boiler Blowdown
			6.20 Steam Purity
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
7. Steam Turbines
	7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Flow Through Nozzles
			7.3 Turbine Blading
				7.4 Electrical Energy Generation
					Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
8. Condenser, Feedwater and Circulating Water Systems
	8.1 Need of a Condenser
		8.2 Direct-Contact Condensers
			8.3 Surface Condensers
				8.4 Feedwater Heaters
				8.5 Circulating Water System
				8.6 Cooling Towers
				8.7 Cooling Tower Calculations
					Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
9. Nuclear Power Plants
	9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Structure of the Atom
			9.3 Chemical and Nuclear Reactions
				9.4 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy
				9.5 Radioactive Decay and Half Life
				9.6 Nuclear Fission
				9.7 Chain Reaction
				9.8 Neutron Energies
				9.9 Nuclear Cross Sections
			9.10 Neutron Flux and Reaction Rates
			9.11 Moderating Power and Moderating Ratio
			9.12 Variation of Neutron Cross Sections with Neutron Energy
			9.13 Neutron Life Cycle
			9.14 Refl ectors
			9.15 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Nuclear Reactors
			9.16 Types of Reactors
			9.17 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
			9.18 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
			9.19 Gas-cooled Reactors
			9.20 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor
			9.21 Heavy Water Reactors
			9.22 India’s Nuclear Power Programme
			9.23 Fusion Power Reactors
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
10. Hydroelectric Power Plant
	10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Power
			10.3 Optimization of Hydro-Thermal Mix
			10.4 Selection of Site for a Hydroelectric Plant
			10.5 Hydrological Cycle
			10.6 Hydrographs
			10.7 Storage and Pondage
			10.8 Essential Elements of a Hydroelectric Power Plant
			10.9 Classifi cation of Hydroelectric Power Plants
		10.10 Hydraulic Turbines
		10.11 Turbine Size
		10.12 Pelton Wheel
		10.13 Degree of Reaction
		10.14 Francis Turbines
		10.15 Propeller and Kaplan Turbines
		10.16 Deriaz Turbine
		10.17 Bulb Turbine
		10.18 Specifi c Speed
		10.19 Comparison of Turbines
		10.20 Cavitation
		10.21 Governing of Hydraulic Turbines
		10.22 Governing of Reaction Turbines
		10.23 Surge Tanks
		10.24 Performance of Turbines
		10.25 Selection of Turbines
			Solved Examples
				Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
11. Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants
	11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Applications of Diesel Engines in Power Field
			11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Engine Power Plant
			11.4 Types of Diesel Plants
			11.5 General Layout
			11.6 Combustion in a CI Engine
			11.7 Performance Characteristics
			11.8 Supercharging
			11.9 Layout of a Diesel Engine Power Plant
		11.10 Gas Turbine Power Plant
		11.11 Components of Gas Turbine Plant
		11.12 Gas Turbine Fuels
		11.13 Gas Turbine Materials
		11.14 Free Piston Engine Plant
			Solved Examples
				Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
12. Energy Storage
	12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Pumped Hydro
			12.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
			12.4 Flywheel Energy Storage
			12.5 Electrochemical Energy Storage
			12.6 Magnetic Energy Storage
			12.7 Thermal Energy Storage
			12.8 Chemical Energy Storage
			12.9 Hydrogen Energy
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
13. Non-conventional Power Generation: Direct Energy Conversion
	13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generation
			13.3 Thermionic Power Generation
			13.4 Thermoelectric Power Generation
			13.5 Fuel Cells
			13.6 Geothermal Energy
			13.7 Hydrogen Energy System
				Solved Examples
					Short-answer Questions
					Problems
					Bibliography
14. Environmental Degradation and Use of Renewable Energy
	14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Greenhouse Effect
			14.3 Acid Rain
			14.4 Smog
			14.5 Nuclear Radiation
			14.6 Solar Energy
			14.7 Wind Energy
			14.8 Ocean Energy Systems
			14.9 Geothermal Energy
		14.10 Small Hydro
		14.11 Energy from Biomass
			Solved Examples
				Short-answer Questions
					Bibliography
Objective Questions
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Index